LOT Polish Airlines
| |||||||
Founded | 29 December 1928 CEO) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Revenue | US$ 1.86 billion (2022)[4] | ||||||
Operating income | US$ 72.3 million (2017) | ||||||
Net income | US$ 25.5 million (2022)[4] | ||||||
Profit | US$ 93.8 million (2017)[5] | ||||||
Total assets | US$ 1.39 billion (2017)[5] | ||||||
Total equity | US$ 104.4 million (2017)[5] | ||||||
Employees | 2,167 | ||||||
Website | www |
LOT Polish Airlines, legally incorporated as Polskie Linie Lotnicze LOT
During the 1930s, LOT expanded its domestic and international routes, leading to a network spanning over 10,250 km by 1939 and expanded its fleet with the acquisition of
In the post-1989 era, following the
History
Pre-war LOT of the Second Republic
When the airline was founded in 1928, Poland's
In the same year, the company's first multi-segment international flight along the route Warsaw – Lwów –
In 1938 LOT changed its name, following the
LOT during Polish People's Republic
After the Soviet occupation of Poland, from August 1944 until December 1945 the
Nine
In 1977[18] the airline's current livery (despite occasional changes, notably in corporate typography) designed by Roman Duszek and Andrzej Zbrożek, with the large 'LOT' inscription in blue on the front fuselage, and a blue tailplane was introduced, the 1929-designed Tadeusz Gronowski logo,[19] however, despite many changes in livery, was kept through the years, and to this day remains the same.[20]
In the Autumn of 1981, commercial air traffic in Poland neared collapse in the wake of the communist government's crackdown on dissenters in the country after the rise of the banned 'trade union' dissident Solidarity movement, and some Western airlines suspended their flights to Warsaw. With 13 December declaration of Martial Law that same year, all LOT connections were suspended. Charter flights to New York and Chicago resumed only in 1984, and eventually, regular flight connections were restored on 28 April 1985. Tupolev Tu-154 mid-range airliners were acquired, after the withdrawal of Il-18 and Tu-134 aircraft from LOT's fleet in the 1980s, and were deployed successively on most European and Middle East routes. In 1986 transatlantic charter flights also reached Detroit and Los Angeles.
Post-1989 LOT Polish Airlines
After the
LOT was among the first Central European airlines to operate American aircraft when the Boeing 767 was introduced; the 767s were used to operate LOT's longest-ever connection, to Singapore. By the end of 1989 LOT had achieved much: it had hosted that year's IATA congress and achieved a milestone annual load-factor of 2.3 million passengers carried over the year.
In 1990 LOT's third Boeing 767–300 landed at Warsaw Chopin Airport and not long after Boeing 737 and ATR 72 aircraft were acquired for use on LOT's expanded route network, which began to include new international destinations such as Kyiv, Lviv, Minsk and Vilnius. Soon thereafter, in 1993, LOT began to expand its Western-European operations, inaugurating, in quick succession, flights to Oslo, Frankfurt and Düsseldorf; operations at Poland's other regional airports outside Warsaw were also duly expanded around this time.
In 1994 the airline signed a
Expansion of LOT's route network continued in the early 2000s and the potential of the airline's hub at
LOT created low-cost arm Centralwings in 2004,[22] however, the company was dissolved and reincorporated into LOT after just five years of operating due to its long-term unprofitability and LOT's wish to redeploy aircraft within its fleet.
Recent developments
In 2008 LOT opened a new flight to Beijing, however, this lasted just a month, in the period before the Olympics. The reason for failure to continue this service was given as the need to route aircraft via an air corridor to the south of Kazakhstan (as LOT did not have permission for flights over Siberia from the Russian government) which was making the services too long and thus unprofitable.[23]
LOT started new services to Yerevan, Armenia, Beirut, Lebanon and resumed Tallinn, Estonia, Kaliningrad, Russia, Gothenburg, Sweden and Bratislava, Slovakia with its newly acquired Embraer aircraft in summer 2010, and in October of the same year LOT resumed service to Asia, with three weekly flights on the Warsaw – Hanoi route. In addition to this, new services to Tbilisi, Damascus and Cairo were inaugurated.
In 2010 LOT cancelled flights, after 14 years of operation, between Kraków and the US destinations of Chicago and New York, citing profitability concerns and lack of demand. The last US-Kraków flight departed on 27 October 2010 from Chicago O'Hare. The aircraft previously used on this route were then re-deployed to serve LOT's Warsaw-Hanoi route.[24] This route to Hanoi (the Vietnamese capital) was largely under-utilised by European carriers and has proved very successful for LOT in the beginning.
On 31 May 2010, CEO of LOT Sebastian Mikosz stated that the airline will be replacing its fleet to meet a goal of one-third new by 2011. Replacement already started with
On 5 February 2011, the new CEO of LOT, Marcin Piróg, announced that the airline was considering to open services to Baku, Sochi, Stuttgart, Oslo, Gothenburg, Dubai, Kuwait and Ostrava from its Warsaw hub in the near future. Previously planned flights to Donetsk in Ukraine had already been inaugurated, as had Tokyo, and the resumption of Beijing flights. This became feasible since the finalizing of an agreement on Siberian overflight permits for LOT by the Polish and Russian governments in November 2011.[25] As a result of the new agreement, LOT received new take-off and landing slots at Moscow's Sheremetyevo International Airport. Although delayed from the original plans, LOT began flights to Tokyo on 13 January 2016, with flights three times per week.[26]
In 2010/11 LOT also announced its new 'East meets West' route expansion policy, which saw the airline add several new Asian destinations to its schedule over the coming years. The policy aimed to take advantage of LOT's perspectives as a transit airline and the substantial passenger growth seen on Europe-Asia flights in recent years. Also, in line with this policy LOT introduced
In June 2012 LOT announced all services to New York would be centralized from Newark and JFK Terminal 4 to
to increase the number of onward connections available to its customers. In July 2012 it was announced that a planned sale of a major stake in the airline to Turkish Airlines would not go ahead. The main problem was the inability of Turkish Airlines to own a majority stake as it is a non-European Union company.[29][30]Amidst a restructuring plan which saw the airline return to profitability for the first time in seven years, a 22 June 2015 press conference revealed details about the airline's prospects. These include reinstating routes renounced as part of EU sanctions imposed following Polish government aid granted to ensure the airline's survival, as well as new long haul routes to Asia and North America.
