Lana Del Rey

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Lana Del Rey
Alt-pop
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  • dream pop
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    Elizabeth Woolridge Grant (born June 21, 1985), known professionally as Lana Del Rey, is an American singer-songwriter.

    Hitmakers Awards for being "one of the most influential singer-songwriters of the 21st century". Rolling Stone placed Del Rey on their list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time (2023), and Rolling Stone UK named her The Greatest American Songwriter of the 21st century (2023).[3][4]

    Raised in upstate New York, Del Rey moved to New York City in 2005 to pursue a music career. After numerous projects, including her self-titled debut studio album, Del Rey's breakthrough came in 2011 with the viral success of her single "Video Games"; she subsequently signed a recording contract with Polydor and Interscope.[5] She achieved critical and commercial success with her major label debut album, Born to Die (2012), which contained the sleeper hit "Summertime Sadness". Born To Die became her first of six number-one albums in the UK, and also topped various national charts around the world. Del Rey's third album, Ultraviolence (2014), featured greater use of guitar-driven instrumentation and debuted atop the U.S. Billboard 200.

    Her fourth and fifth albums,

    Say Yes To Heaven
    ".

    Del Rey has collaborated on soundtracks for visual media; in 2013, she wrote and starred in the critically acclaimed musical short

    Critics' Choice Award nominations. In 2014, she recorded "Once Upon a Dream" for the dark fantasy adventure film Maleficent and the titular theme song for the biopic Big Eyes, which was nominated for a Golden Globe Award.[12][13] Del Rey also recorded the collaboration "Don't Call Me Angel" for the action comedy Charlie's Angels (2019). Del Rey published the poetry and photography collection Violet Bent Backwards over the Grass
    (2020).

    Early life and education

    Elizabeth Grant was born on June 21, 1985,

    cantor.[21][27]

    She attended the high school where her mother taught for one year,[26] but when she was 14[28] or 15,[29] her parents sent her to Kent School[30] to get sober from alcoholism. Grant shared in an interview: "That's really why I got sent to boarding school aged 14—to get sober."[28] Her uncle, an admissions officer at the school, secured her financial aid to attend.[31] According to Grant, she had trouble making friends during much of her teenage and early adult years.[32][33] She has said she was preoccupied with death from a young age, and its role in her feelings of anxiety and alienation:

    When I was very young I was sort of floored by the fact that my mother and my father and everyone I knew was going to die one day, and myself too. I had a sort of a philosophical crisis. I couldn't believe that we were mortal. For some reason that knowledge sort of overshadowed my experience. I was unhappy for some time. I got into a lot of trouble. I used to drink a lot. That was a hard time in my life.[34]

    After graduating from Kent School, she spent a year living on Long Island with her aunt and uncle and working as a waitress.[25] During this time, Grant's uncle taught her to play guitar and she "realized [that she] could probably write a million songs with those six chords".[35] Shortly after, she began writing songs and performing in nightclubs around the city under various names such as "Sparkle Jump Rope Queen" and "Lizzy Grant and the Phenomena".[35] "I was always singing, but didn't plan on pursuing it seriously", she said. "When I got to New York City when I was eighteen, I started playing in clubs in Brooklyn—I have good friends and devoted fans on the underground scene, but we were playing for each other at that point—and that was it."[15]

    In fall 2004, at age 19, Grant enrolled at Fordham University in The Bronx, New York City, where she majored in philosophy, with an emphasis on metaphysics.[15] She has said she chose to study the subject because it "bridged the gap between God and science... I was interested in God and how technology could bring us closer to finding out where we came from and why."[15]

    Career

    2005–2010: Career beginnings and early recordings

    Further information: Sirens (May Jailer album), Kill Kill, and Lana Del Ray (album)
    Lana Turner, a film actress who inspired Del Rey's stage name

    In spring 2005, while still in college, Del Rey registered a seven-track extended play with the United States Copyright Office; the application title was Rock Me Stable with another title, Young Like Me, also listed.[36] A second extended play, From the End, was also recorded under Del Rey's stage name at the time, May Jailer.[37] Between 2005 and 2006, she recorded an acoustic album, Sirens, under the May Jailer project,[37] which leaked on the internet in mid-2012.[38]

    I wanted to be part of a high-class scene of musicians. It was half-inspired because I didn't have many friends, and I was hoping that I would meet people and fall in love and start a community around me, the way they used to do in the '60s.

