L. Sprague de Camp
L. Sprague de Camp | |
---|---|
Nolacon II in 1988 | |
Born | Lyon Sprague de Camp November 27, 1907 New York City, U.S. |
Died | November 6, 2000 Plano, Texas, U.S. | (aged 92)
Pen name | Lyman R. Lyon (one story),[1] J. Wellington Wells[2] |
Occupation |
|
Nationality | American |
Period | 1937–1996 |
Genre | Science fiction, fantasy, alternate history, historical fiction, history |
Part of a series on |
Alternate history |
---|
Lyon Sprague de Camp (/ˌspreɪɡdəˈkæmp/;[3] November 27, 1907 – November 6, 2000) was an American author of science fiction, fantasy and non-fiction literature. In a career spanning 60 years, he wrote over 100 books, both novels and works of non-fiction, including biographies of other fantasy authors. He was a major figure in science fiction in the 1930s and 1940s.[2]
Biography
De Camp was born in New York City, one of three sons of Lyon de Camp, a businessman in real estate and lumber,
De Camp began his education at the Trinity School in New York, then spent ten years attending the Snyder School in North Carolina,[6] a military-style institution. His stay at the Snyder School was an attempt by his parents, who were heavy-handed disciplinarians,[4] to cure him of intellectual arrogance and lack of discipline. He was awkward and thin, an ineffective fighter, and suffered from bullying by his classmates. His experiences at the school taught him to develop a detached, analytical style considered cold by all but his closest friends,[7] though he could, like his father,[4] be disarming and funny in social situations. He would later recall these challenging childhood experiences in the semi-autobiographical story Judgment Day (1955).[7][8]
An aeronautical engineer by profession, de Camp conducted his undergraduate studies at the
His first job was with the Inventors Foundation, Inc. in Hoboken, New Jersey, which was taken over by The International Correspondence Schools. De Camp transferred to the Scranton, Pennsylvania, division. He was principal of the School of Inventing and Patenting when he resigned in 1937.[7] His first book Inventions and Their Management resulted and was published in July 1937.
On August 12, 1939, de Camp married Catherine Crook,[7][10] with whom he collaborated on science fiction and nonfiction beginning in the 1960s.[2]
During
De Camp was a member of the all-male literary and dining club the "Trap Door Spiders" in New York City, which served as the basis of Asimov's fictional group of mystery solvers the "Black Widowers." De Camp himself was the model for the character named "Geoffrey Avalon."[11]
De Camp was a founding member of the
The de Camps moved to Plano, Texas, in 1989, and Sprague de Camp died there on November 6, 2000, seven months after his wife,[12] on what would have been her birthday, at age 92. His ashes were inurned, together with hers, in the Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia.
De Camp's personal library of about 1,200 books was acquired for auction by Half Price Books in 2005. The collection included books inscribed by fellow writers, such as Isaac Asimov and Carl Sagan, as well as de Camp himself.[13]
Coinage of "Extraterrestrial" and "E.T."
"Extraterrestrial", a coinage from "extra" + "terrestrial", meaning from beyond earth, is attested as an adjective as early as 1868, according to the Oxford English Dictionary. Its first use in connection with life beyond earth was likely by H. G. Wells, in his 1898 novel The War of the Worlds.[14][15] L. Sprague de Camp is credited with its first usage as a noun with the meaning of "alien life" and with coining the abbreviation "E.T." in the first part of his two-part article "Design for Life", published in the May 1939 issue of Astounding Science Fiction.[15][14]
Hypothesis regarding sea serpent sightings
De Camp made a suggestion in 1968 that fossil discoveries had influenced modern reports of sea monster sightings. The suggestion was made in his article "Dinosaurs in Today's World" in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction v. 34, no. 3, March 1968, later reprinted in his nonfiction collection The Fringe of the Unknown, Buffalo, New York: Prometheus, 1983. In 2019 de Camp's theory was scientifically tested by C. G. M. Paxton and D. Naish, who concluded that trends in the data of reported sightings appear to support his hypothesis.[16]
Body of work
De Camp was a
De Camp had the mind of an educator, and a common theme in many of his works is a corrective impulse regarding similar previous works by other authors. A highly rational and logical thinker, he was frequently disturbed by what he regarded as logical lapses and absurdities in others' writings.[6] Some, like Asimov, felt de Camp's conscientiousness about facts limited the scope of his stories: de Camp was reluctant to use technological or scientific concepts (e.g., hyperspace or faster-than-light travel) if he regarded them as impossible.[6][8] Thus, his response to Mark Twain's A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court was to write a similar time travel novel (Lest Darkness Fall) in which the method of time travel was rationalized and the hero's technical expertise both set at a believable level and constrained by the technological limitations of the age.[6][8]
In like fashion, he reimagined
Science fiction
De Camp's science fiction is marked by his interests in linguistics, ancient history, and the history and philosophy of science.
