Laridae

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Laridae
European herring gull
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Charadriiformes
Suborder: Lari
Family: Laridae
Rafinesque, 1815
Genera

See text.

Laridae is a

genera
. They are an adaptable group of mostly aerial birds found worldwide.

Taxonomy

Laridae on Lake Baikal
Laridae phylogeny

Anous

Gygis

Rynchops

Creagrus

Rhodostethia

Xema

Pagophila

Phaetusa

Sternula

Larosterna

Gelochelidon

Hydroprogne

Part of the cladogram of the genera in the order Charadriiformes based on the analysis by Baker and colleagues published in 2007.[1]

The family Laridae was introduced (as Laridia) by the French

skuas in a broader family Laridae.[5]

A

monophyletic family group, Laridae was expanded to include the genera that had previously been in Sternidae and Rynchopidae.[6][7]

Baker and colleagues found that the Laridae lineage diverged from a lineage that gave rise to both the skuas (

Alcidae) before the end of the Cretaceous in the age of dinosaurs. They also found that the Laridae themselves began expanding in the early Paleocene, around 60 million years ago.[1] The German palaeontologist Gerald Mayr has questioned the validity of these early dates and suggested that inappropriate fossils were used in calibrating the molecular data. The earliest charadriiform fossils date only from the late Eocene, around 35 million years ago.[8]

Anders Ödeen and colleagues investigated the development of ultraviolet vision in shorebirds, by looking for the SWS1 opsin gene in various species; as gulls were the only shorebirds known to have developed the trait. They discovered that the gene was present in the gull, skimmer, and noddy lineages but not the tern lineage. They also recovered the noddies as an early lineage, though the evidence was not strong.[9]

Genera

For the complete list of species, see the article

List of Laridae species
.

Noddies[a]

Skimmers

Gulls

Terns

Distribution and habitat

The Laridae in the coat of arms of Ahlainen

The Laridae have spread around the world, and their adaptability has likely been a factor. Most have become much more aerial than their ancestor, which was likely some form of shorebird.[10]

Notes

  1. ^ The genera are listed in taxonomic order.[6]
  2. ^ There is discussion in the IOC about renaming this species "white noddy" to reflect its relationships

References

  1. ^
    doi:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0606erratum
    .
  2. ^ Rafinesque, Constantine Samuel (1815). Analyse de la nature ou, Tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés (in French). Vol. 1815. Palermo: Self-published. p. 72.
  3. hdl:2246/830
    .
  4. ISBN 978-0-643-06511-6
    .
  5. Ahlquist, Jon Edward
    (1990): Phylogeny and classification of birds. Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn.
  6. ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Noddies, gulls, terns, auks". World Bird List Version 9.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
  7. S2CID 216448411
    . Retrieved 22 April 2017.
  8. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00654.x
    .
  9. PMID 20015861
    .
  10. ^ Moynihan, Martin (1959). A revision of the family Laridae (Aves) (PDF). American Museum Novitates. Vol. 1928. New York: American Museum of Natural History.

Further reading

External links

  • Data related to Laridae at Wikispecies
  • Media related to Laridae at Wikimedia Commons
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