La Maison Francaise (Rockefeller Center)
La Maison Francaise | |
---|---|
General information | |
Type | Office building |
Location | 610 5th Avenue New York, NY 10112 |
Coordinates | 40°45′31″N 73°58′41″W / 40.75856°N 73.97792°W |
Completed | 1933 |
Owner | Tishman Speyer |
Height | |
Roof | 90 ft (27 m) (excluding penthouse) |
Technical details | |
Floor count | 6 (+1+1⁄2-story penthouse) |
Design and construction | |
Architect(s) | Associated Architects, including Raymond Hood |
Developer | John D. Rockefeller Jr. |
Structural engineer | Post & McCord |
La Maison Francaise | |
NYC Landmark No. 1446
| |
Area | 22 acres (8.8 ha) |
Architect | Raymond Hood |
Architectural style | Modern, Art Deco |
Part of | Rockefeller Center (ID87002591) |
NYCL No. | 1446 |
Significant dates | |
Added to NRHP | December 23, 1987[1] |
Designated CP | December 23, 1987[2] |
Designated NYCL | April 23, 1985 |
La Maison Francaise (French: La Maison Française, literally French House), also known by its address 610 Fifth Avenue, is a commercial building at Rockefeller Center in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. Completed in 1933, the six-story structure was designed in the Art Deco style by Raymond Hood, Rockefeller Center's lead architect. La Maison Francaise, along with the nearly identical British Empire Building and the high-rise International Building to the north, comprise a group of retail-and-office structures known as the International Complex. La Maison Francaise and the British Empire Building are separated by Channel Gardens, a planted pedestrian esplanade running west to the complex's Lower Plaza.
The facade is made of
La Maison Francaise and the British Empire Building were developed as part of the construction of Rockefeller Center after a proposal for a single building on the site was scrapped. Work began in February 1932 and French companies agreed to occupy the building the next month. The building was completed in 1933 and initially mainly hosted French companies. Over the years, the building has contained a variety of tenants, including stores and travel companies.
Site
110yds
La Maison Francaise is part of the
The Channel Gardens, a 60-foot-wide (18 m), 200-foot-long (61 m) planted pedestrian esplanade, separates the British Empire Building and La Maison Francaise.[7][8] It is named after the English Channel, the waterway separating Britain and France.[9] The plaza slopes down toward the Lower Plaza to the west.[7][8] The Lower Plaza is a below-grade courtyard containing Paul Manship's Prometheus sculpture and aseasonal ice rink.[10][11] Architectural critic Paul Goldberger of The New York Times described the British Empire Building, Channel Gardens, and La Maison Francaise as "leading to a central focus", namely the Lower Plaza.[12]
La Maison Francaise is in the eastern section of the Rockefeller Center complex.
Architecture
La Maison Francaise is a six-story limestone building, with
According to The New York Times, La Maison Francaise measures 90 feet (27 m) tall to the top of its sixth story.[21] The edifice measures 70 feet (21 m) on Fifth Avenue and 200 feet (61 m) on 50th Street.[22][23] There is a 1+1⁄2-story penthouse above the west half of the sixth story and a roof garden above the eastern half of the sixth story.[16][17] The seventh-story penthouse gives the building a more imposing massing along the Lower Plaza than along Fifth Avenue.[24] The masses of the British Empire Building and La Maison Francaise complement that of 623 Fifth Avenue to the east[25] and 30 Rockefeller Plaza to the west.[26]
Facade
The entire facade is made of limestone. The ground floor of La Maison Francaise includes storefronts and display windows on all four
Hartley Burr Alexander, a mythology and symbology professor who oversaw Rockefeller Center's art program, led the installation of artwork throughout the complex.[30][31][32] Rockefeller Center's international complex was decorated to an international theme, with motifs representing the arts, peace, and commerce.[33] La Maison Francaise's artwork was themed to French art, industry, and trade.[34][35] The decorations were mostly designed by French artists.[36]
Fifth Avenue
Alfred Janniot's 10-short-ton (8.9-long-ton) gilded bronze engraving above the entrance[34][35] measures 11 feet (3.4 m) wide by 18 feet (5.5 m) tall.[35][37] It contains personifications of France and New York holding hands above the ocean.[38] The personification of France holds the Notre Dame on her lap and the scroll unfurling behind is inscribed with the Latin motto of Paris: "fluctuat nec mergitur" (it floats, but never sinks).[35][37] The personification of New York sits in front of an unfurling scroll with the state's name, as well as a carving of Rockefeller Center's skyscrapers.[37] Below are three female personifications of poetry, beauty, and elegance[39][40] in varying states of dress. The engraving also contains birds, plants, and fruits.[37]
Above this bronze engraving, Janniot also sculpted a cartouche of a female personification of French freedom, with the French motto "liberté, egalité, fraternité" (liberty, equality, fraternity) inscribed below.[41][42][38] The figure measures 10 feet (3.0 m) tall and about 11 feet (3.4 m) wide.[42] The woman is depicted in a twisted position amid a green background. Her left hand holds a torch of freedom aloft, while her right hand points downward, holding olive branches and laurel wreaths.[41][42] The figure's left breast is barely covered, which was meant to symbolize danger, while her pose was intended to signify triumph.[42]
Other elevations
The west elevation rises seven stories and includes display windows, but no doors, at ground level. West of the building, stairs descend from the sidewalk to the Lower Plaza. As a result, the west elevation's right display window is smaller than the other display windows on that elevation. The west elevation does not itself set back, but the fifth- and seventh-story setbacks of the north and south elevations are visible. The west elevation is divided by four piers, each with a bronze hood for illumination. The rightmost pier contains a small inscription with the text "Rockefeller Center".[47]
The north and south elevations are similar to each other and include ground-level storefronts and display windows.[16] On the ground story of both elevations, there are four storefronts or display windows on either side of a secondary entrance.[48] Lee Lawrie decorated the spaces above the secondary entrances.[49][50] The entrances themselves are recessed and include revolving doors. The western eight bays of each elevation rise to the seventh story, with limestone lattice spandrels and an additional setback above six of these bays.[16] There is a cornerstone with an inscription at the northeast corner of the building.[27]
The southern entrance at 9 West 49th Street is simple in design. It contains three gilded fleurs-de-lis, which are carved into the limestone block above the entrance.
