Labweh

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Labweh
اللبوة
Byzantine
Site notes
Excavation dates1966, 1969
ArchaeologistsDiana Kirkbride, Lorraine Copeland, Peter Wescombe
ConditionRuins
Public accessYes

Labweh (

Anti-Lebanon Mountains in Baalbek District, Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, Lebanon.[1][2]

History

The

Israel, is said to have "restored the territory of Israel from the entrance of Hamath to the Sea of the Arabah (the Dead Sea)".[6]

Labweh in the original

Queen Zenobia. Legend suggests that channels were carved through the rock to send water to her lands in Palmyra, Syria.[1]

In 1834,

Anti-Libanus
on the top of a hillock, near which passes a small stream which has its source in the adjoining mountains, and after flowing for several hours through the plain, falls into the basin from which springs the Orontes."[7] In 1838,
Metawileh village in the Baalbek District.[8]

Labweh Springs and Labweh River

The village is located on a hill 26 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of

Orontes.[2] The Labweh river flows for approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) through rocky desert. It then cascades into a lake and wider stream at another village called Er-Ras, considered to be the source of the Orontes. This flows onwards northeast, fed by numerous other streams from Lebanon's mountains.[9][10]

Archaeological sites

Soundings and analysis of archaeological sites in Labweh were made by Lorraine Copeland and Peter Wescombe in 1966 with later excavations by Diana Kirkbride in 1969.[11] Tell Labweh, Tell Labweh South or Labweh I sits to the south of the village with another site to the north. The surface of Tell Labweh had been damaged by modern agriculture and it had been cut in half by road construction. Several burials were discovered inside the remains of rectangular buildings with white and red plaster floors. The remains of stone walls were found at lower levels and it is thought that the buildings may have used mud bricks at higher levels.[12]

Early

BC; a date range covering only c. 130 years.[13] The range of finds at the site has however helped to reveal some aspects of the transition through neolithic stages.[12]

Tell Labweh North is another large archaeological site, a few hundred meters north on the other side of the village and springs. Finely denticulated sickle blades,

arrowheads and trapezoidal, flaked axes and fragments of whiteware along with burnished pottery with patterns and a fragment of obsidian were collected from the surface of the site. Most of the finds indicated settlement around the time of Tell Labweh (South) and Byblos.[12] Fauna would have included forest animals and numerous domesticated cattle, sheep, and goats.[14]

Roman temple

There are the ruins of a Roman temple in the village that are included in a group of Temples of the Beqaa Valley.[15] It was a prostyle type but only one block of the western wall remained visible. Modern construction built a house inside the temple.[16] There are around twenty temples located between Labweh and Ain el-Baid.[17]

References

  1. ^ a b Ba'albeck - Al-Hermal, Bekaa - Tourist Brochure
  2. ^ a b Royal Geographical Society (Great Britain) (1837). The journal of the Royal Geographic Society of London. J. Murray. pp. 99–. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  3. ^ Mazar (Maisler), B. (1946). "Topographical Studies V: Lebo-Hamath and the Northern Boundary of Canaan". Bulletin of the Israel Exploration Society. 12: 91–102.
  4. ^ 1 Kings 8:65
  5. ISBN 978-0-8028-2536-0
    . Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  6. NIV
    translation, which refers to the Dead Sea
  7. ^ Burckhardt Barker, 1837, p. 99
  8. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, 2nd appendix, p. 145
  9. ^ Sir. William Smith, LLD, Ed. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854)
  10. ^ Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Great Britain) (1842). Penny cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. C. Knight. pp. 469–. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  11. ^ Zeidan Abdel-Kafi Kafafi (1982). The Neolithic of Jordan (East Bank). Papyrus Druck. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  12. ^ a b c d Moore, A.M.T. (1978). The Neolithic of the Levant. Oxford University, Unpublished PhD Thesis. pp. 192–198.
  13. ^ University of Cologne - Radiocarbon Context Database
  14. ISBN 978-0-87365-951-2
    . Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  15. ^ George Taylor (1967). The Roman temples of Lebanon: a pictorial guide. Dar el-Machreq Publishers. Retrieved 28 October 2012.
  16. ISBN 978-1-57506-014-9
    . Retrieved 28 October 2012.
  17. ^ Baal: Bulletin d'archéologie et d'architecture libanaises. Direction Générale des Antiquités. 2001. Retrieved 28 October 2012.

Literature

External links

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