Air Lease Corporation confirmed on 13 October 2016, the placement of six Boeing 737 MAX 8 aircraft with LOT, and options to lease five further aircraft of the same type. Long haul plans saw the addition of further Boeing 787 aircraft, increasing the total to 16. The airline is currently evaluating the economics of future narrow body and wide body acquisitions to broaden expansion initiatives. The airline's CEO stated they are evaluating the Airbus A220 and Embraer E-Jet-E2 families, as well as the Boeing 787 Dreamliner and Airbus A350 XWB offerings.[31]
In May 2018, LOT Polish Airlines started scheduled flights from outside Poland beginning with long-haul routes to
two months later. The latter two flights were suspended in early 2020 due to coronavirus pandemicOn January 24, 2020, Owner of LOT, the Polish Aviation Group (Polska Grupa Lotnicza or PGL) announced that it would acquire Condor Flugdienst.[32] On 2 April 2020 it was announced that the sale had fallen through.[33][34]
The company temporarily suspended operations on 15 March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic,[35] and domestic Polish flights restarted only on 1 June 2020,[36] while international flights were resumed on a very limited basis from 1 July 2020.
In July 2021, LOT Polish Airlines recorded a net loss of US$365.2 million in 2020, with a loss on sales of $138.1 million.[37]
Corporate affairs
Privatisation
Currently, the airline is wholly owned by Polish Aviation Group (Polish: Polska Grupa Lotnicza S. A.), a Polish state-owned holding company.[38]
LOT was intended to be privatised in 2011.[39] Although advanced talks were undertaken with Turkish Airlines a deal failed to materialise. This was largely due to the inability of Turkish Airlines, as a non-EU airline, to buy a majority of the airline.[29] LOT lost 145.5 million złote (PLN) in 2011, compared to a 163.1 million PLN loss in 2010.
LOT saw a return to profitability in 2016, with profits of 183.5 million and more than 280 million PLN respectively.[clarification needed][40] The profits led the then finance minister Mateusz Morawiecki to suggest they were a result of his government's policies. He also accused the previous Civic Platform government of leading the airline to either bankruptcy or "accelerated privatisation".[41]
Subsidiaries
- Current subsidiaries
- LOT Charters, wholly owned subsidiary operating charter flights for Polish tour operators.
- LOT Flight Academy
- Former subsidiaries
- Nordica, 49% stake was owned by LOT between 2016 and 2020.
- EuroLOT, a formerly wholly owned subsidiary airline, founded on 1 July 1997. The Polish Treasury owned 62.1 percent while LOT retained 37.9 percent. However, it was confirmed in July 2012 that LOT wished to sell its remaining stake in EuroLOT, as part of its privatization scheme.[42]However, on 6 February 2015, the decision was taken to liquidate the airline and transfer the majority of its fleet to LOT.
- Centralwings, a low-cost subsidiary that was operational between 2004 and 2009.
Destinations
LOT Polish Airlines serves a network of European destinations in addition to flights in Asia, the Middle East, and North America.[citation needed]
LOT Polish Airlines has codeshare agreements with the following airlines:[43]
- Aegean Airlines
- Aeroflot (suspended)[44][45]
- Air Astana
- airBaltic
- Air Canada
- Air China
- Air India
- Air Moldova
- Air New Zealand
- All Nippon Airways
- Asiana Airlines
- Austrian Airlines
- Croatia Airlines
- EgyptAir[46]
- El Al[47]
- JetBlue[48]
- Lufthansa
- Luxair
- Scandinavian Airlines
- Singapore Airlines[49]
- Swiss International Air Lines
- TAP Air Portugal
- Turkish Airlines
Fleet
Current fleet
As of March 2024[update], LOT Polish Airlines operates the following aircraft:[50][51]
Aircraft | In service | Orders | Passengers | Notes | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | E+ | E | Total | Refs | ||||
Airbus A330-900
|
1 | — | 30 | 21 | 235 | 286 | [52] | Leased from Air Belgium[51]
|
Boeing 737-800
|
6 | — | – | – | 186 | 186 | [53] | |
Boeing 737 MAX 8
|
11 | 11[54] | – | – | 186 | 186 | [55] | Additional orders to be delivered until 2025.[54] |
Boeing 787-8
|
8 | — | 18 | 21 | 213 | 252 | [56] | First European 787 operator.[57] |
Boeing 787-9
|
7 | — | 24 | 21 | 249 | 294 | [58] | |
Embraer E170
|
5 | — | – | – | 76 | 76 | [59] | |
Embraer E175
|
13 | — | – | – | 82 | 82 | [60] | |
2 | VIP | Permanently chartered to the Ministry of National Defence. | ||||||
Embraer E190
|
8 | — | – | – | 106 | 106 | [61] | |
Embraer E195
|
15 | — | – | – | 112 | 112 | [62] | |
118 | 118 | |||||||
Total | 74 | 11 |
Historic fleet
This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2024) |
Aircraft | Total | Year introduced | Year retired | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aero Ae-45 | 3 | 1952 | 1957 | Used for taxi flights.[63] |
Antonov An-24 | Unknown | 1966 | 1991 | Twenty bought by 1977[64] |
Antonov An-26 | Unknown | 1974 | Unknown | Leased from Polish Air Force.[65] Operated for LOT Cargo |