    —Del Rey explaining why she went into the music industry.[33]

    At her first public performance in 2006 for the Williamsburg Live Songwriting Competition, Del Rey met Van Wilson, an A&R representative for 5 Points Records,

    independent label owned by David Nichtern.[40] In 2007, while a senior at Fordham, she submitted a demo tape of acoustic tracks, No Kung Fu, to 5 Points,[37] which offered her a recording contract for $10,000.[37] She used the money to relocate to Manhattan Mobile Home Park, a trailer park in North Bergen, New Jersey,[15][30] and began working with producer David Kahne.[40] Nichtern recalled: "Our plan was to get it all organized and have a record to go and she'd be touring right after she graduated from college. Like a lot of artists, she morphed. When she first came to us, she was playing plunky little acoustic guitar, [had] sort of straight blonde hair, very cute young woman. A little bit dark, but very intelligent. We heard that. But she very quickly kept evolving."[40]

    Del Rey graduated from Fordham with a

    EP, Kill Kill, as Lizzy Grant, featuring production by Kahne.[41] She explained: "David asked to work with me only a day after he got my demo. He is known as a producer with a lot of integrity and who had an interest in making music that wasn't just pop."[42] Meanwhile, Del Rey was doing community outreach work for homeless individuals and drug addicts;[15] she had become interested in community service work in college, when she "took a road trip across the country to paint and rebuild houses on a Native American reservation".[21][43]

    Of choosing a stage name for her feature debut album, she said: "I wanted a name I could shape the music towards. I was going to Miami quite a lot at the time, speaking a lot of Spanish with my friends from Cuba—Lana Del Rey reminded us of the glamour of the seaside. It sounded gorgeous coming off the tip of the tongue."[44] The name was also inspired by actress Lana Turner and the Ford Del Rey sedan, produced and sold in Brazil in the 1980s.[45] Initially she used the alternate spelling Lana Del Ray, the name under which her self-titled debut album was released in January 2010.[40] Her father helped with the marketing of the album,[46] which was available for purchase on iTunes for a brief period before being withdrawn in April 2010.[40] Kahne and Nichtern both said that Del Rey bought the rights back from 5 Points, as she wanted it out of circulation to "stifle future opportunities to distribute it—an echo of rumors the action was part of a calculated strategy".[40][47]

    Del Rey met her managers, Ben Mawson and Ed Millett, three months after Lana Del Ray was released, and they helped her get out of her contract with 5 Points Records, where, in her opinion, "nothing was happening". Shortly after, she moved to London, and moved in with Mawson "for a few years".[21] On September 1, 2010, Del Rey was featured by Mando Diao in its MTV Unplugged concert at Union Film-Studios in Berlin.[48] The same year, she acted in a short film, Poolside, which she made with several friends.[49]

    2011–2013: Breakthrough with Born to Die and Paradise

    Further information: Born to Die, Paradise (Lana Del Rey EP), and Born to Die: The Paradise Edition

    In 2011, Del Rey uploaded self-made music videos for her songs "

    Barrie-James O'Neill in the same year. The couple split in 2014 after three years together.[55] Del Rey performed two songs from the album on Saturday Night Live on January 14, 2012, and received a negative response from various critics and the general public, who deemed the performance uneven and vocally shaky.[56][57] She had earlier defended her spot on the program, saying: "I'm a good musician ... I have been singing for a long time, and I think that [SNL creator] Lorne Michaels knows that ... it's not a fluke decision."[56]

    Del Rey attending the 2012 Cannes Film Festival

    Born to Die was released worldwide on January 31, 2012, to commercial success, charting at number one in 11 countries and debuting at number two on the US Billboard 200 album chart, although critics at the time were divided.[58][59] The same week, she announced she had bought back the rights to her 2010 debut album and had plans to re-release it in the summer of 2012 under Interscope Records and Polydor.[60] Contrary to Del Rey's press statement, her previous record label and producer David Kahne have both stated that she bought the rights to the album when she and the label parted company, due to the offer of a new deal, in April 2010.[61] Born to Die sold 3.4 million copies in 2012, making it the fifth-best-selling album of 2012.[62][63][64] In the United States, Born to Die charted on the Billboard 200 well into 2012, lingering at number 76, after 36 weeks on the chart.[65] As of February 3, 2024, Born to Die has spent 520 weeks (10 years) on the Billboard 200, making Del Rey the second woman to reach this milestone, previously achieved only by Adele.[66]