De Camp's treatment of
His most extended work was his "
Fantasy
De Camp was best known for his light fantasy, particularly two series written in collaboration with Pratt, the
He was also known for his sword and sorcery, a fantasy genre revived partly by his editorial work on and continuation of Robert E. Howard's Conan cycle.[2][22][26] He also edited a series of fantasy anthologies credited with helping to spark the renaissance of heroic fantasy in the late 1960s.[27]
De Camp also created three noteworthy sword and sorcery sequences. The Pusadian series (from 1951), composed of the novel The Tritonian Ring and several short stories, is set in an antediluvian era similar to Howard's.
More substantial is the Novarian series (from 1968), of which the core is the Reluctant King trilogy, beginning with The Goblin Tower, de Camp's most accomplished effort in the genre, continuing in The Clocks of Iraz, and concluding with The Unbeheaded King. The trilogy features the adventurer Jorian, ex-king of Xylar. Jorian's world is an alternate reality to which our own serves as an afterlife. Other novels in the sequence include The Fallible Fiend, a satire told from the point of view of a demon, and The Honorable Barbarian, a follow-up to the trilogy featuring Jorian's brother as the hero.
The Incorporated Knight series comprises some 1970s short stories by de Camp and two novels written in collaboration with Catherine Crook de Camp,
Historical fiction
De Camp also wrote historical fiction set in the era of classical antiquity from the height of the
Nonfiction
De Camp's first book was Inventions and Their Management, co-written with Alf K. Berle and published by International Textbook Company in 1937: a 733-page book with a three-page list of law cases cited.[1][28]
He enjoyed
He explained how
Some others of his many and wide-ranging nonfiction works were (a United States government textbook).
Published in the July 1938 issue of Astounding Science Fiction, "Language for Time Travelers" won de Camp the first non-fiction readership monthly honor awarded in the magazine for his exploration of the communication difficulties for time travelers as pronunciation and semantics shift over time.[7]
De Camp's pioneering biographies of fantasy writers were many short articles and full-length studies of
De Camp also wrote nonfiction radio scripts for Voice of America.[12]
De Camp wrote a number of lesser-known but nonetheless significant works that explored such topics as racism, which he wrote could be more accurately described as ethnocentrism, noting that no scholar comparing the merits of various ethnicities has ever sought to prove that his own ethnicity was inferior to others.[33] Isaac Asimov recalled de Camp finding the tendency of authors to portray human characters in outer-space science fiction as superior to aliens analogous to northern Europeans imagining they had some inherent superiority over other races.[34]
Awards and honors
De Camp and
At a meeting of the executive council of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI) in Denver, Colorado, in April 2011, De Camp was selected for inclusion in CSI's Pantheon of Skeptics. The Pantheon of Skeptics was created by CSI to remember the legacy of deceased fellows of CSI and their contributions to the cause of scientific skepticism.[37] CSI was previously known as the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP).[38]
In popular culture
L. Sprague de Camp has been depicted in fictional works by a number of other authors. Randall Garrett conflated him with J. R. R. Tolkien's Gandalf in the character of the magician "Sir Lyon Gandolphus Gray" in his Lord Darcy series. He was the model for the "Geoffrey Avalon" character in Isaac Asimov's fictional group of mystery solvers the "Black Widowers,"[11] and the unnamed court magician in Lawrence Watt-Evans' "Return to Xanadu" (The Enchanter Completed: A Tribute Anthology for L. Sprague de Camp, 2005).
He also appears without fictional disguise in the short stories "Green Fire" by Eileen Gunn, Andy Duncan, Pat Murphy, and Michael Swanwick (Asimov's Science Fiction, April 2000) and "Father Figures" by Susan Shwartz (The Enchanter Completed: A Tribute Anthology for L. Sprague de Camp, 2005),[39] and in the novels In the Courts of the Crimson Kings (2008) by S. M. Stirling and The Astounding, the Amazing, and the Unknown (2011) by Paul Malmont.
A semi-fictionalized version of de Camp appears in the third episode of the 2017 TV series
Selected works
This selection is limited to books.
Science fiction
- alternate historynovel that helped define the genre and remains in print after more than 70 years.
