Limosilactobacillus reuteri
Limosilactobacillus reuteri | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Bacteria |
Phylum: | Bacillota |
Class: | Bacilli |
Order: | Lactobacillales |
Family: | Lactobacillaceae |
Genus: | Limosilactobacillus |
Species: | L. reuteri
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Binomial name | |
Limosilactobacillus reuteri Zheng et al., 2020
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Synonyms | |
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Limosilactobacillus reuteri is a
Discovery
At the turn of the 20th century, L. reuteri was recorded in scientific classifications of
Significant differences were found between biotype II and other biotypes of L. fermentum, to the point that in 1980 it was identified as a distinct species and the formal species identity, L. reuteri, was proposed.[3] In April 2020, L. reuteri was reassigned to the genus Limosilactobacillus.[4]
Prevalence
Limosilactobacillus reuteri is found in a variety of natural environments. It has been isolated from many foods, especially meats and dairy products.
Limosilactobacillus reuteri is present as a dominant member of
Effects
Antimicrobial
Limosilactobacillus reuteri is known to produce reuterin,[15] reutericin 6[16] and reutericyclin.[17][18]
Reuterin
In the late 1980s,
Reuterin inhibits the growth of some harmful
Some studies questioned whether reuterin production is essential for L. reuteri's health-promoting activity. The discovery that it produces an antibiotic substance led to a great deal of further research. In early 2008, L. reuteri was confirmed to be capable of producing reuterin in the gastrointestinal tract, improving its ability to inhibit the growth of E. coli.[23]
The gene cluster controlling the biosynthesis of reuterin and
Clinical results in humans
Although L. reuteri occurs naturally in humans, it is not found in all individuals. Dietary supplementation can sustain high levels of it in those with deficiencies. Oral intake of L. reuteri has been shown to effectively colonize the intestines of healthy individuals. Colonization begins within days of ingestion, although levels drop months later if intake is stopped.[25] L. reuteri is found in breast milk.[26] Oral intake on the mother's part increases the amount of L. reuteri present in her milk, and the likelihood that it will be transferred to the child.[27]
Safety
Manipulation of gut microbiota is a complex process that may cause bacteria-host interactions.
Intestinal health
One of the better documented effects of L. reuteri is a significant reduction of symptom duration in pediatric
Limosilactobacillus reuteri may be effective treating necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. Meta-analysis of randomized studies suggests that L. reuteri can reduce the incidence of sepsis and shorten the required duration of hospital treatment in this population.[39]
Limosilactobacillus reuteri is an effective treatment against infant
However, colic is still poorly understood, and it is not clear why or how L. reuteri ameliorates its symptoms. One theory holds that affected infants cry because of gastrointestinal discomfort; if this is the case, it is plausible that L. reuteri somehow acts to lessen this discomfort, since its primary residence is inside the gut.Gastric health
Limosilactobacillus reuteri have a pronounced anti-helicobacter activity and its use as adjuvant therapy of H. pylori in children appears to be very promising, especially in the case of detection of infection with H. pylori with no absolute indication of eradication.[45]
Growing evidence indicates L. reuteri is capable of fighting the gut
Llimosilactobacillus reuteri has the potential to suppress H. Pylori infection and may lead to an improvement of H. Pylori-associated gastrointestinal symptoms,
Oral health
Limosilactobacillus reuteri may be capable of promoting dental health, as it has been proven to kill
Bone density
Lactobacillus reuteri and other probiotics may influence the
General health
By protecting against many common infections, L. reuteri promotes overall wellness in both children and adults.
Similar results have been found in adults; those consuming L. reuteri daily end up falling ill 50% less often, as measured by their decrease use of sick leave.[61]
Results in animal models
Scientific studies that require harming the subjects (for example, exposing them to a dangerous virus) cannot be conducted in humans. Therefore, many of L. reuteri's benefits have been studied only in different animal species, such as pigs and mice.
In general, animal studies on L. reuteri are done using the species-specific strain of the bacterium.
Protection against pathogens
Limosilactobacillus reuteri confers a high level of resistance to the
and turkeys; L. reuteri greatly moderates the morbidity and mortality caused by this dangerous food-borne pathogen.Limosilactobacillus reuteri is effective in stopping harmful strains of
The protozoic parasite Cryptosporidium parvum causes severe watery diarrhea, which can become life-threatening in immunocompromised (as in individuals infected with HIV) patients. L. reuteri is known to lessen the symptoms of C. parvum infection in mice[65] and pigs.[13]
Some protective effect against the yeast
Body weight and growth
In juvenile commercial
Supplementing the diets of these young animals with L. reuteri helps them to largely overcome the stresses imposed by unhealthy environs. Commercial turkeys fed L. reuteri from birth had nearly a 10% higher adult body weight than their peers raised in the same conditions.
The mechanism by which L. reuteri is able to support healthy growth is not entirely understood. It possibly serves to protect against illness caused by S. typhimurium and other pathogens (see above), which are much more common in crowded commercial farms. However, other studies found that it can help when the growth depression is caused entirely by a lack of
Chemical and trauma-induced injury
Treating
In addition to its role in
The anticancer drug methotrexate causes severe enterocolitis in high doses. L. reuteri greatly mitigates the symptoms of methotrexate-induced enterocolitis in rats, one of which is bacterial translocation.[75]
Links to fat in diet of mice, and reversible symptoms of behavioral abnormalities
In mice, the absence of L. reuteri has been causally linked to maternal diet.
References
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External links
- Joint Genome Institute on L. reuteri
- Savino F, Pelle E, Palumeri E, Oggero R, Miniero R (January 2007). "Lactobacillus reuteri (American Type Culture Collection Strain 55730) versus simethicone in the treatment of infantile colic: a prospective randomized study". Pediatrics. 119 (1): e124–30. S2CID 2306025.
- Type strain of Lactobacillus reuteri at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase