Lausanne
Lausanne Losena ( Cathedral of Lausanne, the Federal courts of Switzerland , aerial view of the city, and the park of Milan. | |
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Population (31 December 2018)[2] | |
• Total | 139,111 |
• Density | 3,400/km2 (8,700/sq mi) |
Demonym | French: Lausannois(e) |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (Central European Time) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (Central European Summer Time) |
Postal code(s) | 1000 (in general), 1003–1007, 1010–1012, 1000 Lausanne 25–27, 1052 Le Mont-sur-Lausanne (partly), 1053 Cugy VD (partly), 1032 Crissier (partly), 1032 Romanel-sur-Lausanne (partly), 1033 Cheseaux-sur-Lausanne (partly) |
SFOS number | 5586 |
Localities | Le Chalet-à-Gobet, Montblesson, Montheron, Ouchy, Vernand-Dessous, Vernand-Dessus, Vers-chez-les-Blanc |
Surrounded by | Bottens, Bretigny-sur-Morrens, Chavannes-près-Renens, Cheseaux-sur-Lausanne, Crissier, Cugy, Écublens, Épalinges, Évian-les-Bains (FR-74), Froideville, Jouxtens-Mézery, Le Mont-sur-Lausanne, Lugrin (FR-74), Maxilly-sur-Léman (FR-74), Montpreveyres, Morrens, Neuvecelle (FR-74), Prilly, Pully, Renens, Romanel-sur-Lausanne, Saint-Sulpice, Savigny |
Website | https://www.lausanne.ch Profile (in French), SFSO statistics |
Lausanne (
The municipality of Lausanne has a population of about 140,000, making it the fourth largest city in Switzerland after Basel, Geneva, and Zürich, with the entire agglomeration area having about 420,000 inhabitants (as of January 2019).[10] The metropolitan area of Lausanne-Geneva (including Vevey-Montreux, Yverdon-les-Bains, Valais and foreign parts), commonly designated as Arc lémanique was over 1.3 million inhabitants in 2017 and is the fastest growing in Switzerland.[11]
Initially a Celtic and Roman settlement on the shores of the lake, Lausanne became a town at the foot of
History
The
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, insecurity forced the residents of Lausanne to move to its current centre, a hilly site that was easier to defend. The city which emerged from the camp was ruled by the Counts of Savoy and the Bishop of Lausanne.
From 888 to 1032, the initially relatively small town belonged to the kingdom of Upper Burgundy. During the 11th century, Lausanne developed into a political, economic and religious center. The city became the center of the secular rule of the bishops. In the period that followed, especially in the 12th and 13th centuries, Lausanne flourished. Finally, in 1275, the Lausanne Cathedral was consecrated in the presence of Pope Gregory X and King Rudolf I of Germany.
It was invaded by forces from the canton of Bern and remained under their domination from 1536 to 1798. The iconoclastic Bernese stripped the Lausanne cathedral of its Roman Catholic trappings, and a number of its cultural treasures, including the hanging tapestries in the cathedral, were permanently removed.[16] Lausanne has made repeated requests to recover them, but they never were returned.
After the
Modern history and heritage
In 1923, the city was the venue for the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne, which established the modern Turkish Republic.[18] In 1964, the city played host to the Swiss National Exhibition,[19] displaying its newly found confidence to play host to major international events.
From the 1950s to 1970s, a large number of Italians,
The city has served as a refuge for European artists. While under the care of a psychiatrist at Lausanne, T. S. Eliot composed most of his 1922 poem The Waste Land ("by the waters of Leman I sat down and wept").[20] Ernest Hemingway also visited from Paris with his wife during the 1920s, to holiday. In fact, many creative people – such as historian Edward Gibbon and Romantic era poets Shelley and Byron — have sojourned, lived, and worked in Lausanne or nearby.[21]
The city has been traditionally quiet, but in the late 1960s and early 1970s, a series of demonstrations took place that exposed tensions between young people and the police. In the early 1980s, the Lôzane Bouge protests demanded the city "open an autonomous centre, lower cinema ticket prices, liberalise cannabis and end the process of keeping records on homosexuals, all accompanied by leaflets, chants, and songs in the street".[22] Protests occurred in 2003, against the G8 meetings.[23]
In June 2022, Lausanne launched Plateforme 10, an art district comprising three museums. The trio of museums included Cantonal Museum of Fine Arts (MCBA), Photo Elysée, and the Museum of Contemporary Design and Applied Arts (MUDAC).[24][25]
Geography
Topography
In addition to its generally southward-sloping layout, the centre of the city is the site of an ancient river, the
The municipality includes the villages of
Lausanne is located at the limit between the extensive wine-growing regions of Lavaux (to the east) and la Côte (to the west).