    In September 2012, Del Rey unveiled the F-Type for Jaguar at the Paris Motor Show[67] and later recorded the song "Burning Desire", which appeared in a promotional short film for the vehicle.[68][69] Adrian Hallmark, Jaguar's global brand director, explained the company's choice, saying Del Rey had "a unique blend of authenticity and modernity".[67] In late September 2012, a music video for Del Rey's cover of "Blue Velvet" was released as a promotional single for the H&M 2012 autumn campaign, which Del Rey also modeled for in print advertising.[70][71] On September 25, Del Rey released the single "Ride" in promotion of her upcoming EP, Paradise.[72] She subsequently premiered the music video for "Ride" at the Aero Theatre in Santa Monica, California, on October 10, 2012.[73][74] Some critics panned the video for being allegedly pro-prostitution[74][75] and antifeminist, due to Del Rey's portrayal of a prostitute in a biker gang.[35][76]

    Brit Awards in February 2013, she won the award for International Female Solo Artist,[80] followed by two Echo Award wins, in the categories of Best International Newcomer and Best International Pop/Rock Artist.[81]

    Over the next several months, she released videos of two cover songs: one of

    Barrie-James O'Neill, of Lee Hazlewood and Nancy Sinatra's "Summer Wine".[83] In May 2013, Del Rey released an original song, "Young and Beautiful" for the soundtrack of the 2013 film adaptation of The Great Gatsby.[84] Following the song's release, it peaked at 22 on the Billboard Hot 100.[85] However, shortly after its release to contemporary hit radio, the label prematurely pulled it and decided to send a different song to radio; on July 2, 2013, a Cedric Gervais remix of Del Rey's "Summertime Sadness" was sent to radio; a sleeper hit, the song proved to be a commercial success, surpassing "Young and Beautiful", reaching number 6 on the Billboard Hot 100 and becoming her first American top ten hit.[86] The remix won the Grammy Award for Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical in 2013,[87] while "Young and Beautiful" was nominated for Best Song Written for Visual Media.[78]

    In June 2013, Del Rey filmed Tropico, a musical short film paired to tracks from Paradise, directed by Anthony Mandler.[88][89] Del Rey screened the film on December 4, 2013, at the Cinerama Dome in Hollywood.[90] On December 6, the soundtrack was released on digital outlets.[91][92]

    2014–2016: Ultraviolence, Honeymoon, and film work

    Further information:
    Coachella Festival
    in 2014

    On January 26, 2014, Del Rey released a cover of "

    Ultraviolence, featuring production by Dan Auerbach.[94] Ultraviolence was released on June 13, 2014, and debuted at number one in 12 countries, including the United States and United Kingdom. The album, which sold 880,000 copies worldwide in its first week,[95] was preceded by the singles "West Coast", "Shades of Cool",[96] "Ultraviolence",[97] and "Brooklyn Baby".[98] She began dating photographer Francesco Carrozzini after he directed Del Rey's music video for "Ultraviolence"; the two broke up in November 2015 after more than a year.[99] Del Rey described the album as being "more stripped down but still cinematic and dark",[100] while some critics characterized the record as psychedelic[101] and desert rock-influenced, more prominently featuring guitar instrumentation than her previous releases.[102][103] Later that year, Del Rey contributed the songs "Big Eyes" and "I Can Fly" to Tim Burton's 2014 biographical film Big Eyes.[104]

    Grimes as opening acts.[110] Additionally, Del Rey co-wrote and provided vocals on the track "Prisoner" from the Weeknd's Beauty Behind the Madness, released on August 28, 2015.[111]

    In November 2015, Del Rey executive produced a short film

    MTV Europe Music Award for Best Alternative.[115]

    On February 9, 2016, Del Rey premiered a music video for the song "

    certified double-platinum in the US.[122]

    2017–2019: Lust for Life and Norman Fucking Rockwell!

    Further information: Lust for Life (Lana Del Rey album) and Norman Fucking Rockwell!
    Del Rey performing at the Flow Festival in Helsinki, Finland, in 2017

    Del Rey's fifth studio album,

    Groupie Love", also with Rocky.[126] Prior to its release, Del Rey commented: "I made my first 4 albums for me, but this one is for my fans and about where I hope we are all headed."[127] The record further featured collaborations with Stevie Nicks[128] and Sean Ono Lennon,[129] marking the first time she has featured other artists on her own release. The album received generally favorable reviews[130] and became Del Rey's third number-one album in the United Kingdom, and second number-one album in the United States.[131][132] On September 27, 2017, Del Rey announced the LA to the Moon Tour, an official concert tour with Jhené Aiko and Kali Uchis to further promote the album. The tour began in North America during January 2018[133] and concluded in August. Lust for Life was nominated for Best Pop Vocal Album for the 60th Grammy Awards, marking Del Rey's second nomination in the category.[134]

