La Jolla

Coordinates: 32°50′24″N 117°16′37″W / 32.84000°N 117.27694°W / 32.84000; -117.27694
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
(Redirected from
La Jolla, California
)

"La Jolla, California" redirects here. This is about the neighborhood in San Diego. For the neighborhood in Orange County, see
858, 619Websitesandiego.org/la-jolla

La Jolla (/lə ˈhɔɪə/ lə HOY-ə, Latin American Spanish: [la ˈxoʝa]) is a hilly, seaside community[2] within San Diego, occupying 7 miles (11 km) of curving coastline along the Pacific Ocean. The population reported in the 2010 census was 46,781.[1][a]

La Jolla is surrounded on three sides by ocean bluffs and beaches[4] and is located 12 miles (19 km) north of downtown San Diego and 45 miles (72 km) south of the Orange County line.[5][6] There are some 16 communities in La Jolla. The climate is mild, with an average daily temperature of 70.5 °F (21.4 °C).[7][8]

La Jolla is home to many educational institutions and a variety of businesses in the areas of lodging, dining, shopping, software, finance, real estate, bioengineering, medical practice and scientific research.

Scripps Research Institute, and the headquarters of National University
(though its academic campuses are elsewhere).

History

Origin of the name

La Jolla, 1908

Local Native Americans, the Kumeyaay, called this location mat kulaaxuuy (IPA [mat kəlaːxuːj]), lit. 'land of holes' (mat = 'land').[11] The topographic feature that gave rise to the name "holes" is uncertain; it probably refers to sea-level caves located on the north-facing bluffs, which are visible from La Jolla Shores. It is suggested[citation needed] that the Kumeyaay name for the area was transcribed by the Spanish settlers as La Jolla. Another suggestion for the origin of the name is that it is an alternative spelling of the Spanish phrase la joya, which means 'the jewel'. Despite being disputed by scholars, this derivation of the name has been widely cited in popular culture.[12] This supposed origin gave rise to the nickname "The Jewel".[13] The name may also come from the Spanish La Hoya, meaning a geographic hollow. Different spelling conventions over the years would permit this to be written as La Jolla.[14] Our earliest archaeological evidence of settlement in Kumeyaay territory dates back 12,000 years.[15]

Early history

See also: List of San Diego Historical Landmarks in La Jolla
"Red Roost" and "Red Rest", two bungalow cottages built in 1894 on the road above La Jolla Cove. In recent years the cottages have been covered in tarpaulins.
The side view of "Red Roost", a bungalow cottage built in 1894, one of two that still exist on the road above La Jolla Cove

During the Mexican period of San Diego's history, La Jolla was mapped as

real estate boom
in the 1880s led speculators Frank T. Botsford and George W. Heald to further develop the sparsely settled area.

In the 1890s, the San Diego, Pacific Beach, and La Jolla Railway was built, connecting La Jolla to the rest of San Diego. La Jolla became known as a resort area. To attract visitors to the beach, the railway built facilities such as a bath house and a dance pavilion. Visitors were housed in small cottages and bungalows above La Jolla Cove, as well as a temporary tent city erected every summer. Two of the cottages that were built in 1894, the "Red Roost" and the "Red Rest", also known as the "Neptune and Cove Tea Room", still exist and are the oldest buildings in La Jolla that are still on their original site. The two cottages have been vacant since the 1980s, boarded up and covered in tarpaulins while their fate was debated. In November 2020 the Red Rest was largely destroyed by fire.[16]

The La Jolla Park Hotel opened in 1893. The Hotel Cabrillo was built in 1908 by "Squire" James A. Wilson and was later incorporated into the La Valencia Hotel.[17]

By 1900, La Jolla comprised 100 buildings and 350 residents. The first reading room (library) was built in 1898.

Mission Valley), and first postmaster.[18]

La Jolla Elementary School began educating local children in 1896.