ATR 42 | 13 | 2002 | 2013 | Replaced by De Havilland Canada DHC-8-400 |
ATR 72 | 10 | 1991 | 2014 | |
Boeing 737-300
|
4 | 1996 | 2005 | |
Boeing 737-400
|
10 | 1993 | 2020 | |
Boeing 737-500
|
12 | 1992 | 2012 | |
Boeing 737-700
|
1 | 2019 | 2020 | [66][67] |
Boeing 767-200ER
|
2 | 1989 | 2008 | Replaced Ilyushin Il-62. |
Boeing 767-300ER
|
7 | 1990 | 2013 | |
Bombardier CRJ-700ER
|
2 | 2016 | 2020 | Leased from Nordica. |
Bombardier CRJ-900ER
|
12 | 2016 | 2020 | |
Cessna UC-78 | Unknown | 1946 | 1950 | Fourteen bought from US military surplus after World War II, used for training and taxi flights.[68] |
Convair 240[69] | Unknown | 1957 | 1966 | |
De Havilland Canada Dash 8 Q400 | 12 | 2015 | 2023 | [70] |
Douglas DC-2 | 3 | 1935 | 1939 | [71] |
Douglas DC-3 | Unknown | 1946 | 1959 | Nine bought from US military surplus after World War II[72] |
Douglas DC-8-62 | Unknown | 1988 | 1988 | |
Embraer 145
|
14 | 1999 | 2011 | |
Fokker 100 | Unknown | 2016 | 2016 | Leased from Carpatair |
Fokker F.VII/1m | 6 | 1929 | 1939 | [73] |
Fokker F.VII/3m | 13 | |||
Junkers F.13[73]
|
Unknown | 1929 | 1936 | |
Junkers Ju 52/3mge | Unknown | 1936 | 1939 | One received in exchange for nine Junkers F-13s[71] |
Ilyushin Il-12B[63] | Unknown | 1949 | 1957 | |
Ilyushin Il-14P[74] | Unknown | 1955 | 1961 | |
Ilyushin Il-18 | Unknown | 1961 | 1990 | |
Ilyushin Il-62[75] | Unknown | 1972 | 1992 | |
Lisunov Li-2[76] | Unknown | 1945 | 1969 | Version of Douglas DC-3 built in the Soviet Union |
Lockheed L-10A Electra[71] | Unknown | 1936 | 1939 | |
Lockheed L-14H Super Electra[71] | Unknown | 1938 | 1940 | |
McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30
|
Unknown | 1994 | 1996 | |
PWS-24 | Unknown | 1933 | 1939 | The only series-built Polish design used[13] |
PZL.4 | Unknown | 1933 | 1935 | Prototype Polish airliner, one tested[77] |
PZL.44 Wicher | Unknown | 1939 | 1939 | Prototype Polish airliner, one tested[71] |
SNCASE SE.161/1 Languedoc | Unknown | 1947 | 1950 | All grounded in 1948[63] |
Tupolev Tu-134 | 5 | 1968 | 1994 | [65] |
Tupolev Tu-134A | 7 | |||
Tupolev Tu-154 | Unknown | 1986 | 1995 | Replaced by Boeing 737 Classic series |
Vickers Viscount | Unknown | 1962 | 1967 | Purchased second-hand[69] |
Yakovlev Yak-40 | Unknown | 1982 | 1989 |
Fleet development
- On 7 September 2005, the airline ordered seven Boeing 787-8s (with two options and five purchase rights) for its long-haul operations.[78] On 19 February 2007 the airline converted one option to make a total of eight 787s on order.[79] On 7 March 2011 Boeing officially notified LOT Polish Airlines that the delivery of the 787 would be delayed for another year. The airline planned to use the 787 on its Warsaw-Chicago route on 16 January 2013,[80] but the type was grounded on that same day due to issues with its batteries. On 25 April 2013, LOT announced that it would resume its 787 services on 5 June 2013.[81]
- On 4 May 2010, LOT converted four Embraer E-175 orders to Embraer E-195 orders. The delivery of these aircraft began in March 2011.[citation needed]
- On 8 June 2010, the Ministry of National Defence of the Republic of Poland leased two E175 aircraft from LOT to transport senior government officials on short/medium-haul flights until the end of 2018.[citation needed]
- In 2016 the airline signed contracts for eleven leased Boeing 737 MAX 8 aircraft (six firm commitments and five options), with deliveries starting in late 2017.[82]
- On 24 April 2018, LOT announced the purchase of three additional Boeing 787–9 aircraft, bringing the total of the −9 variant to seven of the fifteen Boeing 787s expected to be in the fleet by October 2019.[citation needed]
- On 15 July 2022, LOT announced that they are favoring the Embraer Regional Jet fleet, with a 60 jet order valuing US$2.1 Billion.[citation needed]
Corporate identity
With the delivery of new Boeing 787 long-haul aircraft in 2011/12, LOT introduced a new livery. This design was intended to retain the tradition and spirit of LOT with no major or radical changes to the livery applied to the airline's aircraft. The blue nose and broad cheat-line were removed; the 'POLSKIE LINIE LOTNICZE' title on each aircraft's starboard side was replaced with the words 'POLISH AIRLINES'. The tailplane's design was changed only slightly, with the colours of the traditional encircled crane logo being inverted and the circle becoming a more simple outline ring.[83]
Several Embraer aircraft have special advertising liveries, while one E-175 was repainted as a retrojet into the 1945 livery that was used with some modifications until the 1970s.
Livery 1935–1939, 1945–1956
Airliners featured all-natural metal silvery color, with a black crane logo on the tail, and a small black inscription: POLSKIE LINIE LOTNICZE „LOT" under or above the window line. Before 1939, there was also a rounded inscription: LOT above passenger doors (apart from Ju 52, which also differed in having black engine covers and nacelles).[71]
After World War II, the aircraft mostly wore a similar all-natural metal scheme, with the airline name above the window line.