    In January 2018, Del Rey announced that she was in a lawsuit with British rock band

    Warner/Chappell denied the lawsuit, as well as Del Rey's claims of the band asking for "100% of the song's royalties".[136] Del Rey announced that summer while performing at Lollapalooza in Brazil the lawsuit was "over".[135]

    Throughout 2018, Del Rey appeared as a guest vocalist on several tracks by other musicians, including "Living with Myself" by Jonathan Wilson for Rare Birds (2018),[137] "God Save Our Young Blood" and "Blue Madonna" by Børns for Blue Madonna (2018),[138] and "Woman" by Cat Power for Wanderer (2018).[139] In November 2019, Del Rey was announced as the face of Gucci's Guilty fragrances and subsequently appeared in print and television advertisements with Jared Leto and Courtney Love.[140][141] The campaign was centered around the concept of "Hollyweird".[142] Gucci creative director Alessandro Michele said Guilty is a scent for a woman who does whatever she wants; Del Rey stated she is "very much that person".[142]

    Del Rey performing at the Grammy Museum in October 2019

    On August 6, 2019, Del Rey presented filmmaker Guillermo del Toro with his star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and subsequently released a cover of "Season of the Witch" for his film, Scary Stories to Tell in the Dark.[143] On the same day, Del Rey released the non-album single "Looking for America", which she spontaneously wrote and recorded earlier that week in response to back-to-back mass shootings in El Paso and Dayton.[144]

    Her sixth studio album,

    Grammy Awards, Album of the Year and Song of the Year, for its title track.[159][160] Norman Fucking Rockwell! marked the first time Del Rey worked with Jack Antonoff, who co-wrote and produced much of the album;[161] Antonoff later worked with Del Rey on her following studio album[162] and spoken word album.[163]

    In September, Del Rey was featured on a collaboration with

    certified Gold in several countries.[165][166] In November, Del Rey appeared in the Amazon Prime special The Kacey Musgraves Christmas Show, alongside guests such as Camila Cabello, James Corden, and Troye Sivan.[167][168]

    2020–2021: Chemtrails over the Country Club, Blue Banisters, and poetry collections

    Further information: Violet Bent Backwards over the Grass, Chemtrails over the Country Club, and Blue Banisters

    In an interview for L'Officiel's first American edition in early 2018, when asked about her interest in making a film, Del Rey responded she had been approached to write a Broadway musical and had recently begun work on it. When asked how long it would be until completion of the work, she replied, "I may finish in two or three years."[169][170] She also announced she would be contributing to the soundtrack of a new adaptation of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.[171]

    After announcing a spoken word album in 2019, Del Rey released Violet Bent Backwards over the Grass and its corresponding spoken word album in 2020. The physical book was released on September 29 and the Jack Antonoff-produced audiobook on July 28.[172][173] The spoken word poem "LA Who Am I to Love You" was released as the lead single the day before the album's release. In May 2020, Del Rey announced a second book, Behind the Iron Gates – Insights from the Institution, which was originally planned to be released in March 2021;[174] her progress on the book was lost when the manuscript was stolen from her car in 2022.[175]

    In September 2020, Del Rey was featured on a remix of Matt Maeson's 2019 song "Hallucinogenics". The duo had previously performed the song together live in 2019. In November 2020, Del Rey announced that she would release a digital record composed of "American standards and classics" on Christmas Day, though it has yet to be released.[176] The record features several songs recorded with Nikki Lane. The same month, she contributed to a documentary about Liverpool F.C., The End of the Storm, where she performed the club's anthem, "You'll Never Walk Alone". Del Rey also released the cover as a limited-edition single, with all profits going to the LFC foundation.[177] Del Rey is known to be a fan of the club, and has attended matches at Anfield.[178] In December 2020, it was reported that she was engaged to musician Clayton Johnson.[179]

    On March 19, 2021, Del Rey released her seventh studio album, Chemtrails over the Country Club, to critical acclaim.[180] Announced in 2019, the album was originally slated for release in 2020 under the title White Hot Forever[181][171] but was postponed in November 2020 due to a delay in vinyl manufacturing. Like Norman Fucking Rockwell!, Chemtrails over the Country Club was mostly produced by Del Rey alongside Jack Antonoff.[182] It was preceded by the singles "Let Me Love You like a Woman" on October 16, 2020,[183] and the title track on January 11, 2021.[184][185] Music videos were released for both songs as well as "White Dress".[186]

    Her eighth studio album, Blue Banisters, was released on October 22, 2021.[187][188][189] It was preceded by the simultaneous release of three songs on May 20, 2021: the title track, "Text Book", and "Wildflower Wildfire",[190] as well as the release of the single "Arcadia" on September 8, 2021.[191] A music video was released for "Arcadia" on September 8, 2021, with an alternate music video for the track released on October 7, 2021. A music video for the track "Blue Banisters" was released on October 20, 2021.