Lausanne has an area, as of 2012-2014[update], of 41.38–41.37 square kilometers (15.98–15.97 sq mi) (depending on calculation method). Of this area, 6.22 km2 (2.40 sq mi) or 15.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 16.06 km2 (6.20 sq mi) or 38.8% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 19.00 km2 (7.34 sq mi) or 45.9% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.08 km2 (20 acres) or 0.2% is either rivers or lakes and 0.01 km2 (2.5 acres) or 0.0% is unproductive land.[26]
Of the built-up area, industrial buildings made up 1.6% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 22.8% and transportation infrastructure made up 12.4%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 1.6% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 7.4%. Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 9.4% is used for growing crops and 4.9% is pastures. All the water in the municipality is in lakes and streams.[26]
The municipality was part of the old Lausanne District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and it became the capital of the new district of Lausanne.[27]
Climate
Lausanne has an average of 119.7 days of rain or snow per year and on average receives 1,153 mm (45.4 in) of
-
Spring
-
Summer
-
Autumn
-
Winter
Climate data for Pully (Lausanne) (1991–2020), Extremes (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 14.9 (58.8) |
15.8 (60.4) |
22.6 (72.7) |
25.5 (77.9) |
31.3 (88.3) |
33.6 (92.5) |
35.2 (95.4) |
37.1 (98.8) |
28.6 (83.5) |
25.4 (77.7) |
19.8 (67.6) |
17.7 (63.9) |
37.1 (98.8) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 4.7 (40.5) |
5.9 (42.6) |
10.5 (50.9) |
14.6 (58.3) |
18.9 (66.0) |
22.8 (73.0) |
25.0 (77.0) |
24.5 (76.1) |
19.8 (67.6) |
14.6 (58.3) |
8.9 (48.0) |
5.4 (41.7) |
14.6 (58.3) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.7 (36.9) |
3.3 (37.9) |
7.0 (44.6) |
10.6 (51.1) |
14.6 (58.3) |
18.4 (65.1) |
20.5 (68.9) |
20.1 (68.2) |
16.0 (60.8) |
11.7 (53.1) |
6.7 (44.1) |
3.5 (38.3) |
11.3 (52.3) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.7 (33.3) |
0.8 (33.4) |
3.7 (38.7) |
6.8 (44.2) |
10.7 (51.3) |
14.3 (57.7) |
16.2 (61.2) |
16.2 (61.2) |
12.7 (54.9) |
9.1 (48.4) |
4.5 (40.1) |
1.5 (34.7) |
8.1 (46.6) |
Record low °C (°F) | −16.7 (1.9) |
−12.7 (9.1) |
−9.1 (15.6) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
2.1 (35.8) |
5.2 (41.4) |
9.0 (48.2) |
8.2 (46.8) |
4.4 (39.9) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
−6.2 (20.8) |
−10.1 (13.8) |
−16.7 (1.9) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 75 (3.0) |
64 (2.5) |
72 (2.8) |
84 (3.3) |
113 (4.4) |
107 (4.2) |
103 (4.1) |
110 (4.3) |
98 (3.9) |
111 (4.4) |
99 (3.9) |
98 (3.9) |
1,132 (44.6) |
Average snowfall cm (inches) | 10.9 (4.3) |
14.3 (5.6) |
1.6 (0.6) |
0.2 (0.1) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
1.1 (0.4) |
7.0 (2.8) |
35.1 (13.8) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 9.8 | 8.5 | 9.0 | 9.2 | 11.7 | 9.9 | 9.6 | 9.5 | 8.9 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 10.9 | 117.7 |
Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm) | 2.9 | 2.8 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 1.9 | 9.8 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
78 | 73 | 68 | 64 | 67 | 66 | 64 | 67 | 73 | 78 | 79 | 79 | 71 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 77 | 109 | 169 | 193 | 213 | 240 | 259 | 241 | 188 | 132 | 79 | 58 | 1,957 |
Percent possible sunshine | 29 | 39 | 48 | 50 | 49 | 55 | 59 | 59 | 53 | 41 | 30 | 23 | 47 |
Source 1: MeteoSwiss[28][30] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: StatistiqueVaud[31] |
Politics
Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules, chief argent.[32]
Administrative divisions
The city is divided into 18 quartiers, or districts, sometimes composed of several neighborhoods. They are: Centre (1), Maupas/Valency (2), Sébeillon/Malley (3), Montoie/Bourdonnette (4), Montriond/Cour (5), Sous-Gare/Ouchy (6), Montchoisi (7), Florimont/Chissiez (8), Mousquines/Bellevue (9), Vallon/Béthusy (10), Chailly/Rovéréaz (11), Sallaz/Vennes/Séchaud (12), Sauvabelin (13), Borde/Bellevaux (14), Vinet/Pontaise (15), Bossons/Blécherette (16), Beaulieu/Grey/Boisy (17), and Les Zones foraines (90).