The Bishop's School opened in 1909. La Jolla High School was established in 1922. Between 1951 and 1963, other elementary schools (Bird Rock, Decatur, Scripps, and Torrey Pines) were established in the area to ease overcrowding.[19] The La Jolla Beach and Yacht Club (later the La Jolla Beach and Tennis Club) was built in 1927.[17]

Ellen Browning Scripps

La Jolla Recreational Center

In 1896 journalist and publisher

Scripps Research Institute), and the Children's Pool. Ellen Browning Scripps also founded Scripps College, a women's college, in 1926.[20] Scripps College is located in Claremont in Los Angeles County (not to be confused with Clairemont, a community of San Diego
).

Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Scripps Institution of Oceanography pier

The Scripps Institution of Oceanography, one of the nation's oldest oceanographic institutes, was founded in 1903 by William Emerson Ritter, chair of the zoology department at the University of California, Berkeley, with financial support from Scripps and her brother E. W. Scripps. At first the institution operated out of a boathouse in Coronado. In 1905, they purchased a 170-acre (69 ha) site in La Jolla, where the Institution still stands today. The first laboratory buildings there opened in 1907. The institution became part of the University of California in 1912. Ultimately, it became the nucleus for the establishment of the University of California San Diego.

Camp Matthews

From 1917 through 1964, the United States Marine Corps maintained a military base in La Jolla. The base was used for marksmanship training and was known as Camp Calvin B. Matthews. During and after World War II, the population of La Jolla grew, causing residential development to draw close to the base, so that it became less and less suitable as a firing range because of risk to the adjacent civilian population.[21] Meanwhile, the site was being eyed as a location for a proposed new campus of the University of California. In 1962, Camp Matthews was declared surplus by the Marine Corps. The base formally closed in 1964, and that same year, the first class of undergraduates enrolled in the University of California San Diego.

University of California, San Diego

"Bear", a sculpture on the UC San Diego campus.

Local civic leaders had long toyed with the idea of a

medical school was established in 1968. The landmark Geisel Library with its Brutalist architecture opened in 1970. The university is the second largest employer in the city and has the 7th largest research expenditure in the country.[24]

Antisemitism

The Camp Matthews site for the university was selected with some hesitation; one of the concerns was "whether La Jollans in particular would lay aside old prejudices in order to welcome a culturally, ethnically, and religiously diverse professoriate into their midst".[22] La Jolla had a history of restrictive housing policies, often specified in deeds and ownership documents. In La Jolla Shores and La Jolla Hermosa, only people with pure European ancestry could own property; this excluded Jews, who were not considered white. Such "restrictive covenants" were once fairly common throughout the United States; the 1948 Supreme Court case Shelley v. Kraemer ruled them to be unenforceable, and Congress outlawed them twenty years later via the Fair Housing Act (Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968).[25] However, realtors and property owners in La Jolla continued to use more subtle ways of preventing or discouraging Jews from owning property there.[26] Revelle stated the issue bluntly: "You can't have a university without having Jewish professors. The Real Estate Broker's Association and their supporters in La Jolla had to make up their minds whether they wanted a university or an anti-Semitic covenant. You couldn't have both."[27] The issue was overcome; La Jolla now boasts a thriving Jewish population,[28] and there are four synagogues in La Jolla.[29]

Mount Soledad cross

The Christian cross on Mount Soledad
Main article: Mount Soledad Cross

Mount Soledad is an 822-foot-tall (251 m) hill on the eastern edge of La Jolla and one of the highest points in San Diego. A large Christian cross was placed at the top in 1913 as a prominent landmark. It has been replaced twice, most recently in 1954 with a 29-foot-tall (8.8 m) cross (43 feet (13 m) tall including the base). Originally known as the "Mount Soledad Easter Cross", its presence on publicly owned land was challenged in the 1980s as a violation of the separation of church and state. Since then the cross has had a war memorial built around it and was renamed "Mount Soledad Veterans War Memorial".[30]

The issue has been in almost continual litigation ever since, with the city attempting to sell or give away the land under the cross. By an act of Congress, the federal government took possession of it under eminent domain in 2006. The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit declared the cross unconstitutional in 2011, and the Supreme Court of the United States declined to hear an appeal.[31] In December 2013, U.S. District Judge Larry Burns ordered that the cross be removed within 90 days, but stayed the order pending a forthcoming appeal by the government.[32][33]