Features
The British Empire Building and La Maison Francaise together contain only 173,000 square feet (16,100 m2) of floor area, even though their site can theoretically accommodate a 912,800-square-foot (84,800 m2) building.
The superstructure is made of skeletal steel[27] and weighs 1,700 short tons (1,500 long tons; 1,500 t).[59] The building's steel structure was strengthened to support the weight of the rooftop garden,[60] which is planted with flowers and hedges.[61] C. J. Hughes of The New York Times described the roof gardens in 2019 as "jewels that have broken loose from a necklace and landed on a dusty floor".[62]
History
The construction of Rockefeller Center occurred between 1932 and 1940[a] on land that John D. Rockefeller Jr. leased from Columbia University.[65][66] The Rockefeller Center site was originally supposed to be occupied by a new opera house for the Metropolitan Opera.[67] By 1928, Benjamin Wistar Morris and designer Joseph Urban were hired to come up with blueprints for the house.[68] However, the new building was too expensive for the opera to fund by itself, and it needed an endowment.[19] The project ultimately gained Rockefeller's support.[19][69] The planned opera house was canceled in December 1929 due to various issues,[70][71][72] and Rockefeller quickly negotiated with Radio Corporation of America (RCA) and its subsidiaries, National Broadcasting Company (NBC) and Radio-Keith-Orpheum (RKO), to build a mass media entertainment complex on the site.[73][74][75] By May 1930, RCA and its affiliates had agreed to develop the site.[76][77]
Development
One proposal for Rockefeller Center, revealed in March 1930,
As American tenants were reluctant to rent in these retail buildings, Rockefeller Center manager Hugh Robertson, formerly of Todd, Robertson and Todd, suggested foreign tenants for the buildings.[93][94] The complex's managers promoted Rockefeller Center as a "hub for international trade".[9] Rockefeller Center's managers held talks with prospective Czech, German, Italian, and Swedish lessees who could potentially occupy the six-story internationally themed buildings on Fifth Avenue. Dutch, Chinese, Japanese, and Russian tenants were also reportedly considered.[88][93][94] The British government had agreed to occupy the British Empire Building in January 1932, making it the first themed building for which an agreement was made.[86][95] The second themed building was La Maison Francaise, which French tenants agreed to occupy in March 1932.[22][23] Unlike for the British building, for which the British government was a tenant,[95] the French government was not originally planned to be a tenant.[96] Like the British building, La Maison Francaise was to be a free port, with all of its merchandise being exempted from tariffs.[9] The seventh-story penthouse above the building was added late in the design process.[24]
Excavation for the sites of the British Empire Building and La Maison Francaise began in February 1932.
1930s to 1970s
The French government had expressed interest in occupying space at La Maison Francaise shortly after the building plans were announced,[96] and a tourist bureau opened in October 1933.[109] Other early tenants included wine distributor G. H. Mumm,[110] perfume store Les Parfums Marley,[111] steamship line Compagnie Générale Transatlantique,[112] designer Anny Blatt,[113] and newspaper Courrier des États-Unis.[114] Janniot's sculpture was unveiled in June 1934; The New York Times described it as "a new Statue of Liberty on Fifth Avenue".[38] By the beginning of 1935, La Maison Francaise was 82 percent occupied.[115] La Maison Francaise also hosted exhibitions in its early years, including an exhibit on urban basements,[116] a display of Napoleon artifacts,[117] and an amateur photography show.[118] Other tenants in the late 1930s included Air France,[119] Cafe Louis XIV,[120] a French information bureau,[121] Eastern Steamship Lines,[122] and a buying office of the French embassy.[123]
The French consulate in the building only operated until 1942 (under
Further leases were signed in the 1950s with importers Corroyer & Co.,
1980s and 1990s
Columbia University was not making enough money from Rockefeller Center leases by the 1970s,
Meanwhile, Columbia had agreed to sell the land to the Rockefeller Group for $400 million in February 1985.
The Rockefeller Group filed for bankruptcy protection in May 1995 after missing several mortgage payments.[162][163] That November, John Rockefeller Jr.'s son David and a consortium led by Goldman Sachs agreed to buy Rockefeller Center's buildings for $1.1 billion,[164] beating out Sam Zell and other bidders.[165] The transaction included $306 million for the mortgage and $845 million for other expenses.[166] In the late 1990s, French boutique Rodier moved into one of the building's retail spaces.[167] A preservation dispute arose in May 1998, when the owners announced plans to enlarge shop windows on the center's Fifth Avenue buildings to two stories.[168][169] The window sizes were reduced upon the LPC's request,[170][171] and the modifications were approved in September 1998.[170][172]
2000s to present
References
Notes
- ^ 30 Rockefeller Plaza was the first building to start construction, in September 1932.[63] The last building was completed in 1940.[64]
- ^ a b Namely 1250 Avenue of the Americas, 30 Rockefeller Plaza, the British Empire Building, La Maison Francaise, the Channel Gardens, and the Lower Plaza[146]
- 1270 Avenue of the Americas; 1, 10, 30, 50, and 75 Rockefeller Plaza; the British Empire Building; the International Building; La Maison Francaise; and Radio City Music Hall. The lobbies of the International Building and 30 Rockefeller Plaza were also protected.[146]
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