Lake Skadar
Lake Shkodër | ||
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Lake Skadar, Lake Shkodra, Lake Scutari | ||
Primary inflows Morača | | |
Primary outflows | Bojana | |
Basin countries | Albania, Montenegro | |
Max. length | 44 km (27 mi) | |
Max. width | 14 km (8.7 mi) | |
Surface area | 370–530 km2 (140–200 sq mi) | |
Average depth | 5.01 m (16.4 ft) | |
Max. depth | 8.3 m (27 ft)[1] 44 m (144 ft)[citation needed] | |
Water volume | 1,931.62×10 6 m3 (68.215×10 9 cu ft) | |
Shore length1 | 207 km (129 mi) is total length of coastline (including islands). | |
Surface elevation | 6 m (20 ft) | |
References | [1] | |
Official name | Skadarsko Jezero | |
Designated | 13 December 1995 | |
Reference no. | 784[2] | |
Official name | Lake Shkodra and River Buna | |
Designated | 2 February 2006 | |
Reference no. | 1598[3] | |
1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure. |
Lake Skadar (Montenegrin: Скадарско језеро, Skadarsko jezero, pronounced [skâdarskɔː jɛ̂zɛrɔ]; Albanian: Liqeni i Shkodrës, pronounced [liˈcɛni i ˈʃkɔdrəs]) – also called Lake Scutari, Lake Shkodër and Lake Shkodra – lies on the border of Albania and Montenegro, and is the largest lake in Southern Europe. It is named after the city of Shkodër which lies at its southeastern coast. It is a karst lake.
The Montenegrin section of the lake and surrounding land has been designated as a national park, while the Albanian section is a nature reserve and a Ramsar site.
Geography
Lake Skadar is the largest lake in the
The lake is located in the border area between Montenegro and Albania, the Montenegrin share of the area of the lake is larger than the Albanian one. The lake's water level also varies seasonally from 4.7 to 9.8 metres (15 to 32 ft) above sea level. The lake extends northwest to southeast, and it is approximately 44 km (27 miles) long.[1]
The Bojana River connects the lake with the Adriatic Sea, and the
There are additionally some fresh water sources at the lake bottom. A characteristic feature of Lake Skadar’s water balance is the high inflow from a number of temporary and permanent
Some small islands like
The climate type is hot-summer Mediterranean climate with dry summers (Csa), under Köppen climate classification.[1]
The Montenegrin part of the lake and its surrounding area were declared a
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View of the lake, Albania
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Western part of the lake near Rijeka Crnojevića, Montenegro
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Horseshoe bend in the northwest corner
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Outflow at Shkodër in Albania
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Fortress Grmožur in Lake Skadar, Montenegro
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Lake Skadar, Montenegro
Geology
Lake Skadar is presumably an ancient lake, although it is a relatively young ancient lake.[1]
Most authors agree that the Lake Skadar basin is of
Fauna
The Lake Skadar system is a well-known hotspot of freshwater biodiversity and harbors a highly diverse mollusc fauna.[1]
Lake Skadar is one of the largest bird
.It is abundant in fish, especially in carp, bleak and eel. Of the 34 native fish species, 7 are endemic to Lake Skadar.[7]
At the scale of Lake Skadar, about 31% of freshwater snails (12 out of 39 species sampled in the lake) are endemic.[1] At the scale of the Lake Skadar basin, 38% (19 species) of the total freshwater gastropod fauna appear to be endemic.[1] There were reliably recorded 50 species of freshwater snails from the Lake Shkodër basin.[1] The index of freshwater gastropod endemism is 0.478.[1] With this relatively high value, Lake Shkodër exceeds such famous lakes as Lake Malawi and Lake Titicaca.[1] The Lake Skadar is inhabited by five species of Bithynia and it is a hot spot of Bithynia evolution.[1]
There are 17
The small range of many endemic species living in the Lake Skadar system together with ever increasing human pressure make its fauna particularly vulnerable.[1] This becomes even more important in light of ongoing eutrophication, water pollution and sand and gravel exploration activities in the lake and its basin.[1] Research of the phytoplankton community and chlorophyll-based trophic state indices show that the lake is on a betamesosaprobic level of saprobity, which means moderately polluted with organic compounds.[1] Effects of human-induced environmental changes are especially evident for sublacustrine springs, with eutrophication and use for water supply (e.g., sublacustrine spring Karuč) being the most serious threats.[1]
The 2011
Cultural impact
Radio Skadar, a radio station based in Podgorica, is named after Lake Skadar.
See also
- Shaqari Island
References
- ^
- ^ "Skadarsko Jezero". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
- ^ "Lake Shkodra and River Buna". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
- ^ Ramsar (August 4, 2010). "The list of wetlands of international importance" (PDF) (in English and Spanish). Ramsar. p. 5. Retrieved 14 August 2010.
- ^ Vukotić, Jovan D. (1983). Borbena dejstva u savlađivanju vodenih prepreka u NOR-u: 1941-1945. Vojnoizdavački zavod. p. 14.
Батаљон Ловћенског НОП одреда »Царев Лаз« је у садејству са деловима батаљона »13. јули« 12. фебруара 1942. извршио препад на италијански пароброд »Скендербег« на Скадарском језеру...
- ^ Radoman P. (1985). "Hydrobioidea a superfamily Prosobranchia (Gastropoda), II. Origin, Zoogeography, Evolution in the Balkans and Asia Minor". Monographs Institute of Zoology Belgrade 1: 1-173.
- ^ Talevski, Milošević, Marić, Petrović, Talevska and Talevska (2009). Biodiversity of Ichthyofauna from Lake Prespa, Lake Ohrid and Lake Skadar. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 23(2). ISSN 1310-2818