On July 20, 2015, a group called the Mt. Soledad Memorial Association reported that it had bought the land under the cross from the

Department of Defense for $1.4 million.[34] On September 7, 2016, the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals issued a one-page ruling, ordering dismissal of the case and an end to all current appeals, stating that the case was now moot because the cross was no longer on government land. Both sides agreed that this decision puts a final end to the case.[35]

Arts

La Jolla became an art colony in 1894 when Anna Held (also known as Anna Held Heinrich) established the Green Dragon Colony. This was a cluster of twelve cottages designed by Irving Gill, who had moved to San Diego only a year earlier and later became San Diego's best-known architect.[36]

The La Jolla Playhouse was founded in 1947 by Gregory Peck, Dorothy McGuire, and Mel Ferrer.[37] It became inactive in 1959, but was revived in 1983 on the University of California campus under the leadership of Des McAnuff. It now incorporates three theaters: the Mandell Weiss Theatre (1983), the Mandell Weiss Forum (1991) and the Potiker Theater (2005).

The Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego was founded in 1941 in La Jolla, in the former home of Ellen Browning Scripps (designed by Irving J. Gill). The museum has undergone several renovations and expansions, and is working on plans to triple its size.[38][39]

The La Jolla Music Society was founded in 1941 as the Musical Arts Society of La Jolla by Nikolai Sokoloff, former conductor of the Cleveland Orchestra. It presented the premieres of commissioned works in the auditorium of La Jolla High School before presenting their concerts in the Sherwood Auditorium of the Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego. Since April 2019, the Conrad Prebys Performing Arts Center is the permanent home of La Jolla Music Society and hosts world-class performances presented by LJMS as well as other San Diego arts presenters. Additionally, The Conrad will see a wide range of conferences, corporate meetings, and private events.

As a regional shopping district

In the mid-20th century,

Downtown La Jolla was a major regional retail district with branches of major department stores Walker Scott and upscale specialty department stores Saks Fifth Avenue and I. Magnin, all on Girard Avenue within walking distance of each other.[40] Boutique shopping continues there, but heavyweight retail presence, since the closing of the last downtown La Jolla department store, Saks Fifth Avenue, in 2004, has long since moved to Westfield UTC
and other adjacent shopping centers.

Geography

View looking north from above the Children's Pool
View from Horseshoe
Wipeout Beach

Demarcation

The community's border starts at Pacific Beach to the south and extends along the Pacific Ocean shoreline north to include Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve ending at Del Mar, California. La Jolla encompasses the neighborhoods[41] of Bird Rock, Windansea Beach, the commercial center known as the Village of La Jolla, Muirlands, La Jolla Shores, La Jolla Farms, Torrey Pines, and Mount Soledad to name a few.

The City of San Diego defines the community's eastern boundary as Gilman Drive and the Interstate 5 freeway[42] and the northern boundary as UCSD.[43]

The United States Postal Service defines a somewhat larger area, assigning the community the 92037 ZIP Code, recognizing it as a historically and geographically distinct area. This unique ZIP code allows addresses to read La Jolla, CA, and is the only community within the City of San Diego so recognized. Additionally, it is in the 919xx/920xx sequence used for suburban and rural ZIP Codes in San Diego County, rather than the 921xx sequence used for the remainder of the City of San Diego. These conditions sometimes lead to the erroneous impression that La Jolla is a separate city, rather than a part of San Diego. The 92037 ZIP code extends the northeasterly boundary to Genesee Avenue and the northerly boundary to Del Mar, California. The UCSD campus, also part of La Jolla, has ZIP Codes 92092 and 92093.

Despite the city and postal service definitions, La Jolla does not have universally accepted boundaries. In the 1980s, the trustees of Scripps Hospital voted to move the campus from downtown La Jolla to University City, east of Interstate 5 and not within the traditional boundaries of La Jolla. The governing documents of the hospital required it to be located in La Jolla, however. A court ruled that "La Jolla" exists merely as a "state of mind" and thus allowed the relocation of the hospital.[44] Several businesses and housing developments east of Interstate 5 use "La Jolla" in their names despite being geographically located in the University City neighborhood of San Diego, which includes areas east of Interstate 5.