    2022–present: Did You Know That There's a Tunnel Under Ocean Blvd and Lasso

    Further information: Did You Know That There's a Tunnel Under Ocean Blvd and Lasso (album)

    On January 21, 2022, Del Rey premiered a song titled "Watercolor Eyes" on an episode of Euphoria.[192] Del Rey confirmed in 2022 she had been working on new music and poetry; however, on October 19, 2022, she posted a series of videos to her Instagram revealing her car was burgled "a few months"[193] prior, and her backpack—containing a laptop, hard drives, and three camcorders—was stolen, giving thieves access to unfinished songs, a 200-page manuscript of her upcoming poetry book Behind the Iron Gates - Insights from an Institution, and two years' worth of family video footage. Del Rey erased the stolen laptop's contents remotely, which contained the only working copy of her poetry book.[193][175] "Despite all of this happening, I am confident in the record to come",[175] Del Rey concluded in her Instagram videos.[175] On October 21, 2022, Del Rey was featured on "Snow on the Beach" by Taylor Swift,[194] on her album Midnights, written by Swift, Del Rey, and Jack Antonoff.[195] The song debuted at number 4 on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming Del Rey's highest-peaking entry on the chart.[196]

    On December 7, 2022, Del Rey released "

    A&W" was released as the second single from the album and, a month later, on March 14, 2023, the third single of the album, "The Grants", was released.[199][200] Did You Know That There's a Tunnel Under Ocean Blvd was released on March 24, 2023.[197]

    On May 19, 2023, Del Rey released her popular unreleased song "Say Yes to Heaven" as a single, having previously written and recorded it in November 2013, planning to include it in Ultraviolence, before cutting it. Parts of the song were leaked on August 15, 2016, and released on Spotify by others impersonating Del Rey.[201] On May 26, 2023, Taylor Swift released a remix of "Snow on the Beach", featuring "more" Lana Del Rey, along with the Til Dawn edition of her album Midnights, due to demand from fans wanting Del Rey to have a verse in the song, when in the original she only had backing vocals.[202] On July 20, 2023, Del Rey was spotted pouring coffee and chatting with customers at a Waffle House in Florence, Alabama, in full employee uniform complete with her own "Lana" name tag.[203] In 2023, Del Rey embarked on a tour in support of Did You Know That There's a Tunnel Under Ocean Blvd.[204]

    On October 20, 2023, Del Rey featured in Holly Macve's single "Suburban House". Macve shared that the two artists had originally crossed paths in 2017 and that she was a "big fan of [Lana's] music".[205] On November 10, 2023, Del Rey earned 5 nominations to the 2024 Grammy Awards, which include Album of the Year and Best Alternative Music Album for Did You Know That There's a Tunnel Under Ocean Blvd, Song of the Year and Best Alternative Music Performance for "A&W", and Best Pop Duo/Group Performance for "Candy Necklace" with Jon Batiste.[206] She was hired as the face for the Skims 2024 Valentines Day Collection.[207] On January 31, 2024, Del Rey announced at Billboard's pre-Grammy event that her next country album, Lasso, will be released in September 2024.[208]

    Artistry

    Musical style

    Del Rey has been labeled an "

    alt-pop"[209]
    or alternative pop artist.
    alternative pop.[222] Del Rey elaborated on her connection to the past in an interview with Artistdirect, saying "I wasn't even born in the '50s but I feel like I was there."[223]

    Of Born to Die, AllMusic stated that its "sultry, overstated

    chanteuse for a generation raised on Adderall and the Internet, with heavy doses of Twin Peaks atmosphere".[224] Del Rey's subsequent releases would introduce variant styles, particularly Ultraviolence, which employed a guitar-based sound akin to psychedelic and desert rock.[225] Kenneth Partridge of Billboard noted this shift in style, writing: "She sings about drugs, cars, money, and the bad boys she's always falling for, and while there remains a sepia-toned mid-century flavor to many of these songs, [Del Rey] is no longer fronting like a thugged-out Bette Davis."[226] Upon the release of Honeymoon, one reviewer characterized Del Rey's body of work as being "about music as a time warp, with her languorous croons over molasses-like arrangements meant to make clock hands seem to move so slowly that it feels possible, at times, they might go backwards".[227]

    Prior to coming to prominence under the stage name Lana Del Rey, she performed under the names Lizzy Grant, Lana Rey Del Mar,

    Hawaiian glam metal",[231] while the work of her May Jailer project was acoustic.[232]

    Influences

    Frank Sinatra in 1957
    Amy Winehouse in 2007
    Artists from Frank Sinatra (left) to Amy Winehouse (right) have influenced Del Rey and her music.

