Lancia
45°01′23″N 7°38′28″E / 45.0230377°N 7.6410842°E
Parent Stellantis Europe | | |
Website | www |
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Lancia (Italian:
The brand is known for its strong
Sales of Lancia-branded vehicles declined from over 300,000 annual units sold in 1990 to less than 100,000 by 2010. After corporate parent Fiat acquired a stake in Chrysler in 2009, the Lancia brand portfolio was modified to include rebadged Chrysler products, for sale in most European markets. In the United Kingdom and Ireland however, Lancias were rebadged as Chryslers. As sales continued to drop the Lancia-badged Chryslers were no longer offered after 2015. Since then, the company's only product has been the Lancia Ypsilon, and sales outside of Italy ended in 2017. Despite Lancia's much smaller brand presence, the Ypsilon continues to be popular in Italy; in fact it was the second best-selling car there in 2019.[2]
The newly merged Franco-Italian-American company Stellantis stated that it would try to revive Italy's Lancia, with the move also suggesting there would be more than one model for the brand,[3] as well as sales outside of Italy for the first time in years.[4][5][6]
History
Foundation and early years
Lancia & C. Fabbrica Automobili was founded on 27 November 1906 in
In 1910, Lancia components were exported to the United States where they were assembled and sold as SGVs by the SGV Company.[8] In 1915, Lancia also manufactured its first truck, the Jota, that continued as a dedicated series. In 1937, Vincenzo died of a heart attack. His wife, Adele Miglietti Lancia, and his son, Gianni Lancia, took over control of the company. They persuaded Vittorio Jano to join as an engineer. Jano had already made a name for himself by designing various Alfa Romeo models, including some of its most successful race cars ever such as the 6C, P2 and P3.
Lancia is renowned in the automotive world for introducing cars with numerous innovations. These include the
Gianni Lancia, a graduate engineer, was president of Lancia from 1947 to 1955. In 1956, the Pesenti family took control, with Carlo Pesenti in charge of the company.[12]
1969 to 2021
Fiat launched a take-over bid in October 1969. It was accepted by Lancia as the company was losing significant sums of money, with losses in 1969 being £20 million.[13] This was not the end of the distinctive Lancia marque, and new models in the 1970s such as the Stratos, Gamma and Beta proved that Fiat wished to preserve the image of the brand it had acquired. Autobianchi, bought by Fiat Group just a year before, was put under the control of Lancia.[14]
During the 1970s and 1980s, Lancia had great success in
During the 1980s, the company cooperated with
Starting from 1 February 2007, Fiat's automotive operations were reorganised.[15] Fiat Auto became
In 2015 Lancia's parent company Fiat Group Automobiles S.p.A. became
After 2015, all models produced by Chrysler were discontinued in the European market. Since then, the Lancia brand has remained alive, only by continuing to manufacture and sell the Ypsilon - which received another slight facelift in 2020 - exclusively in the Italian market.
2021–present - Relaunch under Stellantis
Despite doubts about the brand's future following the completion of the Stellantis merger in 2021, Lancia was made part of a joint group with sister companies Alfa Romeo and DS Automobiles, to develop new premium models for the 2024 model year.[17][18][19] As part of Stellantis' recovery plan for Lancia, Luca Napolitano was appointed the car maker's CEO,[20] and Jean-Pierre Ploué its chief designer.[21]
Three new electric models were announced in June 2021: a new subcompact car - which became the fourth generation of Ypsilon; a compact crossover (codenamed L74) [22][23] - confirmed later in April 2023 as a five-door fastback CUV named Gamma, scheduled for a 2026 release;[24][25][26] and a compact hatchback, likely to be a new Delta.[27][4][6]
On November 28, 2022, Luca Napolitano laid the cornerstone of Lancia's "renaissance" by revealing a new logo and introducing the new Pu+Ra (Pure + Radical) Design language - through a sculpture called Pu+Ra Zero.