Wildlife

La Jolla's offshore waters are known to be home to an endless array of marine wildlife, including

dogfish and leopard sharks to the formidable great white shark. Many of the marine animals live within and/or depend on the extensive offshore kelp forest, where scuba divers often venture to explore and encounter interesting species.[46] The kelp forests are also home to an extensive number of invertebrate species, from sea urchins, abalone, sea stars and limpets to king crab and giant octopus
.

Throughout the year, especially in summertime, pods of dolphins can be seen playing in the water, sometimes appearing to surf the waves alongside surfers.[47] Pinnipeds. all year-round, can be seen, smelled and heard, even from a distance.[48] Oftentimes, tourists can see California sea lions and harbor seals hauled-out on the rocks, basking in the sun; however, as many local divers and swimmers can attest, pinnipeds are not always a good omen, as their presence usually lures bigger, predatory sharks—namely the great whites.[49][50] During the winter, these apex predators breed, hunting the plentiful seals around the kelp forest, and sometimes, coming even closer to shore.[51] Piers, caves, and buoys are areas that surfers avoid for these reasons, as sharks patrol these locations to ambush pinnipeds diving back into the water. However, with very few exceptions, the majority of shark encounters are uneventful and not aggressive, and, many times, great white sharks may come within mere feet of surfers or swimmers yet remain completely unnoticed; it is often only with drone footage that such close encounters are even observed.[52][53]

Geology

La Jolla is an area of mixed geology, including sandy beaches and rocky shorelines. The area is occasionally susceptible to flooding and ocean storms, as occurred in January and December 2010.[54]

Mount Soledad Easter Cross
built in 1954, later designated a Korean War Memorial, that became the center of a controversy over the display of religious symbols on government property.

View from Coast Boulevard in between The Cave Store and Children's Pool.

The most compelling geographical highlight of La Jolla is its ocean front, with alternating rugged and sandy coastline that serves as habitat for many wild seal congregations. There are many beaches, accessible from the cliffs all throughout the coast of La Jolla. Locals and surfers will walk barefoot down to the beachfront, occasionally using ropes and planks to safely cross otherwise impassable, steep passageways down the cliff-face.[55] There are many notable tourist locations including Blacks Beach, Torrey Pines Glider Port, Sunset Cliffs, La Jolla Shores, La Jolla Cove, and more. Blacks Beach, commonly known for being one of the only nudist beaches in the area, is one of the most popular lesser known surfer spots throughout the year.[56] The Torrey Pines Glider Port is another a staple of the La Jolla cliffs, as boats coming in from sea are sure to see many gliders scattered throughout the air.[57] Sunset Cliffs is a location popular amongst locals and tourists alike, known for views of the sunset off to the horizon past the cliffs and caves below.[58] La Jolla Shores, not to be mistaken with La Jolla Cove, is located right next to the UCSD Scripps pier[59] and is close to many small shops, homes, and restaurants.[60] La Jolla Cove, the staple of La Jolla, is the most popular tourist destination[61] in La Jolla, featuring many snorkelers,[62] swimmers, and wildlife (most notably the La Jolla seals).[63][64] During some parts of the year, people will find the shallow ends of the beach filled with harmless Leopard Sharks, as they come closer to shore to breed.[65] All of the popular beaches and coastal access points, listed from north to south, include:

Climate

Climate data for La Jolla, San Diego
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 89
(32) 		91
(33) 		93
(34) 		99
(37) 		101
(38) 		103
(39) 		108
(42) 		104
(40) 		111
(44) 		107
(42) 		100
(38) 		88
(31) 		111
(44)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 66
(19) 		67
(19) 		68
(20) 		69
(21) 		70
(21) 		73
(23) 		77
(25) 		79
(26) 		78
(26) 		75
(24) 		71
(22) 		67
(19) 		72
(22)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 47
(8) 		49
(9) 		51
(11) 		54
(12) 		58
(14) 		61
(16) 		64
(18) 		66
(19) 		64
(18) 		59
(15) 		51
(11) 		47
(8) 		56
(13)
Record low °F (°C) 29
(−2) 		36
(2) 		38
(3) 		40
(4) 		45
(7) 		50
(10) 		55
(13) 		57
(14) 		51
(11) 		43
(6) 		36
(2) 		34
(1) 		29
(−2)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 2.73
(69) 		2.44
(62) 		2.66
(68) 		0.93
(24) 		0.28
(7.1) 		0.09
(2.3) 		0.03
(0.76) 		0.10
(2.5) 		0.27
(6.9) 		0.48
(12) 		1.23
(31) 		1.53
(39) 		12.77
(324)
Source: [66]