- The Wheels of If and Other Science Fiction (1948) – early collection of de Camp's short fiction, including "The Wheels of If"
- Genus Homo (1950) (with P. Schuyler Miller) – first science fiction novel de Camp had a hand in, possibly the earliest work of fiction dealing with the "Planet of the Apes" theme
- The Hand of Zei (1950) – the best of the early Krishna novels
- Rogue Queen (1951) – one of the earliest science fiction novels to deal with sexual themes
- The Continent Makers and Other Tales of the Viagens (1953) – collection of most of the shorter works in the Viagens Interplanetarias series
- The Virgin of Zesh (1953) – Krishna novel noted for the early use (for science fiction) of a strong female protagonist and a possible influence on Daniel Keyes's Flowers for Algernon
- The Glory That Was (1960) – a tour de force incorporating most of de Camp's major interests into one work
- A Gun for Dinosaur and Other Imaginative Tales (1963) – collection of some of the best of de Camp's early fiction, including "A Gun for Dinosaur" and "Aristotle and the Gun"
- The Best of L. Sprague de Camp (1978) – a mid-career review collecting de Camp's best short works
Fantasy
- The Incomplete Enchanter (1941) (with Fletcher Pratt) – first of the de Camp/Pratt collaborations, including the earliest Harold Shea stories
- Land of Unreason (1942) (with Fletcher Pratt) – best of the non-series de Camp/Pratt collaborations
- The Undesired Princess (1951) – earliest of de Camp's major fantasies not written in collaboration with Pratt; set in an Aristotelian universe
- Tales from Gavagan's Bar (1953, exp. 1978) (with Fletcher Pratt) – collected edition of de Camp and Pratt's second major fantasy series
- The Tritonian Ring and Other Pusadian Tales (1953) – collection of the earlier works in the Pusadian series, including The Tritonian Ring
- Tales of Conan (1955) (with Robert E. Howard) – collection containing the first of de Camp's "posthumous collaborations" with Howard, marking the beginning of his successful promotion of Howard's "Conan the Barbarian" character
- Conan the Adventurer (1966) (with Robert E. Howard) – collection inaugurating the paperback Conanseries, which ensured the success of the character and defined it for a generation
- The Goblin Tower (1968) – first of the Novarian series
- The Fallible Fiend (1973) – offbeat entry in the Novarian series presenting a satirical look at humanity through the eyes of a demon
Historical fiction
In chronological order:
- The Dragon of the Ishtar Gate (1961)
- The Arrows of Hercules (1965)
- An Elephant for Aristotle (1958)
- The Bronze God of Rhodes (1960)
- The Golden Wind (1969)
Anthologies
- Swords and Sorcery (1963) – pioneering sword and sorcery anthology, the first ever published
Nonfiction
- Inventions and Their Management (1937; vt. Inventions, Patents, and Their Management (1959)) (with Alf K. Berle) – de Camp's first work of nonfiction[1][28]
- Lands Beyond (1952) (with Willy Ley) – a comprehensive survey of geographical myths
- Science-Fiction Handbook (1953 (revised 1975, with Catherine Crook de Camp)) – an influential early writers' guide
- Lost Continents: the Atlantis Theme in History, Science, and Literature (1954) – the title says it all
- The Ancient Engineers (1963) – an exhaustive account of practical science through the ages prior to the modern era
- Scopes Trial
- Lovecraft: A Biography (1975) – the first major biography of H. P. Lovecraft
- Literary Swordsmen and Sorcerers (1976) – a major contribution to the historical study of modern fantasy authors
- Dark Valley Destiny: the Life of Robert E. Howard (1983) (with Catherine Crook de Camp and Jane Whittington Griffin) – the first major biography of Robert E. Howard
- The Ape-Man Within (1995) – Explores how human evolution of aggression and competition affected our historical and social development.
- Hugo Award for Best Non-Fiction Book
Linguistic studies
Some search results can be found through Google Scholar.
- 1944. Pronunciation of upstate New York place-names. American Speech 19:250-265 (Paywall)
- 1973. American English from Eastern Massachusetts. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 3:40-41 (Paywall)
- 1978. American English from Central Texas. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 8:81-82 (Paywall)
See also
- Robert E. Howard's legacy
References
- ^ a b c d e f g L. Sprague de Camp at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database (ISFDB). Retrieved April 12, 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g Pace, Eric (November 11, 2000). "L. S. de Camp, 92, Author Of Over 100 Fantasy Novels". The New York Times. p. c16. Retrieved January 2, 2020.
- ^ "None But Lucifer – H.L. Gold & L. Sprague de Camp". YouTube. November 17, 2009. Archived from the original on December 11, 2021. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
- ^ a b c d e De Camp, L. Sprague (April 7, 1985). "Talking to Ghosts". The New York Times Magazine. p. SM38.
