Lampriformes

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Lampriformes
Temporal range: Campanian–Recent
Lophotidae
)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Superorder: Lamprimorpha
Order: Lampriformes
Regan, 1909
Type species
Lampris guttatus
Brünnich, 1788
Diversity
7 living families
Synonyms

Allotriognathi
Bathysomi
Lampridiformes (lapsus?)

Lampriformes

genera with some 20 species altogether are recognized.[1] They are the only extant members of the superorder Lamprimorpha, which was formerly diverse throughout much of the Late Cretaceous.[2][3]

The

Lampris (the type genus) + the standard fish order suffix "-formes". It ultimately derives from Ancient Greek lamprós (λαμπρός, "bright") + Latin forma ("external form"), the former in reference to brilliant coloration of opahs.[4]

Description and ecology

Lampris guttatus on Faroese stamp FO 546 by Astrid Andreasen

These oceanic fishes are pelagic feeders that stay well above the sea floor, and normally occur in waters 100–1000 m deep. They are typically brightly coloured as adults, often with brilliant crimson fins. Lampriforms have highly variable body forms, but they are generally laterally compressed. Some are rounded in lateral view, while others are very elongated. The former are termed bathysomes—"deep-bodies", from Ancient Greek bathýs (βᾶθύς) "deep" + sōma (σῶμα) "body"—and the latter taeniosomes—"ribbon-bodies", Greek tainía (ταινία) "ribbon". They vary greatly in size, too, ranging from less than 30 cm (12 in) in the sailfin moonfishes (Veliferidae) to Regalecus glesne, the longest of all living bony fishes, which may reach 17 m (56 ft) in length.[5]

The lampriforms have 84 to 96 total

scales or naked skin.[6]

Systematics and evolution

The Lampriformes are anatomically similar to some

superorder Lampridiomorpha. Unlike their presumed relatives, they lack fin spines, however, and other authors have considered them to form a lineage just outside the Acanthomorpha, and the sister taxon of the Myctophiformes. Molecular data also support the view that the Lampriformes are close to the advanced Teleostei. But the data do not agree on their exact relationships, and the Myctophiformes are also inferred to be close to the Protacanthopterygii, one of the core groups of moderately advanced teleosts. As modern taxonomy tries to avoid a profusion of small taxa, and the delimitation of the Euteleostei (Protacanthopterygii sensu stricto and their allies) versus Acanthopterygii remains uncertain, the systematics and taxonomy of the Lampriformes among the teleosts are in need of further study.[7]

Reconstruction of Analectis pala, the youngest-known member of the extinct bathysome Turkmenidae, which dates from the Late Oligocene

The lampriforms diverged from other teleosts in the

basal lampriforms were bathysomes, while the taeniosome body shape is apomorphic and seems to have evolved only once. The order underwent its main radiation in the Paleocene period; the opah-like Turkmenidae were a family of lampriforms thriving at that time, but going extinct around the start of the Neogene, about 23 Mya. Other fossil Lampridiformes are Bajaichthys, Palaeocentrotus, and Veronavelifer.[6]

Classification

Giant oarfish, Regalecus glesne (Regalecidae), caught in 1996 off Coronado, California
Scalloped ribbonfish, Zu cristatus (Trachipteridae
)

The order is occasionally divided into the Bathysomi and the Taeniosomi. The former are a

genera and species, can thus be given as:[8]

Basal and incertae sedis

Suborder Taeniosomi

  • Family Lophotidae — crestfishes (two genera, three species)
  • Family Radiicephalidae — tapertail (monotypic)
  • Family Trachipteridae — ribbonfishes (three genera, 10 species)
  • Family Regalecidae — oarfishes (two genera, four species)

Timeline of genera

QuaternaryNeogenePaleogeneHolocenePleist.Plio.MioceneOligoceneEocenePaleoceneLamprisProtolophotusAnalectisEolophotesBajaichthysWhitephippusDanatiniaPalaeocentrotusTurkmeneBathysomaQuaternaryNeogenePaleogeneHolocenePleist.Plio.MioceneOligoceneEocenePaleocene

Footnotes

  1. ^ Nelson (2006): pp.226,228
  2. ISSN 1477-2019
    .
  3. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6
    .
  4. ^ Woodhouse (1910), Glare (1968-1982), FishBase (2006), Nelson (2006): pp.226-230
  5. ^ Woodhouse (1910), Olney (1998), Nelson (2006): p.226
  6. ^ a b Olney (1998), Nelson (2006): p.226
  7. ^ Nelson (2006): p.226, Diogo (2008)
  8. ^ Nelson (2006): pp.226-230
  9. ISSN 0272-4634
    .

References

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