Demographics

According to United States Census Bureau figures, the

ethnic/racial makeup of La Jolla is 82.5% White, 0.8% Black, 0.2% American Indian, 11.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 2.0% some other race, and 3.1% two or more races. Latinos, who may be of any race, form 7.2% of La Jolla's population. There is also a sizeable Persian population in La Jolla.[67]

La Jolla had the highest home prices in the nation in 2008[68] and 2009,[69] according to a survey by Coldwell Banker. The survey compares the cost of a standardized four-bedroom home in communities across the country. The average price for such a home in La Jolla was reported as US$1.842 million in 2008 and US$2.125 million in 2009.

View of La Jolla
View of La Jolla

Neighborhoods

  • La Jolla Farms — This northern La Jolla neighborhood is just west of UCSD. It includes the Torrey Pines Gliderport, the Salk Institute, and a group of expensive homes on the cliffs above Black's Beach (one of which is the Audrey Geisel University House).
  • La Jolla Shores — The residential area and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography campus along La Jolla Shores Beach and east up the hillside. Also includes a small business district of shops and restaurants along Avenida de la Playa.
  • La Jolla Heights — The homes on the hills overlooking La Jolla Shores. No businesses.
  • Hidden Valley — Lower portion of Mount Soledad on the northern slopes. No businesses.
  • Country Club — Lower Mt. Soledad on the northwest side, including the La Jolla Country Club golf course.
  • Village — Also called Village of La Jolla (not to be confused with La Jolla Village) the "downtown" business district area, including most of La Jolla's shops and restaurants, and the immediately surrounding higher density and single family residential areas.
  • Beach-Barber Tract — The coastal section from Windansea Beach to the Village. A few shops and restaurants along La Jolla Boulevard.
  • Lower Hermosa — Coastal strip south of Beach-Barber Tract. No businesses.
  • Bird Rock — Southern coastal La Jolla, and the very lowest slopes of Mt. Soledad in the area. Notable for shops and restaurants along La Jolla Boulevard, five traffic roundabouts on La Jolla Boulevard, coastal bluffs, and surfing areas just two blocks off the main drag.
  • Muirlands — Relatively large area on western middle slope of Mt. Soledad. No businesses.
  • La Jolla Mesa  — A strip on the lower southern side of Mt. Soledad, bordering Pacific Beach. No businesses.
  • La Jolla Alta — A master-planned development east of La Jolla Mesa. No businesses.
  • Soledad South — Southeastern slopes of Mt. Soledad, all the way up to the top, east of La Jolla Alta.
  • Muirlands West — The small neighborhood between Muirlands to the south, and Country Club to the north. No businesses.
  • Upper Hermosa — Southwestern La Jolla, north of Bird Rock and east of La Jolla Blvd.
  • La Jolla Village — Not to be confused with the Village (of La Jolla). In northeast La Jolla, east of La Jolla Heights, west of I-5 and south of UCSD. The neighborhood's namesake is the La Jolla Village Square shopping and residential mall, which includes La Jolla's only remaining movie theater.

Community groups

The historic La Jolla post office.

