Langerhans cell
Langerhans cell | |
---|---|
mucosa | |
Function | Dendritic cell |
Identifiers | |
MeSH | D007801 |
FMA | 63072 |
Anatomical terms of microanatomy] |
A Langerhans cell (LC) is a tissue-resident
Function
In
Generally, tissue-resident macrophages are involved in immune homeostasis and the uptake of
Langerhans cells derive from primitive erythro-myeloid progenitors that arise in the yolk sac outside the embryo in the first trimester of pregnancy, and under normal circumstances persist throughout life, being replenished by local proliferation as necessary. If the skin becomes severely inflamed, perhaps because of infection, blood monocytes are recruited to the affected region and differentiate into replacement LCs.[7]
LCs contain a large amount of
Clinical significance
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
In the rare disease Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), an excess of cells similar to these cells are produced. However LCH cells stain positive to CD14 which is a monocyte marker and shows a different, hematopoietic origin for the disorder.[11] LCH can cause damage to skin, bone and other organs.[citation needed]
HIV
Langerhans cells may be initial cellular targets in the sexual transmission of HIV,[12] and may be a target, reservoir, and vector of dissemination.[13] Langerhans cells have been observed in foreskin, vaginal, and oral mucosa of humans; the lower concentrations in oral mucosa suggest that it is not a likely source of HIV infection relative to foreskin and vaginal mucosa.[5]
Human papillomavirus
High-risk
It was demonstrated that Langerhans cells in HPV-induced cervical lesions were spherical, lacked dendrites, and secreted the suppressive cytokine IL-10 in vivo.[28] The authors further demonstrated that the number of IL-10 secreting immunosuppressive Langerhans cells, and the amount of IL-10 produced in lesions, corresponded with the severity of histopathology and HPV viral load, providing evidence of an active immunosuppressive mechanism employed by HPV that targets Langerhans cells in vivo.[citation needed]
Dengue fever
Langerhans cells are also the initial target of the virus that causes dengue fever during its development.[29]
Declining function during ageing
During ageing the capacity of Langerhans cells to migrate declines.[30] This compromises immunity and exposes the skin to infectious diseases and cancer.[citation needed]
History
Langerhans cells are named after
See also
References
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- ^ ISBN 0-443-05612-9.
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- S2CID 11946479. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
- ^ "NCI Summary View > Urology - Yale School of Medicine". medicine.yale.edu. Archived from the original on 17 June 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
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- S2CID 6282875.
- ^ Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM): Langerhans cell histiocytosis - 604856
External links
- Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis at eMedicine
- Illustration at trinity.edu at the Wayback Machine (archived January 27, 2004)
- Brun, Scott C.; Rubin, Peter A. D. (1997). "25 year old kickboxer with progressive proptosis". Digital Journal of Ophthalmology. 3 (26).
- Langerhans+Cells at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)