Government
The municipality (la Municipalité) constitutes the executive government of the City of Lausanne and operates as a collegiate authority. It is composed of seven councilors (French: conseiller municipal/conseillère municipale), each presiding over a directorate. One of the members act as mayor (syndic). In the mandate period 2021–2026 (la législature) the Municipality is presided by le Syndic Grégoire Junod. Directoral tasks, coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed by the Communal Council are carried by the Municipality. The regular election of the Municipality by any inhabitant valid to vote is held every five years. Any resident of Lausanne allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the Municipality. Since 14 April 2003, due to the constitution by canton of Vaud not only Swiss citizen have the right to vote and elect and being elected on communal level, but also foreigners with a residence permit of at least 10 years in Switzerland and 3 years in the canton of Vaud.[33] The current mandate period is from 1 Jue 2021 to 30 May 2026. The delegates are elected by means of a system of Majorz. The mayor is later on elected as such by a public election as well by a system of Majorz, while the heads of the other departments are assigned by the collegiate. The executive body holds its meetings in the Town Hall (L'Hôtel de Ville), in the old city on Place de la Palud.[34]
As of 2021[update], Lausanne's Municipality is made up of three representatives of the PS (
Councilor (conseiller municipal/ conseillère municipale) |
Party | Directorate (Direction de(s), since) of | elected since |
---|---|---|---|
Grégoire Junod[CM 1] | PS | Culture and Urban Development (Culture et dévelopment urbain, 2016) | 2011 |
Pierre-Antoine Hildbrand | PLR | Security and Economy (Sécurité et économie, 2016) | 2016 |
Émilie Moeschler | PS | Sports and Social Cohesion (Sports et cohésion sociale, 2021) | 2021 |
Natacha Litzistorf[CM 2] | PES | Housing, Environmental Development, and Building/Architecture (Logement, environnement et architecture, 2016) | 2016 |
David Payot | POP | Childhood, Youth, and Quarters (Enfance, jeunesse et quartiers, 2016) | 2016 |
Florence Germond | PS | Finances and Mobility (Finances et mobilité, 2011) | 2011 |
Xavier Company | PES | Industrial Services (Services industriels, 2021) | 2021 |
Simon Affolter is Town Chancellor (chancelier municipal) since and Patrizia Marzullo Darbellay is Deputy Town Chancellor since for the Municipality.