Livery 1956–1976
This livery featured blue mid-level broad cheatline on the window line, with the fuselage a white colour above the cheatline and unpainted below. Early versions of this livery also featured thin blue stripes above and below the cheatline and a white tail, with small black crane logo on the fin and medium-size Polish flag on the rudder.[76] Above the cheatline there was black inscription in italics: POLSKIE LINIE LOTNICZE »LOT«. There was also a long black stylized crane below the cockpit on most aircraft.[76] In the early 1960s, the scheme was modernized and featured the blue cheatline without upper and lower stripes, and a blue tail fin and rudder. The Polish flag was much larger on the tail, while the crane logo was above the flag, on a white circle.[74] There was also another Polish flag on the cheatline, behind the cockpit.[74] On Il-18s and Il-62s, the cheatline was narrower, below the window line.[84][75]
Livery 1977–2010s
LOT's iconic livery was introduced in 1977 and has undergone no major changes.[84] The livery is essentially a predominantly white scheme with elements of traditional aviation design incorporated. The latter elements were visible in the design of the LOT livery as an area of dark blue under the cockpit windscreen, the long cheat-line painted down the side of the fuselage and the large traditional logo which is emblazoned on the tailplane.
Aircraft naming
Ilyushin Il-62 aircraft were named after famous Polish people, with the first-named
-
A Li-2 in the 1960s livery.
-
SP-LSB, an Ilyushin IL-18V in the pre-1970s livery.
-
A LOTEmbraer 170in the 1970s livery.
-
A LOTEmbraer 170in the 2010s livery.
Loyalty programme and lounges
Miles & More
LOT uses Lufthansa's frequent-flyer program, called Miles & More. Miles & More members can earn miles on LOT flights and Star Alliance partner flights, as well as through LOT credit cards and purchases made through LOT Polish Airlines shops. Status within Miles & More is determined by miles flown during one calendar year with specific partners. Membership levels include Basic (no minimal threshold), Frequent Traveller (Silver, 35,000-mile threshold), Senator (Gold, 100,000-mile threshold), and HON Circle (Black, 600,000-mile threshold over two calendar years). All non-basic Miles & More status levels offer lounge access and executive bonus miles, with the higher levels offering more exclusive benefits.
Polonez Lounge
LOT
Accidents
Fatal
- On 1 December 1936, a LOT Lockheed Model 10 Electra (registered SP-AYB) hit a tree near Malakasa in Greece due to fog; a pilot was killed, six people were injured.[87]
- On 28 December 1936, a LOT Lockheed Model 10 Electra (registered SP-AYA) crashed near Susiec in Poland due to icing; two passengers and a mechanic died, three people were injured.[87]
- On 11 November 1937, a LOT Lockheed Model 10 Electra (registered SP-AYD) crashed near Warsaw during its landing approach in bad weather, causing the death of four passengers.[87]
- On 23 November 1937, a LOT Douglas DC-2-115D (registered SP-ASJ) crashed in Bulgaria's Pirin Mountains in bad weather, killing all six on board. The aircraft was operating a scheduled Thessaloniki-Sofia passenger service.[88]
- On 22 July 1938 at 17:38 local time, a LOT Lockheed 14H Super Electra (registered SP-BNG) crashed into a hill at Negrilesa, near Stulpicani, Romania, killing all 14 on board; the cause of the crash was unknown, but the aircraft was probably struck by lightning. The aircraft was operating a scheduled Warsaw-Lwów (now Lviv)-Czerniowce (now Chernovtsy)-Bucharest-Thessaloniki passenger service.[89][87]
- On 15 November 1951 at approximately 09:00 local time, a LOT Lisunov Li-2 (registered SP-LKA) crashed near Tuszyn in bad weather and low visibility conditions, killing all 15 passengers and three crew on board. The aircraft had been on a scheduled flight from Łódź to Kraków.[90]
- One passenger died on 19 March 1954, when a LOT Li-2 (registered SP-LAH) collided with a hill near Gruszowiec following the blackout of a radio navigation beacon.[91]
- On 14 June 1957 at 23:10 local time, Flight 232 from Warsaw to Moscow, which was operated by using an Ilyushin Il-14 (registered as SP-LNF) crashed during approach to Moscow's Vnukovo International Airport in bad weather and visibility conditions, killing five of the eight passengers and four of the five crew members.[92]
- On 25 August 1960, a LOT Li-2 (registered SP-LAL) crashed near Tczew while on a survey flight over the Vistula River floods, killing six.[93]
- On 19 December 1962, a LOT stall situation, killing all 28 passengers and five crew members on board. The aircraft had been on a scheduled flight from Brussels to Warsaw with an intermediate stop at East Berlin.[94]
- On 20 August 1965 at 13:08 UTC, another LOT Vickers Viscount (registered SP-LVA) crashed near
- On 2 April 1969 at 16:08 local time, a LOT Antonov An-24W (registered SP-LTF), crashed into Polica, a mountain near Zawoja. The aircraft with 48 passengers and five crew on board had been operating Flight 165 from Warsaw to Kraków when the pilots lost orientation because of a snowstorm. There were no survivors.[96]
- On 13 May 1977, a LOT Beirut International Airport, but the pilots had encountered language difficulties when communicating with the local air traffic controllers. The aircraft was the property of the Polish Air Force and was flown by military pilots and had previously transported weapons for the Lebanese Civil War, when it crashed it was carrying a cargo of veal.[97][98]
- On 14 March 1980 at around 11:00 local time, LOT Flight 007 from New York City to Warsaw crashed during a landing attempt at Warsaw-Okecie Airport, killing all 77 passengers and 10 crew members on board the Ilyushin Il-62 (registration SP-LAA), including singer Anna Jantar. The pilots had encountered a landing gear problem and began the standard go-around procedure, during which a shaft in the no. 2 engine disintegrated, damaging the rudder and elevator control lines, and causing the aircraft to enter an uncontrolled dive.[99]