The La Jolla Community Planning Association[70] advises the city council, Planning Commission, City Planning Department as well as other governmental agency as appropriate in the initial preparation, adoption of, implementation of, or amendment to the General or Community Plan as it pertains to the La Jolla area as well as review specific development proposals.[71] The nonprofit La Jolla Town Council[72] represents the interests of La Jolla businesses and residents that belong to the council. The Bird Rock Community Council[73] serves the Bird Rock neighborhood, while the La Jolla Shores Association[74] serves the La Jolla Shores neighborhood. La Jolla Village Merchants Association, Inc. is a non-profit organization formed in February 2011 to manage the La Jolla Village Business Improvement District for the City of San Diego.[75]

Community organizations include Independent La Jolla,[76] a membership-based citizens group seeking to secede from the city of San Diego. Service clubs in La Jolla include Kiwanis, Rotary, La Jolla Woman's Club[77] and the Social Service League of La Jolla,[78] to name a few.

La Jolla is a subsidiary location for Chicago-based Linking Efforts Against Drugs (LEAD), a national drug-prevention organization recognized nationally for its success in reducing substance use and abuse among teens.

La Jolla is the home of InspirED, a community-focused EdTech company that supports schools in supporting their students' mental health through therapeutic services, educational opportunities, and technology.

Attractions and activities

Torrey Pines Golf Course
Museum of Contemporary Art - La Jolla

La Jolla is the location of Torrey Pines Golf Course, the site each January or February of a PGA Tour event formerly known as the Buick Invitational and since 2010, called the Farmers Insurance Open.[79] Torrey Pines also hosted the 2008 U.S. Open, and will host the 2021 U.S. Open.[80] Nearby are the de facto nude beach, Black's Beach, and the Torrey Pines Gliderport.[81]

Downtown La Jolla is noted for jewelry stores, boutiques, upmarket restaurants and hotels. Prospect Street and Girard Avenue are also shopping and dining districts.[82] The Museum of Contemporary Art, founded in 1941, is located just above the waterfront in what was originally the 1915 residence of philanthropist Ellen Browning Scripps. The museum has a permanent collection with more than 3,500 post-1950 American and European works, including paintings, works on paper, sculptures, photographic art, design objects and video works.[83] The museum was renamed Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego in 1990 to recognize its regional significance.

Beaches and ocean access include Windansea Beach, La Jolla Shores, La Jolla Cove and Children's Pool Beach. For many years, La Jolla has been the host of a rough water swim at La Jolla Cove.[84]

In 2011, the La Jolla Community Foundation commissioned various artists to contribute to the scenery of the town, through various murals. Some of the artists that are featured in the series are John Baldessari, Julian Opie, and Kim MacConnel. There are 11 murals in the series, all of which will be on display for two years.[85]

The La Jolla Fencing Academy opened in 2017 on Villa La Jolla Drive.[86][87][88] Among its coaches is two-time world junior saber champion, and 2023 US saber champion, Konstantin Lokhanov.[89][90]

The La Jolla Concours d'Elegance auto show is hosted at La Jolla Cove annually.[91]

Transportation

The San Diego Trolley light rail system has four stops on the Blue Line located in the La Jolla neighborhood:

These four stations were opened on November 21, 2021, when the Blue Line was extended nine stops north from Old Town Transit Center to serve areas such as La Jolla Village, UC San Diego, and University City.

Education

UCSD's distinctive Geisel Library, named after Theodor Seuss Geisel ("Dr. Seuss") and featured in UCSD's logo

Higher education

The

University of California San Diego is the center of higher education in La Jolla. The campus' name was briefly UC La Jolla during the planning stage of the university's development. UCSD includes the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and the San Diego Supercomputer Center
.

La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology (LJI), and the Salk Institute for Biological Studies
.

Other schools

La Jolla is served by the

The Bishop's School, The Children's School,[96] Delphi Academy, Stella Maris Academy,[97] The Gillispie School, and the Evans School. La Jolla Country Day School is located in the nearby community of University City
.