    Del Rey cites a wide array of musical artists as influences, including numerous pop, jazz, and blues performers from the mid-twentieth century, such as Andrew Lloyd Webber,[233] Frank Sinatra, Nina Simone, Billie Holiday, Bobby Vinton,[234] The Crystals,[234] and Miles Davis.[235] Torch singers Julie London[236] and Julee Cruise have also served as influences.[234] "[I really] just like the masters of every genre", she told BBC radio presenter Jo Whiley in 2012, specifically naming Nirvana, Bob Dylan, Frank Sinatra, and Elvis Presley.[237]

    Several rock and pop musicians and groups from the late-twentieth century have also inspired Del Rey, such as Bruce Springsteen,[238] Britney Spears,[239] singer-songwriter Lou Reed, and rock band the Eagles, as well as folk musicians such as Leonard Cohen[234] and Joan Baez. Del Rey has also cited contemporary artists, such as singer-songwriter Cat Power,[238] Hole frontwoman Courtney Love,[240] rapper Eminem, and singer-songwriter Amy Winehouse as artists she looked up to.[234] Del Rey has cited the soundtrack to American Beauty as a partial inspiration for her album Born to Die (2012).[241]

    Inspired by poetry, Del Rey cites Walt Whitman and Allen Ginsberg as instrumental to her songwriting.[242][243] Del Rey has cited film directors, David Lynch and Federico Fellini, and painters, Mark Ryden and Pablo Picasso, as influences[223][244] and has stated actress Lauren Bacall is someone she admires.[245] She has an interest in and was influenced by the book Lolita and the title character, as well as the films it spawned in 1962 and in 1997. She has demonstrated Lolita fashion in the past and even wrote a same-titled song, included as a bonus track on some editions of her 2012 album Born to Die.

    Voice and timbre

    Del Rey possesses an expansive contralto vocal range, which spans three-plus octaves and has been described as captivating and highly emotive, ranging with great ease from high notes in a girlish timbre to jazzy ornaments in her lower register.[246] Following the release of Ultraviolence, which was recorded live in single takes and lacking Pro Tools vocal editing, critics increasingly appreciated Del Rey's vocal ability, praising her large range, increased vocal confidence, and uniquely emotive delivery.[247] When recording in the studio, Del Rey is known for vocal multi-layering, which, as it has been noted, is difficult for her to replicate within a live setting, especially with the lack of backing singers to fill out the original vocal style.[248] Stage fright has also been noted as a major contribution to Del Rey's struggles with live performances;[249] however, journalists noted in 2014 her live performances had increased in confidence. Billboard deemed the Coachella debut of "West Coast" to be a "star-making performance" and lauded the singer's vocal abilities.[250][251] Contemporary music critics have called her voice "smoky",[252] "gravelly",[231] and reminiscent of Marilyn Monroe.[231] Upon the 2015 release of Honeymoon, her voice was compared by Los Angeles Times critic Mikael Wood to those of Julee Cruise and Eartha Kitt.[253]

    Del Rey began using lower vocals with Born to Die, claiming "people weren't taking me very seriously, so I lowered my voice, believing that it would help me stand out. Now I sing quite low... well, for a female anyway".[254] "I sing low now, but my voice used to be a lot higher. Because of the way I look, I needed something to ground the entire project. Otherwise I think people would assume I was some airhead singer. Well, I don't think... I know. I've sung one way, and sung another, and I've seen what people are drawn to", she said on the topic.[27]

    Videos and stage

    Del Rey performing at the Flow Festival in 2017

    Del Rey's videos are also often characterized for their cinematic quality with a retro flair.[255] In her early career, Del Rey recorded clips of herself singing along to her songs on a webcam and juxtaposed them alongside vintage home videos and films to serve as "homemade music videos",[256] a style which helped gain her early recognition.[256] After the success of these homemade videos, Del Rey had a series of high-budget music videos, including "Born to Die" and "National Anthem" (both 2012) and "Young and Beautiful" (2013).[257][258] Her early videos featured her personas "bad girl"[259] and "gangster Nancy Sinatra".[259]

