Lan blood group system

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ABCB6 (Lan blood group antigen; LAN1)
Identifiers
SymbolABCB6
Chr. 2 q36
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The Lan blood group system (short for Langereis) is a human

transfusion reactions on subsequent exposures to Lan-positive blood, and have also been implicated in mild cases of hemolytic disease of the newborn. However, the clinical significance of the antibody is variable. The antigen was first described in 1961, and Lan was officially designated a blood group in 2012.[1][2]

Molecular biology

Autosomal recessive inheritance

The Lan antigen is carried on the protein

alleles of ABCB6.[1][2] Some variant alleles cause a weak positive phenotype, which may be mistaken for a Lan-negative phenotype in serologic testing.[2] As of 2018, more than 40 null or weak alleles of ABCB6 have been described.[3]

ABCB6 is involved in

Junior blood group antigen), may compensate.[4]: 220 [6] A 2018 study found that Lan-negative blood cells exhibited resistance to Plasmodium falciparum in vitro.[7]

Epidemiology

The prevalence of the Lan antigen exceeds 99.9% in most populations. The frequency of the Lan-negative blood type is estimated at 1 in 50,000 in Japanese populations, 1 in 20,000 in Caucasians, and 1 in 1,500 in black people from South Africa.[2]

Clinical significance

When Lan-negative individuals are exposed to Lan-positive blood through

antibody titer is high.[2] One case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia involving auto-anti-Lan has been described.[2]

Laboratory testing

Serologic reagents and molecular assays for Lan

antigen typing were not commercially available as of 2013.[2]

Anti-Lan antibodies are typically composed of

ficin, papain, trypsin, DTT, and EDTA/glycine-acid.[2][4]
: 220 

History

The Lan antigen was first described in 1961 by Van der Hart et al.,[8] when a Dutch patient suffered a severe hemolytic transfusion reaction.[4]: 220 [5]: 489  The patient was found to produce an antibody that reacted with all but 1 out of 4,000 blood donors tested. The causative antigen was identified and designated "Langereis" after the patient's last name.[2] Lan was officially designated a blood group by the International Society of Blood Transfusion in 2012, following the discovery of the molecular basis of the Lan-negative phenotype.[4]: 220 [9][10]

References

  1. ^ a b c Bocchini CA (2015). "#111600 - BLOOD GROUP, LANGEREIS SYSTEM; LAN". Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
  2. ^
    S2CID 38708222
    .
  3. S2CID 52933848. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 2021-07-13. Retrieved 2020-05-16.
  4. ^
    ISBN 978-0-8036-9462-0
    .
  5. ^
    ISBN 978-1-118-49354-0
    .
  6. S2CID 84328440
    .
  7. PMID 30271928
    .
  8. ^ van der Hart M, Moes M, van der Veer M, van Loghem JJ (1961). "Ho and Lan—two new blood group antigens". Proceedings of the 8th Congress of the European Society of Haematology, Vienna (Austria): 493–505.
  9. PMID 22246506
    .
  10. S2CID 83580827
    .
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