Latin music

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the music genre. For music from Latin America, see Music of Latin America. For other uses, see Latin music (disambiguation).

Latin music
Native name
Música latina
Stylistic origins
Cultural originsEarly 1940s, Ibero-America
Subgenres
2024 in Latin music
Tango

Latin music (Portuguese and Spanish: música latina) is a term used by the music industry as a catch-all category for various styles of music from Ibero-America,[1] which encompasses Latin America, Spain, Portugal, and the Latino population in Canada and the United States,[2][3][4][5] as well as music that is sung in either Spanish and/or Portuguese.[6][7][8][9][10]

Terminology and categorization

Spanish singer Julio Iglesias was recognized by the Guinness World Records in 2013 as the best-selling male Latin artist of all time.[11]

Because the majority of Latino immigrants living in New York City in the 1950s were of Puerto Rican or Cuban descent, "Latin music" had been stereotyped as music simply originating from the

Spanish Caribbean. The popularization of bossa nova and Herb Alpert's Mexican-influenced sounds in the 1960s did little to change the perceived image of Latin music. Since then, the music industry classifies all music sung in Spanish or Portuguese as Latin music, including musics from Spain and Portugal.[6]

Following protests from Latinos in New York, a category for Latin music was created by

Spanish Caribbean.[14]

Luis Miguel who has captivated audiences in Latin America and beyond for decades.

In 1997, NARAS established the

Latin Grammy Awards, a separate award ceremony from the Grammy Awards. Its organizers stated that the Latin music universe was too large to fit within the Grammys. Michael Greene, former head of NARAS, said that the process of creating the Latin Grammy Awards was complicated due to the diverse Latin musical styles, noting that the only thing they had in common was language. As a result, the Latin Grammy Awards are presented to records performed in Spanish or Portuguese,[16] while the organization focuses on music from Latin America, Spain, and Portugal.[17]

Since the late 1990s, the United States has seen increasing growth in its population of "Latinos",[18] a term popularized since the 1960s due to confusing the wrong term "Spanish" with the more proper but less popular term "Hispanic".[19] The music industry in the United States began to refer to any kind of music featuring Spanish vocals as "Latin music".[20][21][22] Under this definition, Spanish sung in any genre is categorized as "Latin".[23] In turn, this has led to artists from Spain being labelled as "Latin" because they sing in the same language.[24]

The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and Billboard magazine use this definition of Latin music to track sales of Spanish-language records in the United States.[25][26] Billboard however considers an artist to be "Latin" if they perform in Spanish or Portuguese.[27] The RIAA initiated the "Los Premios de Oro y Platino" ("The Gold and Platinum Awards" in Spanish) in 2000 to certify sales of Latin music albums and singles under a different threshold than its standard certifications.[28] Billboard divides its Latin music charts into three subcategories: Latin pop, Regional Mexican, and tropical.[29] A fourth subcategory was added in the mid 2000s to address the rise of Latin urban music genres such as Latin hip hop and reggaeton.[30]

History

1940s–1950s

Further information: 1940s in music § Latin America, and 1950s in music § Latin America
Olga Guillot
Camilo Sesto in 2017

The term "Latin music" originated from the United States due to the growing influence of

Cuban music.[citation needed
]

1960s

Further information: 1960s in music § Latin America, Spain and Brazil

The Brazilian bossa nova became widespread in Latin America and later became an international trend, led especially by Antônio Carlos Jobim.[36] Rock en español became popular with the younger generation of Latinos in Latin America,[37] for example the Argentine band Almendra.[38] Mexican-American Latin rock guitarist Carlos Santana began decades of popularity.[39] By the late 60s, the boogaloo boom was coming, and boogaloo musicians such as Pérez Prado, Tito Rodríguez and Tito Puente[40] released boogaloo singles and albums. Most of the other groups were young musicians such as Pucho & His Latin Soul Brothers and Joe Bataan.

Early examples of boogaloo were 1966 music by Richie Ray and Bobby Cruz. The biggest boogaloo hit of the '60s was "Bang Bang" by the Joe Cuba Sextet in 1966. Hits by other groups included Johnny Colón's "Boogaloo Blues", Pete Rodríguez's "I Like It like That"(1967).[41]

1970s

Main article: 1970s in Latin music
Paulina Rubio at Premios Juventud red carpet in July 2009

Salsa music became the dominant genre of tropical music in the 1970s. Fania Records was credited for popularizing salsa music, with acts such as Rubén Blades, Héctor Lavoe, and Celia Cruz expanding the audience.[42] In the late 1970s, an influx of balladeers from Spain such as Julio Iglesias, Camilo Sesto, and Raphael established their presence on the music charts both in Latin America and the US Latin market.[43] In 1972, OTI Festival was established by the Organización de Telecomunicaciones de Iberoamérica as a songwriting contest to interconnect the Ibero-American countries (Latin America, Spain, and Portugal). Ramiro Burr of Billboard remarked that the contest was considered to be the "largest and most prestigious songwriting festival in the Latin music world".[44]

1980s

Main article: 1980s in Latin music

In the 1980s, the

salsa romantica era.[46]

1990s

Main article: 1990s in Latin music
Laura Pausini performing during the World Tour 2009
In October 2020, Spanish singer Enrique Iglesias topped the Greatest of All-Time Latin Artist chart by Billboard.[47]

In the

Yolanda Saldivar, a friend and former associate of the singer's fan club, and boutiques.[62] Her unfinished crossover album, Dreaming of You (1995), became the first mostly-Spanish album to debut and peak at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart.[63] Tejano music suffered and its popularity waned following Selena's death, and record labels began abandoning their Tejano artists while radio stations in the United States switched from Tejano to Regional Mexican music.[64]

Mon Laferte at her solo exhibition in Mexico City
Alejandro Sanz has won 22 Latin Grammy Awards.