- ^ De Camp, L. Sprague. Science-Fiction Handbook (New York: Hermitage Press, 1953), p. 177.
- ^ ISBN 978-0810309180.
- ^ ISBN 0-88355-158-6.
- ^ ISBN 9780684167404.
- Caltech). June 13, 1930. Retrieved March 29, 2013.
- ^ "Catherine Crook wed in Riverside Chapel: Alumna of Barnard College is Bride of L. Sprague de Camp". New York Times. August 13, 1939. p. D2.
- ^ a b Asimov, Isaac. I. Asimov: a Memoir (New York, Doubleday, 1994), chapter 120 "The Trap Door Spiders."
- ^ a b Thurber, Jon (November 13, 2000). "Obituaries; L. Sprague de Camp; Prolific Sci-Fi Writer". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, CA. p. B4.
- ^ Weeks, Jerome. "De Camp library for sale." The Dallas Morning News, October 24, 2005, p. 3G.
- ^ a b Cryer, Max. Common Phrases ... and the Amazing Stories Behind Them. New York: Skyhorse Publishing, 2010, page 93.
- ^ a b Hendrickson, Robert. Words and Phrase Origins. 3rd ed. New York: Facts On File, 2004, page 249.
- ^ Paxton, C. G. M., & Naish, D. "Did Nineteenth Century Marine Vertebrate Fossil Discoveries Influence Sea Serpent Reports?" In Earth Sciences History v. 38, iss. 1 (2019), pp. 16-27. https://doi.org/10.17704/1944-6178-38.1.16
- JSTOR 20872772.
- ^ Meyers, Walter E. (July 1976). "The Future History and Development of the English Language". Science Fiction Studies. 3 (2): 130–142.
- ^ a b c Power, Colleen. "DeCamp, L. (Lyon) Sprague." Reader's Guide to Twentieth-Century Science Fiction (Chicago, American Library Association, 1989), pp. 170-74.
- ^ Laughlin, Charlotte, and Levack, Daniel J. H. De Camp: An L. Sprague de Camp Bibliography. San Francisco, Underwood/Miller, 1983, p. 192.
- ^ Knight, David, ed. First Flight: Maiden Voyages in Space and Time, New York, Lancer Books, 1963, p. 9.
- ^ ISBN 9781558622050.
- JSTOR 25117723.
- ^ a b "Past Winners and Finalists". Sidewise Awards for Alternate History (uchronia.net). Retrieved April 23, 2013. This was a Special Achievement award "for seminal works in the field" among the first annual Sidewise Awards in 1996 (generally recognizing 1995 publications).
- ^ Gale, Floyd C. (December 1961). "Galaxy's 5 Star Shelf". Galaxy Science Fiction. pp. 144–147.
- ISBN 9788833051031.
- Everett F. Bleiler(New York, Scribner, 1985), vol. 2, p. 929.
- ^ a b "Inventions and their management" (first edition). Library of Congress Catalog Record. Retrieved 2013-04-12.
- ^ JSTOR 3961111.
- ^ Hartman, Matthew (February 15, 1975). "De Camp, L. Sprague; Lovecraft: A biography". Library Journal. 100 (4): 387.
- ^ Lehmann-Haupt, Christopher (January 29, 1975). "Book of the Times: The New England Horror". New York Times Book Review. p. 30.
- ^ Murphy, Brian. "Blood & Thunder: The Life & Art of Robert E. Howard: A review". October 16, 2008.
- ^ De Camp, L. Sprague. "The Breeds of Man," Analog Science Fiction and Science Fact, April 1976.
- ^ Asimov, Isaac. Gold: The Final Science Fiction Collection, HarperPrism, 1996.
- ^ a b c d
"de Camp, L. Sprague" Archived October 16, 2012, at the Locus Publications. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
- ^ "Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master" Archived July 1, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA). Retrieved April 2, 2013.
- ^ "The Pantheon of Skeptics". CSI. Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. Archived from the original on January 31, 2017. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
- ^ "CSICOP becomes CSI after thirty years". Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. November 20, 2006. Archived from the original on August 15, 2009.
- ^ Stableford, Brian. Science Fact and Science Fiction: An Encyclopedia. New York: Routledge, c2006, page 125.
External links
- L. Sprague de Camp at the Internet Book List
- L. Sprague de Camp at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
- Fletcher Pratt at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
- L. Sprague de Camp at Library of Congress, with 112 library catalog records
- sprague de camp: The Fan Site
- Yahoo Discussion Group for de Camp fans
- Listen to
- A Gun for Dinosaur on X Minus One, NBC radio, 1956