    Her following videos for tracks such as "Summer Wine", "Carmen", and "Summertime Sadness" were produced off of significantly lower budgets and retained more elements of Del Rey's earlier style. The Ultraviolence era incorporated an admixture of high budget videos and self-made ones, while the Honeymoon era was almost strictly film noir-influenced professionally-shot visuals. Both eras saw some of Del Rey's homemade videos for tracks such as "Pretty When You Cry" and "Honeymoon" go unreleased due to Del Rey's opinions they were "too boring".[260][261] The Lust for Life era was widely characterized for its mildly filtered vintage-inspired look with a futuristic flare. For Norman Fucking Rockwell!, Del Rey's sister, Chuck Grant, directed three videos in Del Rey's "homemade video" format,[262] while Rich Lee directed the two following videos in a vintage but futuristic style, similar to the Lust for Life videos he directed.

    Critics have noted Del Rey for her typically simple but authentic live performances.[263] A September 2017 concert review published in The New York Times noted: "For more than an hour, Ms. Del Rey was eerily casual, singing and smiling with the ease of someone performing at singer-songwriter night at the local coffee shop."[263] Another review by Roy Train for The Hollywood Reporter in 2014 noted "a distance in her bonhomie, obvious even from my perch at the opposite end of the stage high above the fray, the chill still palpable".[264]

    Public image

    Early reception

    Prior to the release of her debut major label album Born to Die in 2012, Del Rey was the subject of several articles discussing her image and career trajectory.[265][266][267] One article by Paul Harris published by The Guardian a week before the album's release noted the differences between Del Rey's perceived persona in 2008, when she performed as Lizzy Grant and posted music videos on YouTube, and in the present, as Lana Del Rey.[266] Harris wrote:

    The internet has allowed figures like [Del Rey] to come rapidly to the fore of the cultural landscape, whether or not their emergence is planned by a record executive or happens spontaneously from someone's bedroom. It has speeded up the fame cycle. It is worth noting that the huge backlash to Del Rey is happening before her first album has even been released. This reveals a cultural obsession with the "authenticity" that fans, artists and corporations all prize above all else.[266]

    Tony Simon, a producer who had worked with Del Rey in 2009, defended her against allegations that she was a product of her record label: "To be clear, all the detractors saying she's some made-up-by-the-machine pop star are full of shit. While it's impossible to keep the businesses' hands out the pop when creating a pop star, the roots of where this all comes from are firmly inside of Lizzy Grant."[37] In Del Rey's own words, she "[n]ever had a persona. Never needed one. Never will."[268]

    In a 2017 interview, Del Rey stated, "I didn't edit myself [on Born to Die] when I could have, because a lot of it's just the way it was. I mean, because I've changed a lot and a lot of those songs, it's not that I don't relate but... A lot of it too is I was just kinda nervous. I came off sort of nervously, and there was just a lot of dualities, a lot of juxtapositions going on that maybe just felt like something was a little off. Maybe the thing that was off was that I needed a little more time or something, and also my path was just so windy just to get to having a first record. I feel like I had to figure it out all by myself. Every move was just guesswork."[269]

    Social views

    Having been labeled as

    Tesla, what's going to happen with our intergalactic possibilities. Whenever people bring up feminism ... I'm just not really that interested."[270]
    She also said:

    For me, a true feminist is someone who is a woman who does exactly what she wants. If my choice is to, I don't know, be with a lot of men, or if I enjoy a really physical relationship, I don't think that's necessarily being anti-feminist. For me the argument of feminism never really should have come into the picture. Because I don't know too much about the history of feminism, and so I'm not really a relevant person to bring into the conversation. Everything I was writing was so autobiographical, it could really only be a personal analysis.[271]

    In 2017, Del Rey further clarified her updated view on feminism in an interview with Pitchfork:[272]

    Because things have shifted culturally. It's more appropriate now than under the Obama administration, where at least everyone I knew felt safe. It was a good time. We were on the up-and-up... Women started to feel less safe under [the Trump] administration instantly. What if they take away Planned Parenthood? What if we can't get birth control? Now, when people ask me those questions, I feel a little differently...[272]

    Following the

    Me Too movement[273] and identified herself as a feminist. In 2020, she voiced her support for a third wave of feminism.[172]