In 12 December 2023, a prototype of the
In 14 February 2024, Lancia officially launches the fourth generation of Ypsilon, first under a limited production edition called Ypsilon Edizione Limitata Cassina, codeveloped between Lancia and Italian high-end furniture manufacturer Cassina S.p.A.. Production of the model is capped at 1,906 units, the amount referencing Lancia's foundation in 1906.[35]
The Lancia Ypsilon dominated the Italian market in the first months of 2024, recording exceptional numbers for the brand. Concluding the first quarter with 12,923 units sold, up 16.4% compared to the same period in 2023.[36]
Production models
Year | Cars |
---|---|
1990 | 300,087 |
1991 | 265,172 |
1992 | 223,127 |
1993 | 163,636 |
1994 | 163,535 |
1995 | 162,416 |
1996 | 159,251 |
1997 | 176,211 |
1998 | 175,215 |
1999 | 161,019 |
2000 | 170,348 |
2001 | 134,812 |
2002 | 110,529 |
2003 | 108,989 |
2004 | 118,201 |
2005 | 115,543 |
2006 | 122,956 |
2007 | 118,036 |
2008 | 113,307 |
2009 | 113,810 |
2010 | 97,757 |
2011 | 100,007 |
2012 | 98,733 |
2013 | 71,223 |
2014 | 69,835 |
2015 | 61,652 |
2016 | 67,059 |
2017 | 60,620 |
2018 | 48,555 |
2019 | 58,759 |
2020 | 43,033[39] |
2021 | 43,735[40] |
2022 | 40,991[41][42] |
2023 | 44,743[43] |
Current car models
Lancia Ypsilon
The Ypsilon is a premium 5-door
Although it is the only Lancia car in production and only for sale in Italy, the Ypsilon continues to be popular there; it was the second best-selling car in Italy in 2019.[2]
Past car models
Historical models
The Lancia Aurelia introduced the front engine rear transmission configuration later used by Ferrari, Alfa Romeo, Porsche, GM, Volvo and Maserati, as well as the V6 engine, which is now common. It had inboard rear brakes, an important way of reducing un-sprung weight.
The Lancia Stratos was a successful rally car during the 1970s, and helped the company to improve its sporting credentials.
Chrysler-derived models
The second generation Lancia Thema executive car (2011 – 2014) was a re-branded second generation Chrysler 300 unveiled in 2011 to replace the Thesis. It reused the name of the Italian made 1984–94 Thema saloon. It used to be available in various European markets, but for the United Kingdom and Ireland it was only sold as the Chrysler 300C. It was discontinued in 2015.
The
Between 2012 and 2014, the Chrysler 200 Convertible was rebranded and marketed under the Lancia Flavia name.[45] The Flavia was only available in left-hand drive markets, and thus not sold in the United Kingdom or Ireland.
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Lancia Thema
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Lancia Voyager
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Lancia Flavia
Concept cars
Lancia has shown several
Special cars
In the end of 1960, Lancia made their first landaulet-limousine for the President of Italy, called the Lancia Flaminia 335 Presidenziale.
In 1989, Lancia made a limousine version of the Thema. 24 examples for Fiat-Group executives.
In 1999, Lancia made a one-off limousine version of the
Export markets
In January 2014, in an interview with
United States
While some models had been imported on a small scale during the 1950s to the 1960s, Lancias were sold in the United States from 1975. Sales were comparatively slow, and the range was withdrawn at the same time as Fiat in 1982.
In 2009, following Fiat's acquisition of a stake in United States-based
Francois' plans to re-establish the Chrysler brand as an upscale brand were somewhat muddied by the discontinuance of the
United Kingdom
Lancia's reputation was significantly undermined in 1980, when defective Lancia Beta models, suffering from significant suspension sub-frame corrosion problems, were purchased back from owners by the company in a highly publicised campaign. These cars were later crushed.[52] The brand never recovered from the damage inflicted during the Beta recall and, combined with a range of related factors (including poor residual values, which made their range uncompetitive), decided to withdraw from the United Kingdom (and other right-hand drive markets) in February 1994.[53] The last model to be sold in the United Kingdom was the Delta, boosted by its rallying reputation, withdrawn from sale in 1995, although a small number of left-hand drive Lancia models have since reached the UK as personal imports.
After 1995, there were continuous rumours suggesting Lancia's return to the United Kingdom. In November 2005, What Car? reported rumours over the alleged return, to rival "affordable" premium makes, such as Saab and Volvo.[54] In September 2006, What Car? reported that Lancia were returning to the United Kingdom.[55] The relaunch date was set for August 2008. In April 2008, Car reported that Lancia had postponed the relaunch.[56] In June 2009, Autocar reported that the relaunch of Lancia was now “very unlikely”.[57]
These rumours were credible since Lancia models, by that time, shared common parts with Fiat and Alfa Romeo models that were imported, sold and maintained by an existing dealership network. The cost to reestablish the brand would therefore be minimal. In December 2008, however, Fiat cancelled relaunch plans, due to financial concerns coinciding with the global financial crisis, and the recession.[58]
In 2011, Lancia Ypsilon and Delta models were eventually reintroduced to the United Kingdom, but were sold under the Chrysler marque. In January 2014, the slow-selling Delta model was dropped from this line-up. In March 2015, Fiat Group announced that the Chrysler brand would be discontinued in the United Kingdom in 2017, citing a desire to focus largely on the Jeep brand instead.[59]
Japan
A small number of Lancia models were previously sold in Japan, such as Fulvia, Stratos and Delta. More recently, some models have been sold under the Chrysler brand, such as the Ypsilon.