By the mid-1990s, Tejano music was replaced by

1999 Grammy Awards that brought Martin attention from American audiences.[73] In 1999, he released his self-titled album which contained the English-language number-one song "Livin' la Vida Loca".[74] Following the commercial and critical success of the film Selena (1997), Jennifer Lopez catapulted to fame in the title role.[75] Lopez entered the music market following a string of films and released her debut recording On the 6 (1999), which she described as a Latin soul album.[76]

Bolero music saw a resurgence of popularity with the younger audience. Mexican singer Luis Miguel was credited for the renewed interest with the success of his album, Romance (1991), a collection of classics covered by the artist.[77] Around the same time, artists from Italy such as Eros Ramazzotti, Laura Pausini, and Nek successfully crossed over to the Latin music field by recording Spanish-language versions of their songs.[78] In the tropical music field, merengue, which had gained attention in the 1980s, rivaled salsa in popularity.[79]

2000s

Main article: 2000s in Latin music
Shakira

In the mid-2000s,

Banda was the dominant genre in the Regional Mexican music field.[82]

2010s

By the turn of the decade, the Latin music field was dominated by up-tempo rhythms, including electropop, reggaeton,

Ozuna, Bad Bunny, and Anuel AA.[85]

Regions

United States

Linda Ronstadt at Six Flags Over Texas, August 1981.
Jaci Velasquez

The origins of Latin Music in the United States dates back to the 1930s with Rhumba.[86] Rhumba was prominent with Cuban-style ballroom dancing in the 1930s, but was not mainstream.[86] It was not until the 1950s and 1960s that Latin Music started to become intertwined with American culture.[87] Latin music is starting to become mainstream in the US as Latin artists are teaming up with English speaking artists.[87] In 2017, a song named, "Despacito" by Justin Bieber, Luis Fonsi, and Daddy Yankee had 4.5 billion views on YouTube.[88] In 2017, six of the top ten viewed songs on YouTube feature Latin Artists.[88] The song was the beginning for the boom of Latin music in the United States.[88] Some of the most popular forms of Latin music are Salsa, Bachata, Regional Mexican music, Tango, Merengue, Latin Pop, and Reggaeton.[89] Today, reggaeton is a very popular style that combines reggae and American hip-hop.[87] Some of the most popular artists today are Daddy Yankee, Melymel, J Balvin and Nicky Jam.[87] In 2018, Latin music came second in total video streams with 21.8% market share.[90] Latin music listeners tend to be younger, more tech savvy, 95% of Latin music coming from streaming suggests, according to Jeff Benjamin.[90]

Immigration and globalization has caused Latin music to skyrocket in popularity.[87] Historically, the United States and Britain have had control over the music industry but the internet and technology has allowed for diversification and local music to become more prominent throughout the world.[87] The technological advancements have allowed streaming services to flourish that offer a wide variety of music without having to pay for each individual song/album.[91] The increase in Latin artists working with English speaking American artists has caused songs such as Ritmo by An American band, The Black Eyed Peas, and J Balvin, a Latin singer, to be number one on the billboard's Hot Latin Songs chart. This increase has caused Latin music sales revenue in the US to rise from 176 million to 413 million dollars in 2018.[87] From 2016 to 2017, the amount of Latin songs on the billboard hot 100 increased from four to 19. Latin music surpassed Country and EDM in terms of album sales in the US in 2018.[87] This trend has caused pop music in the US to adopt certain styles from Latin music.[92] This has some experts questioning whether less popular Latin genres will become more niche in the future as record labels focus on products in industries with a greater concentration of money.[92]

Miscategorization

Alejandro Fernandez
in concert.

Numerous computer science and music experts have reported a common error on streaming services such as Spotify. Overlooking mainstay artists in catch-all genre terms such as Latin music, potentially causing a categorical homogenization of musical styles; incorrectly miscategorizing musicians and songs from heritage styles, such as Norteño, New Mexico music, Duranguense, and Tejano music, leading to underperformance of these styles on their platforms.[93][94][95][96]

See also

References

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  2. ^ Abaroa, Gabriel (2019). "The First Twenty Years". 20a Entrega Anual del Latin Grammy. The Latin Recording Academy: 6. Retrieved July 20, 2022. ...together with the musical community of Latin America, Portugal, Spain, and the Latino population in Canada and the United States (that is, Ibero America)...
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Works cited

Further reading

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Latin music (genre).
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