- On 26 March 1981, a LOT An-24 (registered SP-LTU) crash-landed near Słupsk after the crew lost situational awareness during a non-precision twin locator approach, killing one passenger. The other 46 passengers and four crew survived, leaving the aircraft through a breach in the fuselage. The fatality was a passenger whose legs were trapped under broken seats and who died in the post-crash fire.[100]
- On 9 May 1987 at 11:12 local time, elevators.[101]
- On 2 November 1988,
Other incidents and accidents
- On 18 August 1938, a LOT Lockheed 14H Super Electra (registered SP-BNJ) was destroyed by a fire in Bucharest after one of its tires burst and the left wing struck the ground.[87]
- On 24 July 1940, a LOT Lockheed 14H2 Super Electra (registered SP-BPK) was deliberately crashed at Bucharest; the aircraft was sold to LOT on 20 March 1939 and seized by Romania on 2 September 1939 at the outbreak of World War II.[103]
- On 26 May 1948, a LOT Lisunov Li-2T (registered SP-LBC) was written off near Popowice.[104]
- On 28 March 1950, a LOT Douglas DC-3 (registered SP-LCC) was damaged beyond repair in a crash landing.[105]
- Only one day later, on 29 March 1950, the airline lost another aircraft (a Lisunov Li-2, registration SP-LBA) in a crash.[106]
- On 19 May 1952, a LOT Li-2 (registered SP-LBD) was damaged beyond repair in a crash landing near Sowina.[107]
- On 18 July of the same year, an Ilyushin Il-12 (registered SP-LHC) was written off in crash landing at Warsaw-Okecie Airport.[108]
- On 15 March 1953, a LOT Douglas DC-3 (registered SP-LCH) crashed near Katowice.[109]
- On 14 April 1955, a Lisunov Li-2 (SP-LAE) crashed near Katowice, with none of the 15 persons on board being killed.[110]
- On 11 April 1958, a LOT Convair CV-240 (registered SP-LPB) crash-landed near Warsaw and was damaged beyond repair after it had lost one propeller in mid-flight. There were only four people on board who had operated a training flight with the aircraft; all of them survived.[111]
- On 16 December 1963, a Lisunov Li-2T (registered SP-LBG) was damaged beyond repair when it overshot the runway on landing at Warsaw-Okecie Airport. The twelve passengers and three crew on board survived.[112]
- On 24 January 1969 at 17:30 local time, a LOT Wrocław in poor visibility conditions, and crashed. The aircraft had been operating Flight 149 from Warsaw with 44 passengers and four crew members on board, all of whom survived.[113]
- On 19 April 1973, an Antonov An-24 (registered SP-LTN) crashed during a training flight near Rzeszów.[114]
- On 23 January 1980, a Tupolev Tu-134 (registered SP-LGB) was damaged beyond repair when it overshot the runway on landing at Warsaw-Okecie Airport and erupted in flames.[115]
- On 31 December 1993 at 10:20 local time, a Boeing 767-300ER (registered SP-LPA) operating Flight 2 from Chicago to Warsaw received substantial damage to its nose gear in a hard landing incident at Warsaw Chopin Airport.[116]
- On 1 November 2011 a gear-up landing on runway 33 at Warsaw Chopin, which is exceptionally rare for modern airliners to do.[117] The aircraft, captained by Tadeusz Wrona, managed to make a successful gear-up landing with no injuries or fatalities. The aircraft was written off, and runway 15/33 at Chopin Airport was shut for some time to repair the damage sustained on the runway, including some lights that were destroyed when the aircraft slid over them.
- On 10 January 2018 a Bombardier Dash 8 Q400 (SP-EQG) operating as LO3924 from Krakow to Warsaw reported landing gear issues. Warsaw Chopin Airport was shut down for four hours after an emergency landing there around 19:30 local time with a failed nose gear. There were no reported injuries to 59 passengers on board.[119]
Communist-era hijacking asylum attempts
During the
- On 16 September 1949, five armed people forced a LOT flight from Nyköping in Sweden.[120]
- On 16 December of the same year, another aircraft on the same route was hijacked, this time it diverted to Bornholm Airport in Denmark. Of the 15 passengers and three crew members on board, 16 decided to claim political asylum.[121]
- On 16 October 1969, a LOT Antonov An-24 (registered SP-LTK) was hijacked by two passengers en route a flight from Warsaw to East Berlin and forced to divert to Berlin Tegel Airport, serving West Berlin.[122]
- Another hijacking of a LOT An-24 occurred on 20 November of the same year, this time on a flight from Wrocław to Bratislava, when two passengers forced the pilots to land at Vienna International Airport.[123]
- On 5 June 1970, a LOT An-24 with 24 people on board was hijacked during a flight from Szczecin to Gdańsk and forced to land at Copenhagen Airport in Denmark, where police forces stormed the aircraft and arrested the perpetrator.[124]
- On 9 June 1970, another hijacking attempt occurred on a LOT flight from Katowice to Warsaw, but the two persons involved were overpowered.[125]
- On 7 August 1970, one passenger on board a LOT An-24 flying from Szczecin to Katowice forced the pilots to divert to Germany. As he did not specify his demands any further, the aircraft landed at Berlin Schönefeld Airport in East Germany, where he was arrested.[126]
- On 19 August 1970, five passengers on board a LOT Ilyushin Il-14 en route a scheduled flight from Gdańsk to Warsaw forced the pilots to divert to Bornholm Airport in Denmark.[127]
- On 26 August 1970, three persons on board a LOT An-24 on a flight from Katowice to Warsaw demanded to be taken to Austria. The pilots returned the aircraft to Katowice Airport instead, where the perpetrators were arrested.[128]
- On 4 November 1976, a LOT Tupolev Tu-134 (registered SP-LHD) was forced by two passengers to leave its scheduled route from Copenhagen to Warsaw and land at Vienna International Airport instead, where they surrendered to local police forces.[129]