Parliament
The Communal Council (Conseil communal) holds
The last election of the Communal Council was held on 7 March 2021 for the mandate period (la législature) from 1 June 2021 to 31 May 2026. As of this election the Communal Council consist of 29 (-4) members of the
Elections
National Council
In the
In the
Twin towns and sister cities
Demographics
Population
Largest groups of foreign residents 2013[44] | ||
Nationality | Number | % total (foreigners) |
---|---|---|
Portugal | 10,081 | 7.2 (17.2) |
France | 9,968 | 7.2 (17.0) |
Italy | 6,326 | 4.5 (10.8) |
Spain | 4,558 | 3.3 (7.8) |
Kosovo | 2,318 | 1.7 (4.0) |
Germany | 1,377 | 1.0 (2.4) |
Turkey | 934 | 0.7 (1.6) |
United Kingdom | 859 | 0.6 (1.5) |
Brazil | 840 | 0.6 (1.4) |
Ecuador | 828 | 0.6 (1.4) |
Lausanne has a population (as of December 2020[update]) of 140,202.[45] As of 2013[update], 42% of the population were resident foreign nationals.[44] Over the last 10 years (1999–2009) the population has changed at a rate of 9.9%. It has changed at a rate of 8.3% due to migration and at a rate of 2.6% due to births and deaths.[46] The population of the greater Lausanne area (grand Lausanne) is 402,900 (as of December 2014).[10]
Of the population in the municipality, 58% or 80,828 have a Swiss citizenship, while 16,908 or 12.1% are from Lausanne and still lived there in December 2013. There were 27,653 or 19.8% who are from somewhere else in the same canton, while 36,276 or 26.0% have a Swiss citizenship in another canton. 58,9562 or 42.0% have a foreign citizenship.[47]
In 2000, most of the population spoke French (98,424 or 78.8%), with German being second most common (5,365 or 4.3%) and Italian being third (4,976 or 4.0%). There were 62 people who speak Romansh.[48]
In 2008[update] there were 840 live births to Swiss citizens and 623 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 862 deaths of Swiss citizens and 127 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 22 while the foreign population increased by 496. There were 9 Swiss men and 57 Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland. At the same time, there were 2230 non-Swiss men and 1802 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 883 and the non-Swiss population increased by 2221 people. This represents a
The age distribution, as of 2009[update], in Lausanne is; 11,818 children or 9.4% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 12,128 or 9.7% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 21,101 people or 16.8% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 22,158 people or 17.6% are between 30 and 39, 18,016 people or 14.4% are between 40 and 49, and 13,940 people or 11.1% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 11,041 people or 8.8% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 8,277 people or 6.6% are between 70 and 79, there are 5,896 people or 4.7% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 1,171 people or 0.9% who are 90 and older.[50]
As of 2000[update], there were 58,100 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 48,990 married individuals, 7,797 widows or widowers and 10,027 individuals who are divorced.[48]
As of 2000[update] the average number of residents per living room was 0.64 which is about equal to the cantonal average of 0.61 per room.
As of 2000[update], there were 62,258 private households in the municipality, and an average of 1.9 persons per household.[46] There were 31,205 households that consist of only one person and 2,184 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 63,833 households that answered this question, 48.9% were households made up of just one person and there were 306 adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 13,131 married couples without children and 11,603 married couples with children. There were 3,883 single parents with a child or children. There were 2,130 households that were made up of unrelated people, and 1,575 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.[48]
In 2000[update] there were 1,833 single family homes (or 23.1% of the total) out of a total of 7,925 inhabited buildings. There were 3,634 multi-family buildings (45.9%), along with 1,955 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (24.7%) and 503 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (6.3%). Of the single family homes 324 were built before 1919, while 153 were built between 1990 and 2000. The greatest number of single family homes (498) were built between 1919 and 1945. The most multi-family homes (933) were built before 1919 and the next most (906) were built between 1919 and 1945. There were 180 multi-family houses built between 1996 and 2000.[53]
In 2000[update] there were 69,383 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 3 rooms of which there were 22,408. There were 9,579 single room apartments and 7,388 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 61,056 apartments (88.0% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 6,840 apartments (9.9%) were seasonally occupied and 1,487 apartments (2.1%) were empty.[53] As of 2009[update], the construction rate of new housing units was 2.1 new units per 1000 residents.[46]
