Colobinae

Colobine monkeys[1]
Gray langur in Maharashtra, India
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Suborder:	Haplorhini
Infraorder:	Simiiformes
Family:	Cercopithecidae
Subfamily:	Colobinae Jerdon, 1867
Genera
Colobus Piliocolobus Procolobus Trachypithecus Presbytis Semnopithecus Pygathrix Rhinopithecus Nasalis Simias †Cercopithecoides †Dolichopithecus †Mesopithecus †Microcolobus †Paracolobus †Parapresbytis †Rhinocolobus

The Colobinae or leaf-eating monkeys are a

Colobines are medium-sized primates with long tails (except for the pig-tailed langur) and diverse colorations. The coloring of nearly all young animals differs remarkably from that of the adults.

Most species are

Colobines are folivorous, though their diet may be supplemented with flowers, fruits and the occasional insect. To aid in digestion, particularly of hard-to-digest leaves, they have multichambered, complex stomachs, making them the only primates with foregut fermentation. Foregut fermenters use bacteria to detoxify plant compounds before reaching the intestine, where toxins can be absorbed. Foregut fermentation is also associated with higher protein extraction and efficient digestion of fiber;^[4][5] it is the dominant form of digestions in diverse herbivore taxa, including most Artiodactyla (e.g., deer, cattle, antelope), sloths, and kangaroos. In contrast, lower diversity howler monkeys in the New World rely on hindgut fermentation – occurring lower in the colon or cecum – much like horses and elephants.^[4] Unlike the other subfamily of Old World monkeys, the Cercopithecinae, they do not possess cheek pouches.

Gestation averages six to seven months. Young are weaned at about one year and are mature at three to six years. Their life expectancy is approximately 20 years.

Classification

Colobinae is split into two tribes: Colobini, found in Africa, and Presbytini, found in Asia. Based on fossil records, the tribes split between 10 and 13 million years ago.^[6][7] The Colobini tribe contains three genera, black-and-white colobuses, red colobuses, and the olive colobus, all of whom are found in Africa. The Asian Presbytini comprises seven genera split into two clades, the odd-nosed group and the langur group.^[6][2] The discordant gene tree topologies and divergence age estimates suggest that hybridization, particularly involving female introgression from Piliocolobus/Procolobus into Colobus and male introgression from Semnopithecus into Trachypithecus, played a prominent role in shaping the phylogenetic relationships of African and Asian colobine monkeys during their evolutionary history.^[3]

• Family Cercopithecidae^[1][2]
  • Subfamily Cercopithecinae
  • Subfamily Colobinae
    • Tribe Colobini
      • Genus Colobus - black-and-white colobus monkeys
      • Genus Piliocolobus - red colobus monkeys
      • Genus Procolobus - olive colobus
      • †Genus Cercopithecoides
    • Tribe Presbytini
      • Langur (leaf monkey) group
        • Genus Trachypithecus - lutungs
        • Genus
          Presbytis
          - surilis
        • Genus
          Semnopithecus
          - gray langurs
      • Odd-nosed group
        • Genus Pygathrix - doucs
        • Genus Rhinopithecus - snub-nosed monkeys
        • Genus Nasalis - proboscis monkey
        • Genus Simias - pig-tailed langur
        • †Genus Mesopithecus

Hybrids

Intergeneric

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