- On 24 April 1977 another LOT Tu-134 (registered SP-LGA) was hijacked, this time on a flight from Kraków-Balice Airport, where the aircraft was stormed and the hijacker arrested.[130]
- Another hijacking attempt was suppressed on 18 October 1977 on board a LOT An-24 (registered SP-LTH) en route from Katowice to Warsaw.[131]
- On 30 August 1978, Flight 165 en route from Gdańsk to East Berlin was hijacked by two East German citizens who forced the pilots to land the Tu-134 involved (registered SP-LGC) at Berlin Tempelhof Airport in West Berlin. Apart from the hijackers, another six people decided to claim political asylum, thus making it one of the largest successful escapes over the Berlin Wall.[132]
- On 4 December 1980, a LOT An-24 (registered SP-LTB) was hijacked during a flight from Zielona Góra to Warsaw and forced to land at Berlin-Tegel Airport.[133]
- SP-LTB was involved in another hijacking attempt on 10 January 1981, when four passengers demanded to be taken to a Western country during a flight from Katowice to Warsaw. This time, the pilots continued to Warsaw-Okecie Airport, though, where the perpetrators were arrested.[134]
- An Antonov An-24 (registered SP-LTI) was forced to land at Tempelhof Airport in West Berlin on 21 July 1981, after having been hijacked during a flight from Katowice to Gdańsk.[135]
- On 5 August 1981, another hijacking attempt occurred on board SP-LTI while it was flying from Katowice to Gdańsk, but the perpetrator was restrained and arrested upon landing at Gdańsk Airport.[136]
- On 11 August, another hijacking attempt on the Katowice to Gdańsk route was foiled, again on an Antonov An-24 (registered SP-LTT).[137]
- On 22 August 1981, a hijacker succeeded in his demands that the aircraft involved (an An-24 registered SP-LTC) be diverted to West Berlin's Tegel Airport from its original route from Wrocław to Warsaw.[138]
- On 18 September 1981 twelve passengers rioted on board an Antonov An-24 (registered SP-LTG) on a flight from Katowice to Warsaw and demanded the aircraft be diverted to West Berlin. A Mil Mi-8 helicopter of the Soviet military tried to intercept the aircraft before landing at Tegel Airport, but failed to do so.[139]
- On 22 September four passengers tried to hijack a LOT flight from Warsaw to Koszalin, but the pilots returned the An-24 (registered SP-LTK) to Warsaw-Okecie Airport instead, where the perpetrators were arrested.[140]
- A week later on 29 September 1981, one hijacker demanded an Antonov An-12 (registered SP-LTP) on a flight from Warsaw to Szczecin be diverted to West Berlin; again the pilots landed the aircraft in Warsaw.[141]
- On 30 April 1982, eight passengers forced a LOT An-24 (registered SP-LTG), that was operating a flight from Wrocław to Warsaw, to divert to Berlin-Tegel Airport.[142]
- On 9 June 1982, two hijackers on board a LOT flight from Katowice to Warsaw demanded the pilots to divert to West Germany. Instead, the aircraft landed in Poland and the perpetrators were arrested.[143]
- On 25 August 1982, two passengers forced the LOT flight from Munich Riem Airport.[144]
- On 22 November 1982 the flight from Wrocław to Warsaw (operated by an An-24 registered SP-LTK) was forced to land at Berlin-Tempelhof Airport.[145]
Other
- On 25 February 1993, a man forced his way into a LOT Rzeszów-Jasionka Airport during the boarding process for Flight 702 to Warsaw, threatening to detonate a hand grenade. Police special forces stormed the aircraft in which there was a total number 30 of people at the time of the assault. The perpetrator (who proved to be unarmed) was shot at and overpowered.[146]
See also
- Transport in Poland
- List of airlines
- LOT Charters
- Nordica (airline)
References
- ^ "JO 7340.2K – Contractions – Including Change 1" (PDF). Federal Aviation Administration. 20 April 2021. p. 3-1-66. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
- ^ a b c d "History". lot.com. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
- ^ "LOT Polish Airlines on ch-aviation". ch-aviation. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
- ^ a b "LOT POLISH AIRLINES GENERATED A PROFIT OF PLN 113 MILLION IN 2022". www.lot.com.
- ^ a b c "Pasazer.com: Analiza wyników finansowych LOT-u za 2017 r." Pasazer.com.
- ^ "Behance". October 2010. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
- ^ "Najciekawsze fakty i liczby o LOT". lot.com (in Polish). Retrieved 5 February 2024.
- ^ "LOT Polish Airlines on ch-aviation". ch-aviation. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
- ^ "LOT Polish Airlines – Star Alliance". Retrieved 24 April 2015.
- ^ "LOT Polish Airlines Eyes Up-Gauge to 737 MAX and A320neo and Touts 787 Improvement". Airchive. Archived from the original on 5 April 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
- ^ a b Mazur 2016, p. 34-38
- ^ a b c d Jońca, Adam (1985). Samoloty linii lotniczych 1919–1930, p.12-13 (in Polish)
- ^ a b Jońca, Adam (1985). Samoloty linii lotniczych 1931–1939, 2nd cover, p.1 (in Polish)
- ^ "LOT Polish Airlines – book cheap flights and airline tickets on-line". Lot.com. Archived from the original on 8 February 2012. Retrieved 14 March 2012.
- ^ Mazur 2016, p. 25
- ^ Mazur 2016, p. 55-57
- ^ a b c d e f g Jońca, Adam (1985). Samoloty linii lotniczych 1945–1956, 2nd cover (in Polish)
- ^ ISBN 83-206-0530-X(in Polish)
- ^ History, LOT.com. Link accessed 28 May 2008. Archived 23 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "History of LOT's logo", LOT.com. Link accessed 28 May 2008. Archived 4 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Boeing 767-25DER". rzjets.net. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
- ^ Flight International 5–11 April 2005
- ^ "LOT bardzo szybko wychodzi na prostą – Wiadomości – Biznes w INTERIA.PL – giełda, notowania GPW, kursy walut, podatki, firma, biznes, rynek walut, spółka, podatek, GPW". Biznes.interia.pl. 16 November 2011. Archived from the original on 26 February 2012. Retrieved 14 March 2012.