    In May of that year, she attracted criticism for an Instagram post defending herself against accusations of glamorizing abuse in part by pointing out an array of other female artists and their successes with works about "imperfect sexual relationships".[274][275][276] Del Rey responded to the criticism that race was the theme of her post by saying that she mentioned the singers she did because she "[loves] these singers and [knows] them".[277] She clarified that she was referencing those "who don't look strong or necessarily smart, or like they're in control etc.," when she mentioned people "who look like [her]".[278] Del Rey attracted further criticism for briefly posting a video of looters during the George Floyd protests in May 2020.[279]

    Del Rey has frequently been critical of former U.S. President

    On Eagles' Wings".[284]

    During the release of the artwork for Chemtrails Over the Country Club on Instagram, Del Rey gained widespread press coverage for suggesting that her friends, featured on the cover, were "a beautiful mix of everything", saying that she had always been "inclusive without even trying to" throughout her career.[281][285] Del Rey elaborated, saying her close friends and boyfriends had been "rappers" and addressed her critics, saying that before commenters turned it into a "WOC/POC issue", she "wasn't the one storming the capital" and was "changing the world by putting my life and thoughts and love out there".[286][287] She subsequently deleted the comments.[281][288] Following criticism from media outlets, Del Rey tweeted "A woman still can't get mad right? Even when a mob mentality tries to *incite*."[281]

    Charity work

    Over the years, Del Rey has supported multiple causes and made several recordings available as offerings to help support causes she believes in. Her 2019 single "Looking for America" was released in response to the August 3–4, 2019, mass shootings in El Paso, Texas, and Dayton, Ohio, with all proceeds from the song going to relief funds benefiting victims of the August shootings and the July 28, 2019, Gilroy Garlic Festival shooting.[289] In October 2020, she donated $350,000 from the sales of her book Violet Bent Backwards over the Grass to DigDeep,[290] a Los-Angeles-based[291] non-profit organization, founded by George McGraw in 2014, which provides electric-pumped[292] water for some of the most remote[293] families and communities[292] of Navajo Nation.[294] Later in December, Del Rey released a cover of "You'll Never Walk Alone" to benefit charities supported by the Liverpool F.C. Foundation.[295]

    In the early 2000s, Del Rey worked at a homeless shelter and participated in humanitarian work, including building houses at Navajo Nation.[296]

    Impact

    Del Rey performing in 2012

    Del Rey has been mentioned as an influence by a number of artists including Billie Eilish,[297] Lauren Jauregui,[298] Kevin Abstract,[299][300] Maggie Lindemann,[301] XXXTentacion,[302] Madison Beer,[303] Reneé Rapp and Olivia Rodrigo.[304] Billboard credited Born to Die with being one of the main catalysts for pop music's shift from an overall brash EDM tone to a moodier, hip-hop-inflected palette in the mid-2010s, and opined that Del Rey is indispensable to the decade's pop music, having influenced alternative-leaning pop artists such as Lorde, Halsey, Banks, Sky Ferreira, Father John Misty, Sia, Miley Cyrus, Selena Gomez and Taylor Swift.[305] In 2019, Billboard included "Born to Die" amongst the 100 songs that defined the 2010s, adding that it marked "a sonic shift that completely changed the pop landscape".[306] Norman Fucking Rockwell! was named one of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time by Rolling Stone.[7] Del Rey has received praise from older artists, some of whom have been inspirations to Del Rey herself, including Bruce Springsteen,[307] Stevie Nicks,[308] Joan Baez,[309] Elton John,[310] Courtney Love,[311] and directors David Lynch and John Waters.[312]

    The Washington Post listed Del Rey as the only musician on their "Decade of Influence" list.[313] Pitchfork named her one of the greatest living songwriters of the US.[314] The Guardian declared Del Rey's own "pure female haze" a "hallmark of the defiant female pop stars to come".[315] Her YouTube and Vevo pages have combined views of over seven and a half billion.[316][317][318] In 2022, New York University's Clive Davis Institute of Recorded Music launched the fall semester course "Topics in Recorded Music: Lana Del Rey", which deals with Del Rey's music.[319] Rolling Stone ranked Del Rey at number 175 on its 2023 list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time.[4] Rolling Stone UK named her The Greatest American Songwriter of the 21st century (2023).[3]

    Accolades

    Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Lana Del Rey

    Del Rey has received many awards, including 3

    Golden Globe Award.[321]

    Discography

    Main articles: Lana Del Rey discography and List of songs recorded by Lana Del Rey
    See also: List of unreleased songs recorded by Lana Del Rey

    Studio albums

    Bibliography

    Filmography

    Main article: Lana Del Rey videography

    Tours

    Main article: List of Lana Del Rey live performances

    See also

    References

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