Religious institutions

Christian:

Jewish:

  • Congregation Beth El[83]
  • Congregation Adat Yeshurun[83]
  • Chabad Jewish Center of La Jolla

Business and media

Notable people

Main article: List of people from La Jolla

La Jolla has been the home to many notable people, including prominent scientists, business people, artists, writers, surfers and performers.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The 2004 estimated population was 42,808.[3]

References

  1. ^ a b "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010". 2010 Demographic Profile Data. Retrieved March 2, 2017.
  2. ^ "CityofSanDiego LaJolla". sandiego.gov. Retrieved April 6, 2023.
  3. ^ "Population and Housing Estimates, Zip Code 92037" (PDF). 2004 Estimates. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 18, 2006. Retrieved October 15, 2006.
  4. ^ a b "SanDiego.org". SanDiego.org. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
  5. ^ US. "Mapquest". Mapquest. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
  6. ^ "San Diego City". Sandiego.gov. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
  7. ^ "GoVisitSanDiego.com". GoVisitSanDiego.com. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  8. ^ "Weather.com". Weather.com. June 17, 2009. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
  9. ^ "DiscoverSD". DiscoverSD. Archived from the original on May 29, 2010. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
  10. ^ "La Jolla, CA Official Website". Lajollabythesea.com. Archived from the original on June 29, 2010. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
  11. ^ Langdon 1970.
  12. ^ "History of La Jolla". La Jolla Playhouse, via Wayback Machine. Archived from the original on November 3, 2011. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
  13. ^ Ray, Nancy (August 31, 1985). "One of La Jolla's Best-Kept Secrets Is Fun Ride". Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved June 22, 2014.
  14. ^ Gudde, Erwin Gustav (February 12, 1960). "California Place Names: The Origin and Etymology of Current Geographical Names". University of California Press. Retrieved February 12, 2022 – via Google Books.
  15. ^ California, Everyday. "The Kumeyaay Native Americans". Everyday California. Retrieved December 7, 2023.
  16. ^ Kucher, Karen (November 8, 2020). "Future uncertain for cottages". San Diego Union Tribune. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  17. ^ a b c Hollins, Jeremy. "Village Memories: A Photo Essay on La Jolla's Past" (PDF). Journal of San Diego History: 295–305.
  18. ^ Rannells, Nathan L. (October 1958). "La Jolla No. 1". Journal of San Diego History. 4 (4).
  19. ^ a b "About La Jolla Elementary". San Diego Unified School District. Retrieved October 28, 2017.
  20. ^ "About Scripps College - History". Scrippscollege.edu.
  21. ^ Denger, Mark J. "A Brief History of the U.S. Marine Corps in San Diego". The California State Military Museum. Archived from the original on April 24, 2013. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  22. ^ a b Shragge, Abraham J. (Fall 2001). "Growing Up Together: The University of California's One Hundred-Year Partnership with the San Diego Region". Journal of San Diego History. 47 (4).
  23. ^ a b "Timeline". University of California San Diego. Retrieved May 23, 2013.
  24. ^ "nsf.gov - Table 20 - NCSES Higher Education Research and Development: Fiscal Year 2018 - US National Science Foundation (NSF)". ncsesdata.nsf.gov. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
  25. ^ "Title VIII: Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity". U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Archived from the original on July 8, 2015. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  26. ^ For example, when the world-famous mathematician and philosopher Jacob Bronowski came to the Salk Institute in 1963, he wanted to build a home on La Jolla Farms Road for his family. For his required character references, his family produced letters from members of Parliament, in Garson, Sue (2003). "The End of Covenant". The San Diego Jewish Journal. Archived from the original on July 23, 2008. Retrieved June 30, 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  27. ^ Carless, Will (April 7, 2005). "A specter from our past: Longtime residents will always remember the stain left on the Jewel by an era of housing discrimination". LaJollaLight.com. Archived from the original on September 13, 2010. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
  28. ^ Stratthaus, Mary Ellen (1996). "Flaw in the Jewel: Housing Discrimination Against Jews in La Jolla, California" (PDF). American Jewish Historical Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 1, 2010. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
  29. ^ "Synagogues in La Jolla". Google Maps. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
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Further reading

  • Langdon, Margaret (1970). A grammar of Diegueno: the Mesa Grande dialect. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Schaelchlin, Patricia (1988). La Jolla: The Story of a Community 1897-1987. La Jolla: Friends of the La Jolla Library.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to
La Jolla, San Diego.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for La Jolla.

32°50′24″N 117°16′37″W / 32.84000°N 117.27694°W / 32.84000; -117.27694

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