- ^ "LOT rezygnuje z połączeń atlantyckich – Finanse – WP.PL". Finanse. 2 August 2010. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
- ^ "LOT: Zgoda na loty nad Syberią". Pasazer.com. Retrieved 14 March 2012.
- ^ "LOT Polish Airlines to start Warsaw-Tokyo flights in January". japantimes.co.jp. 19 June 2015. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "LOT pursues new 'east meets west' strategy ahead of 1H2012 privatisation | CAPA". Centreforaviation.com. Retrieved 14 March 2012.
- ^ "LOT Polish Airlines – Airline Tickets – lot.com". LOT.com. Archived from the original on 28 January 2013. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
- ^ a b "Turkish Airlines pulls out of LOT partnership plans – Warsaw Business Journal – Online Portal – wbj.pl". Archived from the original on 8 July 2012. Retrieved 26 July 2012.
- ^ "Warsaw Business Journal – Online Portal – wbj.pl". Archived from the original on 16 April 2013.
- ^ "Za rok LOT może przeskoczyć do stajni Airbusa! Rozważa A220 i naprawdę DUŻE maszyny". Fly4free.pl – tanie loty i sposoby na tanie bilety lotnicze.
- ^ "LOT Polish Airlines owner buys Condor". ch-aviation. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
- ^ "Germany considers Condor nationalization after Polish sale fails". Aerotime. 2 April 2020. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
- ^ "Poland's LOT Withdraws From Deal to Buy German Airline Condor". Skift. 13 April 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
- ^ "LOT Polish Airlines suspends International service 15MAR20 – 28MAR20". Routes. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "Poland to extend ban on international flights to June 16". Reuters. 6 June 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "Ponad miliard straty PLL LOT za 2020 rok". forsal.pl (in Polish). 14 July 2021. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
- ^ "Struktura własnościowa". Retrieved 21 January 2020.
- ^ "LOT plans third quarter 2011 privatisation". Retrieved 18 October 2010.
- ^ "PLL LOT coraz więcej zarabia na przewozie pasażerów". 7 August 2017. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
- ^ "PLL LOT odzyskują rentowność. Przetrwały tylko dzięki PiS?". 7 August 2017. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
- ^ "LOT chce sprzedać Eurolot". Pasazer.com. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
- ^ "LOT Polish Airlines partnership". corporate.lot.com. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
- ^ Liu, Jim (8 July 2019). "Aeroflot / LOT Polish expands codeshare network from July 2019". Routesonline. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- ^ "Codeshare flights". Aeroflot.
- ^ Liu, Jim (22 November 2017). "EGYPTAIR / LOT Polish Airlines begins codeshare partnership from Nov 2017". Routesonline. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
- ^ "El Al / LOT Polish Airlines begins codeshare service from late-Dec 2018". Routesonline.
- ^ "JetBlue and LOT Polish Airlines, set to restart interline agreement". Aviaciononline. 5 October 2022. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
- ^ Liu, Jim (28 November 2018). "LOT Polish Airlines plans Taipei codeshare service from late-Nov 2018". Routesonline. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
- ^ "Fleet". LOT Polish Airlines. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
- ^ a b "LOT Polish Airlines fleet details". Planespotters.net. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
- ^ "Airbus A330-900neo".
- ^ "Boeing 737–800".
- ^ a b aviation.direct (German) 10 March 2024
- ^ "Boeing 737 MAX 8".
- ^ "Boeing 787 Dreamliner Seat Plan". LOT Polish Airlines. Retrieved 3 November 2019.[permanent dead link]
- ^ boeing.mediaroom.com - Boeing Celebrates Delivery of LOT Polish Airlines' First 787 Dreamliner 14 November 2012
- ^ "Boeing 787–9 Dreamliner". LOT Polish Airlines. Retrieved 3 November 2019.
- ^ "Embraer 170 Seat Plan".
- ^ "Embraer 175".
- ^ "Embraer 190 Seat Plan".
- ^ "Embraer 195 Seat Plan".
- ^ a b c Jońca, Adam (1985). Samoloty linii lotniczych 1945–1956, p.15-18
- ^ Adam Jońca, Samoloty linii lotniczych 1957–1981, p.11
- ^ a b Adam Jońca, Samoloty linii lotniczych 1957–1981, p.16-19
- ^ Bobon, Gabriel (12 June 2019). "LOT va închiria de la Boeing un 737-700 care a zburat pentru Blue Air". BoardingPass.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 19 June 2019.
- ^ "LOT Polish Airlines retires only B737-700". Ch-Aviation. 18 August 2020.
- ^ Jońca, Adam (1985). Samoloty linii lotniczych 1945–1956, p.12
- ^ a b Adam Jońca, Samoloty linii lotniczych 1957–1981, p.2-6
- ^ "Historia Bombardierów Q400" [History of the Bombardier Q400s]. LOT (in Polish). Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f Jońca, Adam (1985). Samoloty linii lotniczych 1931–1939, p.13-22 (in Polish)
- ^ a b Jońca, Adam (1985). Samoloty linii lotniczych 1945–1956, p.8
- ^ a b Jońca, Adam (1985). Samoloty linii lotniczych 1919–1930, p.14-20 (in Polish)
- ^ a b c Jońca, Adam (1985). Samoloty linii lotniczych 1945–1956, p.23-24
- ^ a b c Adam Jońca, Samoloty linii lotniczych 1957–1981, p.21-22
- ^ a b c d e f Jońca, Adam (1985). Samoloty linii lotniczych 1945–1956, 4–5
- ^ Jońca, Adam (1985). Samoloty linii lotniczych 1931–1939, p.9 (in Polish)
- ^ "and LOT Polish Airlines Announce Order for Up to 14 787s". Boeing. 7 September 2005. Archived from the original on 6 November 2011. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
- ^ "and LOT Polish Airlines Finalize Order for One Additional 787 Dreamliner". Boeing. 19 February 2007. Archived from the original on 11 January 2012. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
- ^ "LOT Announces Launch Dates For New Dreamliner Service". Yahoo Finance. 17 September 2012.
