Labyrinthulomycetes

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Labyrinthulomycetes
Cell with network of ectoplasmic filaments (Aplanochytrium sp.)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Clade: Diaphoretickes
Clade: SAR
Clade: Stramenopiles
Phylum: Bigyra
Subphylum: Sagenista
Class: Labyrinthulomycetes
Arx, 1970, Dick, 2001
Orders[1]
Synonyms
  • Labyrinthulomycota Whittaker, 1969
  • Labyrinthomorpha Page in Levine et al., 1980
  • Labyrinthulea Olive, 1975
    ex Cavalier-Smith, 1989

Labyrinthulomycetes (

algae and seagrasses or as decomposers on dead plant material. They also include some parasites of marine invertebrates and mixotrophic species that live in a symbiotic relationship with zoochlorella.[4][5][6]

Characteristics

Although they are outside the cells, the filaments of Labyrinthulomycetes are surrounded by a

amorphous
network at speeds varying from 5-150 μm per minute. Among the labyrinthulids, the cells are enclosed within the tubes, and among the thraustochytrids, they are attached to their sides.

Evolution

Evolutionary origin

Labyrinthulomycetes are not

secondarily lost their plastids.[3]

Some characteristics of the labyrinthulomycetes can be explained by their origin from ancestral plastids. They produce

labyrinthulids have an eyespot composed of membrane-bound granules that resembles eyespots of photosynthetic stramenopiles, which are either within a plastid or believed to be derived from a plastid.[3]

Within

Eogyrea, a class containing the species Pseudophyllomitus vesiculosus and the environmental clade called MAST-4. Together they compose the subphylum Sagenista.[7][8]

Stramenopiles
Gyrista

Ochrophyta

Pseudofungi

plastid loss
Bigyra
Opalozoa
Sagenista

Labyrinthulomycetes

Eogyrea

plastid loss

Platysulcea

Classification

Labyrinthulomycetes or Labyrinthulea used to compose the defunct fungal

heterokonts
, but their classification and treatment remains somewhat unsettled.

This class usually contained two orders, Labyrinthulales and Thraustochytriales (ICBN), or

Thraustochytrida (ICZN), but a different classification has recently been proposed.[6][10][11][1][9]

Genetic code

The labyrinthulomycete

mitochondria which use TTA as a stop codon instead of coding for Leucine.[13] This code is represented by NCBI translation table 23, Thraustochytrium mitochondrial code.[14]

Genetic code Translation
table		 DNA codon RNA codon Translation
with this code
Standard code

(Translation table 1)
Thraustochytrium mitochondrial 23 TTA UUA STOP = Ter (*) Leu (L)

Gallery

  • Aplanochytrium sp. under light microscope
    light microscope
  • Aplanochytrium sp. under SEM
    Aplanochytrium sp. under SEM
  • Aurantiochytrium sp.
    Aurantiochytrium sp.
  • Test of Amphitrema, a testate amoeba recently included in the group
    Test of Amphitrema, a testate amoeba recently included in the group
  • Leon Cienkowski, Polish botanist who in 1867 described Labyrinthula, the first genus of the group[15]
    Leon Cienkowski, Polish botanist who in 1867 described Labyrinthula, the first genus of the group[15]

References

  1. ^
    PMID 30257078
    .
  2. doi:10.1016/S0003-9365(97)80006-1
    .
  3. ^
    PMID 18977305
    .
  4. S2CID 4836350
    .
  5. doi:10.14288/1.0223199
    .
  6. ^
    PMID 23341921
    .
  7. PMID 28875267
    .
  8. S2CID 202865459
    .
  9. ^
    ISBN 978-3-319-28147-6
    .
  10. doi:10.4467/16890027AP.12.023.0783
    .
  11. ^
    S2CID 43399688
    .
  12. S2CID 46820836
    .
  13. S2CID 208279678
    .
  14. ^ Elzanowski A, Ostell J, Leipe D, Soussov V. "The Genetic Codes". Taxonomy browser. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
  15. ^ Cienkowski, L. (1867). Ueber den Bau und die Entwicklung der Labyrinthuleen. Arch. mikr. Anat., 3:274, [1].

External links

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Labyrinthulidea".
Wikispecies has information related to Labyrinthulomycetes.
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