Lancia in motorsport
Formula One
After Vincenzo Lancia's son Gianni became director of the firm, it started to take part more frequently in motorsport, eventually deciding to build a Grand Prix car. Vittorio Jano was the new designer for Lancia and his Lancia D50 was entered into the 1954 Spanish Grand Prix, where Alberto Ascari took the pole position and drove the fastest lap. In the 1955 Monaco Grand Prix Ascari crashed into the harbour after missing a chicane. One week later Ascari was killed in an accident driving a Ferrari sports car at Monza. With Ascari's death and Lancia's financial problems the company withdrew from Grand Prix racing.[60] Altogether Lancia took two victories and ten podiums in Formula One.[61]
Remnants of the Lancia team were transferred to Scuderia Ferrari,[62] where Juan Manuel Fangio won the 1956 championship with a Lancia-Ferrari car.
Rallying
Lancia has been very successful in motorsport over the years, and mostly in the arena of
Sports car racing
In 1951 Mille Miglia, Lancia Aurelia B20 GT came second overall. The car was driven by Thornley Kelham.[63]
In 1953, Umberto Maglioli won the Targa Florio at the wheel of the Lancia D20. The same year Lancia introduced the D24 sports racer, which was an evolution of D23 model, but rebodied as a spider by Pinin Farina. Its most significant victories were the 1953 Carrera Panamericana, the 1954 Mille Miglia and the 1954 Targa Florio.
During Lancia's dominance of rallying, the company also expanded into sports cars in the late 1970s until the mid-1980s. It first ran the
In 1982 the team moved up to
Titles
- 1979 World Championship for Makes(under 2-litre division)
- 1980 World Championship for Makes(overall)
- 1981 World Endurance Championship for Makes(overall)
- 1980 Deutsche Rennsport Meisterschaft
Commercial vehicles
Lancia produced a wide range of vans, trucks, buses and military vehicles from the beginning, forming Lancia Veicoli Industriali in 1912. Lancia slowly withdrew from the commercial sectors during the late 1960s and production of commercial vehicles ended in the early 1970s, shortly after Fiat's takeover of the company, with some models transferred to Iveco.
Light commercial vehicles
- 1958 Lancia Ardea Furgoncino (van), Cassone (pick-up)
- 1950 Lancia Beta
- 1953 Lancia Appia Furgoncino (van), Camioncino (pick-up)
- 1959 Lancia Jolly
- 1963 Lancia Superjolly
Heavy commercial vehicles
- 1915 Lancia Jota
- 1915 Lancia Djota
- 1921 Lancia Triota
- 1921 Lancia Tetrajota
- 1924 Lancia Pentajota
- 1926 Lancia Esajota
- 1927 Lancia Eptajota
- 1932 Lancia Ro
- 1935 Lancia Ro-Ro
- 1938 Lancia 3Ro
- 1943 Lancia Esaro
- 1941 Lancia E290 electric truck, 202 built (E290 & E291) (La Lancia 3rd Ed, p. 431, Wim Oude Weerink)
- 1947 Lancia 6Ro
- 1947 Lancia Esatau
- 1957 Lancia Esatau B
- 1959 Lancia Esadelta
- 1963 Lancia Esadelta B
- 1967 Lancia Esadelta C
- 1969 Lancia Esagamma
Buses
- 1919 Lancia Eptaiota
- 1920 Lancia Trijota (bus)
- 1922 Lancia Tetraiota
- 1925 Lancia Pentaiota
- 1927 Lancia Omicron
- 1934 Lancia Ro (bus)
- 1947 Lancia Esatau (bus)
- 1949 Lancia Esatau (bus)V11
- 1953 Lancia Esatau (bus)V81
- 1957 Lancia Esatau (bus)703
- 1964 Lancia Esagamma (bus)715/718
Trolleybuses
- 1951 Lancia Esatau Pistoiesi
- 1956 Lancia Esatau Piaggio Ansaldo
- 1961 Lancia Esatau V.11 (trolleybus)
- 1966 Lancia Diafa trolleybus
- 1967 Lancia Bimax
- 1968 Lancia Bimax F600
- 1968 Lancia Pistoiesi
- 1969 Lancia Menarini Monocar
- 1969 Lancia Esatau P Casaro
Military vehicles
- 1912 Lancia 1Z (light truck)
- 1912 Lancia 1ZM (armoured car)
- 1938 Lancia 3Ro (truck)
- 1942 Lancia Esaro (truck)
- 1942 Lancia Lince (armoured car)
- 1948 Lancia Esatau 6RoM (truck)
- 1951 Lancia CL51 (Z 20) (troop transporter)
- 1954 Lancia TL51 (Z 30) (truck)
- 1960 Lancia 506 (truck)
- 1975 Lancia ACL 75 (6611 M) (truck)
- 1990 Lancia ACL 90 (truck, later Iveco) (truck)
