LIN28

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
LIN28A
Gene ontology
Molecular function
Cellular component
Biological process
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_024674

NM_145833

RefSeq (protein)

NP_078950

NP_665832

Location (UCSC)Chr 1: 26.41 – 26.43 MbChr 4: 133.73 – 133.75 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Lin-28 homolog A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LIN28 gene.[5][6]

LIN28 encodes an

P-bodies and stress granules.[11]

Function

Stem cell expression

LIN28 is thought to regulate the self-renewal of

LIN28 is highly expressed in human embryonic stem cells[14] and can enhance the efficiency of the formation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from human fibroblasts.[15]

Puberty

LIN28 overexpression in mice can cause gigantism and a delay in puberty onset, consistent with human genome-wide association studies suggesting that polymorphisms in the human LIN28B gene are associated with human height and puberty timing.[16] Mutations in LIN28B are associated with precocious puberty.[17]

LIN28 can regulate glucose homeostasis in mammals by increasing

PI3K-mTOR signaling and insulin sensitivity, thereby promoting resistance to high fat diet-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes.[18]
Aberrant expression of LIN28 has been seen to regulate aerobic glycolysis to facilitate cancer proliferation

Tissue regeneration

Mice genetically altered to produce LIN28 during their lifespan showed improved

hair growth[19] and healthy tissue regeneration on added puncture wounds[19] in later life stages.[19] While the mice could regenerate limbs, they could not repair damaged heart tissue. Appropriate drugs replicated the regeneration in unaltered mice, using the same metabolic paths. The drugs increased the subjects' metabolic rates, evidently causing the body to heal at higher rates. The effects of Lin28a activation faded with age.[19][20]

Structure

Models of Lin28/let-7 complexes obtained through X-ray crystallography and NMR reveal that two folded domains of Lin28 recognize two distinct RNA regions.[21][22] The domains are sufficient for inhibition of let-7 in vivo.[10][23]

Applications

LIN28 is a marker of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells[14] and has been used to enhance the efficiency of the formation of iPS cells from human fibroblasts.[15]

References

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000131914 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000050966 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. PMID 12798299
    .
  6. ^ "Entrez Gene: LIN28 lin-28 homolog (C. elegans)".
  7. PMID 26199409
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  20. PMID 23561442
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Further reading

External links

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