- ^ "LOT's Dreamliners to fly again in June". Warsaw Business Journal. 26 April 2013. Archived from the original on 8 May 2013. Retrieved 12 May 2013.
- ^ "LOT Goes MAX". Airliner World (December 2016): 10.
- ^ air-europa.pl. "Boeing 787 Dreamliner i nowe barwy LOT | Europejski Informator Lotniczy =>". Air-Europa.pl. Archived from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 14 March 2012.
- ^ a b Jońca, Adam (1986). Samoloty linii lotniczych 1957–1981, p.8 (in Polish)
- ^ "Official page of the Lot Polish Airlines company on the website Tickets.pl". Tickets.pl.
- ^ "LOT Polish Airlines". Lot.com. Archived from the original on 24 September 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2012.
- ^ a b c d e Mazur 2016, p. 60-61
- Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 13 July 2015.
- Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 13 July 2015.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, 1951 LOT crash". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, 1954 LOT crash". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, 1957 LOT crash". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, crash of aircraft registration: SP-LAL". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, crash of aircraft registration: SP-LVB". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 7 October 2009.
- ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Antonov An-24V SP-LTF Zawoja". aviation-safety.net.
- ^ "Article covering the 1977 crash" (in Polish). Newsweek.pl. Archived from the original on 15 May 2011. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
- ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Antonov An-12BP SP-LZA Aramoun". aviation-safety.net.
- ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Ilyushin Il-62 SP-LAA Warszawa-Okecie Airport (WAW)". aviation-safety.net.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, 1981 LOT crash-landing". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Ilyushin Il-62M SP-LBG Warszawa-Okecie Airport (WAW)". aviation-safety.net.
- ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Antonov An-24V SP-LTD Rzeszów". aviation-safety.net.
- Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 13 July 2015.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, crash of aircraft registration: SP-LBC". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, crash of aircraft registration: SP-LCC". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, crash of aircraft registration: SP-LBA". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, crash of aircraft registration: SP-LBD". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, crash of aircraft registration: SP-LHC". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, crash of aircraft registration: SP-LCH". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, crash of aircraft registration: SP-LAE". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, crash of aircraft registration: SP-LAE". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, crash of aircraft registration: SP-LBG". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, crash of aircraft registration: SP-LTE". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, crash of aircraft registration: SP-LTN". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, crash of aircraft registration: SP-LBG". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, 1993 Chicago incident". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ Wall Street Journal.
- ^ Gabriela Baczynska, Marcin Goclowski and Rob Strybel (1 November 2011). "Plane carrying 230 makes emergency landing in Warsaw". Reuters.
- ^ "LOT Polish Airlines Bombardier Dash 8 Q400 suffers landing gear failure at Warsaw airport". Aviation24.be. 10 January 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, LOT September 1949 hijacking". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, LOT December 1949 hijacking". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, LOT October 1969 hijacking". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, LOT November 1969 hijacking". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, LOT 4 June 1970 hijacking". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, LOT 9 June 1970 hijacking". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, LOT 7 August 1970 hijacking". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, LOT 19 August 1970 hijacking". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, LOT 26 August 1970 hijacking". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, LOT 1976 hijacking". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, LOT April 1977 hijacking". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, LOT October 1977 hijacking". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, LOT Flight 165 hijacking". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, LOT 1980 hijacking". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, January 1981 hijacking". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, July 1981 hijacking". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, 5 August 1981 hijacking". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, 11 August 1981 hijacking". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, 22 August 1981 hijacking". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, 18 September 1981 hijacking". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, 22 September 1981 hijacking". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, 29 September 1981 hijacking". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, April 1982 hijacking". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, June 1982 hijacking". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, June 1982 hijacking". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, November 1982 hijacking". Aviation Safety Network.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network, 1993 hijacking". Aviation Safety Network.
Bibliography
- Endres, Günter G. (January 1973). "Airline History No. 29: LOT—Polish Airlines". Air Pictorial. Vol. 35, no. 1. pp. 22–28.
- Jońca, Adam (1985). Samoloty linii lotniczych 1919–1930 [Aircraft of airlines 1919–1930]. Barwa w lotnictwie polskim (in Polish). Vol. 2. Warsaw: Wydawnictwa Komunikacji i Łączności. ISBN 83-206-0485-0.
- —————— (1985). Samoloty linii lotniczych 1931–1939 [Aircraft of airlines 1931–1939]. Barwa w lotnictwie polskim (in Polish). Vol. 3. Warsaw: Wydawnictwa Komunikacji i Łączności. ISBN 83-206-0504-0.
- —————— (1985). Samoloty linii lotniczych 1945–1956 [Aircraft of airlines 1945–1956]. Barwa w lotnictwie polskim (in Polish). Vol. 4. Warsaw: Wydawnictwa Komunikacji i Łączności. ISBN 83-206-0529-6.
- —————— (1986). Samoloty linii lotniczych 1957–1981 [Aircraft of airlines 1957–1981]. Barwa w lotnictwie polskim (in Polish). Vol. 5. Warsaw: Wydawnictwa Komunikacji i Łączności. ISBN 83-206-0530-X.
- Mazur, Wojciech (2016). Samoloty komunikacyjne PLL LOT. Wielki leksykon uzbrojenia. Wrzesień 1939 (in Polish). Vol. tom 81. Warsaw: Edipresse Polska. ISBN 978-83-7945-055-8.
- Mols, Jozef (2023). LOT Polish Airlines: Wings of Central Europe. Airlines Series, Vol. 7. Stamford, Lincs, UK: Key Publishing. ISBN 9781802822601.
External links
Media related to LOT Polish Airlines at Wikimedia Commons