Tractor
- 1947 Lancia 3Ro (based on Fiat)
Other
- 2007 Lancia Bike
- 2009 Lancia di Lancia speedboat
Engines
- Lancia Flat-4 engine
- Lancia V4 engine
- Lancia V6 engine
- Lancia V8 engine
- Lancia Tipo 4
The company has also made industrial engines.[citation needed]
Logo
- 1907
From 1907 to 1910 Lancia cars didn't bear a true badge, but rather a brass plaque identifying the manufacturer (Lancia & C.) and chassis code; although some models did have a brass Lancia script on the grille.[64]
- 1911
The original Lancia logo was designed by Count Carlo Biscaretti di Ruffia. In 1910 Vincenzo Lancia asked Biscaretti di Ruffia to design a badge for the company: the Count submitted six
- 1929
In 1929 the logo acquired its final layout: the previous round badge was superimposed on a blue shield in the shape of a Reuleaux triangle (as found in one of Biscaretti di Ruffia's six original proposals).[64] Though first applied on the 1929 Dikappa, this badge was only used consistently starting with the 1936 Aprilia.[64]
- 1957
Beginning with the 1957 Flaminia, Lancia cars switched from the traditional vertical split grille to a horizontal, full-width one. The logo was moved inside the grille opening, and changed to a more stylized chromed metal open-work design; shield and steering wheel became chrome frames, the only remaining enameled surface being the blue field of the flag. This new metal logo was used on most models with some exceptions, namely Zagato-bodied Lancia Fulvias and Flavias, the Lancia 2000 Berlina (which reprised the traditional upright grille and the round enameled badge) and the Stratos HF (whose ornaments lacked the triangular shield).
- 1974
In 1974 the badge was redesigned on Umberto Agnelli's request;[64] it went back to a modernised silver, white and blue version of the 1929 design. Flag and lance were unified in a single shape and dispensed with the earlier minute detailing, the Lancia letters became all of the same size, and the steering wheel became also outlined in blue and lost the hand throttle detail. This logo debuted on the 1979 Lancia Delta,[64] and made its way on the other models as they adopted the split grille introduced by the Delta. Though lightly revised in 2000 with the addition of a chrome shield surround, the 1974 logo was used through four decades, up to 2006.
- 2007
A redesigned logo, designed by Robilant Associati, was presented at the 2007
- 2022
The current logo was unveiled in late 2022, as part of Lancia's newest design language dubbed Pu+Ra. The logo retains the colour scheme of the 2007 logo, while also reinstating and streamlining the flag, circle and lance theme of the 1957 logo.[29]
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Lancia (1907)
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Lancia (1911)
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Lancia (1929)
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Lancia (1957)
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Lancia (1974)
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Lancia (2007)
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Lancia (2022)
Media and sponsorship
In 2009, the British motoring television show
Lancia sponsored the Venice Film Festival for five years, ending in 2012, with the Lancia Thema used to transport stars to the festival.[66] Lancia was sponsor of the ninth and eleventh World Summits of Nobel Peace Prize Laureates.
See also
- List of automobile manufacturers
- List of Formula One constructors
- List of Italian companies
- List of World Rally Championship Constructors' Champions
- Martini Racing
References
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Further reading
- Cole, Lance (2017). "Chapter 2: Lancia Lamentation". The Classic Car Adventure: Driving Through History on the Road to Nostalgia. Barnsley, England: ISBN 9781473896413.