Laggar falcon

Laggar falcon
	In Rajasthan, India
Conservation status
	; Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1)
	CITES Appendix I (CITES)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Falconiformes
Family:	Falconidae
Genus:	Falco
Subgenus:	Hierofalco
Species:	F. jugger
Binomial name
	Falco jugger; J.E. Gray, 1834

The laggar falcon (Falco jugger), also known as the lugger falcon or jugger (from Hindi जग्गर — jaggar, “falcon”), is a mid-sized bird of prey which occurs in the Indian subcontinent from extreme southeastern Iran, southeastern Afghanistan, Pakistan, through India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and northwestern Myanmar.

It resembles the lanner falcon but is darker overall, and has blackish "trousers" (tibiotarsus feathers). Fledglings have an almost entirely dark underside, and first-year subadult birds still retain much dark on the belly.

This

humid climate than today.^[2]

Laggar falcons used to be the most common falcons in the region, but numbers have declined markedly in recent times and today it is probably nowhere a common species anymore. The main threats are the intensification of pesticide use in the region and use as a decoy to trap large falcons.

Gallery

Adult bird,
Thar desert, Rajasthan (India
).

Same as previous.
Same as previous; feeding on
Indian spiny-tailed lizard
(Saara hardwickii).
The prey's spiny tail was not eaten.
Laggar falcon begins a swoop at Tal Chhapar Sanctuary, (India)
Egg of Falco jugger
MHNT
Laggar falcon with a just caught Indian spiny-tailed lizard (Saara hardwickii)

References

^
doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22696492A181452933.en
. Retrieved 5 February 2022.

^ Helbig et al. (1994), Wink et al. (1998), Wink et al. (2004), Nittinger et al. (2005)

Helbig, A.J.; Seibold, I.; Bednarek, W.; Brüning, H.; Gaucher, P.; Ristow, D.; Scharlau, W.; Schmidl, D. & Wink, Michael (1994): Phylogenetic relationships among falcon species (genus Falco) according to DNA sequence variation of the cytochrome b gene. In: Meyburg, B.-U. & Chancellor, R.D. (eds.): Raptor conservation today: 593–599. PDF fulltext
Nittinger, F.; Haring, E.; Pinsker, W.; Wink, Michael & Gamauf, A. (2005): Out of Africa? Phylogenetic relationships between Falco biarmicus and other hierofalcons (Aves Falconidae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 43(4): 321–331.
doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2005.00326.x PDF fulltext

Wink, Michael; Seibold, I.; Lotfikhah, F. & Bednarek, W. (1998): Molecular systematics of holarctic raptors (Order Falconiformes). In: Chancellor, R.D., Meyburg, B.-U. & Ferrero, J.J. (eds.): Holarctic Birds of Prey: 29–48. Adenex & WWGBP. PDF fulltext
Wink, Michael; Sauer-Gürth, Hedi; Ellis, David & Kenward, Robert (2004): Phylogenetic relationships in the Hierofalco complex (Saker-, Gyr-, Lanner-, Laggar Falcon). In: Chancellor, R.D. & Meyburg, B.-U. (eds.): Raptors Worldwide: 499–504. WWGBP, Berlin. PDF fulltext

External links

[iucn-1] 
doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22696492A181452933.en
. Retrieved 5 February 2022.

[2] Helbig et al. (1994), Wink et al. (1998), Wink et al. (2004), Nittinger et al. (2005)

[1]

[2]