As of 2003[update] the average price to rent an average apartment in Lausanne was 1064.08 Swiss francs (CHF) per month (US$850, £480, €680 approx. exchange rate from 2003). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 597.46 CHF (US$480, £270, €380), a two-room apartment was about 792.33 CHF (US$630, £360, €510), a three-room apartment was about 1044.64 CHF (US$840, £470, €670) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 2024.55 CHF (US$1620, £910, €1300). The average apartment price in Lausanne was 95.3% of the national average of 1116 CHF.[54] The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010[update], was 0.17%.[46]
Historic population
The historical population is given in the following chart:[8]
Historic population data[8] | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | Total population | French-speaking | German-speaking | Catholic | Protestant | Other | Jewish | Islamic | No religion given | Swiss | Non-Swiss |
13th century | 8,000–9,000 | ||||||||||
1650–1680 | c. 5,100 | ||||||||||
1698 | 6,204 | ||||||||||
1764 | 7,191 | ||||||||||
1798 | over 9,000 | ||||||||||
1813 | c. 13,000 | ||||||||||
1850 | 17,108 | 970 | 16,101 | 16,023 | 1,085 | ||||||
1870 | 25,845 | 3,527 | 22,596 | 22,353 | 4,167 | ||||||
1888 | 33,340 | 25,750 | 5,704 | 4,575 | 28,431 | 1,034 | 184 | 28,205 | 5,135 | ||
1900 | 46,732 | 35,509 | 6,627 | 9,364 | 36,659 | 1,450 | 473 | 37,231 | 9,501 | ||
1910 | 64,446 | 46,293 | 9,669 | 15,597 | 46,166 | 3,167 | 989 | 48,647 | 15,799 | ||
1930 | 75,915 | 58,691 | 11,080 | 16,868 | 56,300 | 2,901 | 818 | 65,231 | 10,684 | ||
1950 | 106,807 | 88,226 | 12,403 | 27,218 | 75,559 | 2,349 | 1,009 | 97,119 | 9,688 | ||
1970 | 137,383 | 101,555 | 11,964 | 54,993 | 75,093 | 11,670 | 1,394 | 669 | 2,056 | 106,229 | 31,154 |
1990 | 128,112 | 95,455 | 6,799 | 56,464 | 48,496 | 19,103 | 919 | 2,775 | 14,548 | 88,905 | 39,207 |
2000 | 124,914 | 98,424 | 5,365 | 47,225 | 36,084 | 16,149 | 849 | 7,501 | 21,080 | 80,213 | 44,701 |
Religion
From the
From the 2000 census[update], 47,225 people (37.8% of the population) were
Crime
In 2014 the crime rate, of crimes listed in the
Transport
Lausanne is served by an extensive network of local, national and international public transport. National and international passenger trains of the
Lausanne became the first city in Switzerland to have a rubber-tyred metro system, with the m2 Line which opened in October 2008. The rolling stock is a shorter version of the one used on Paris Métro Line 14.[56] Further expansion of the system is planned, as is the re-introduction of trams.[57]
Lausanne is connected to the
Economy
As of 2010[update], Lausanne had an unemployment rate of 8%. As of 2008[update], there were 114 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 25 businesses involved in this sector. 6,348 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 698 businesses in this sector. 83,157 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 6,501 businesses in this sector.[46]
There were 59,599 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which women made up 47.4% of the workforce. In 2008[update] the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 75,041. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 93, of which 56 were in agriculture, 34 were in forestry or lumber production and 3 were in fishing or fisheries. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 6,057 of which 1,515 or (25.0%) were in manufacturing, 24 or (0.4%) were in mining and 3,721 (61.4%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 68,891. In the tertiary sector; 8,520 or 12.4% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 2,955 or 4.3% were in the movement and storage of goods, 4,345 or 6.3% were in a hotel or restaurant, 4,671 or 6.8% were in the information industry, 6,729 or 9.8% were the insurance or financial industry, 8,213 or 11.9% were technical professionals or scientists, 5,756 or 8.4% were in education and 14,312 or 20.8% were in health care.[59]
In 2000[update], there were 55,789 workers who commuted into the municipality and 19,082 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 2.9 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 1.9% of the workforce coming into Lausanne are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.1% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work.[60] Of the working population, 40.9% used public transportation to get to work, and 35.1% used a private car.[46] Large companies headquartered in Lausanne and its metropolitan area include:
- Banque cantonale vaudoise, banking;
- Bata Corporation, shoe manufacturing;
- Bobst SA, machinery;
- Compangie financière Tradition, financial services;
- CGN, transportation;
- Edipresse, publishing;
- ELCA, IT;
- Eni Suisse SA, oil & gas;
- Kudelski Group, IT;
- Landolt & Cie, banking;
- Logitech, computer peripherals;
- Nespresso, coffee (an operating unit of Nestlé);
- Payot, retail bookstore;
- Philip Morris International, a tobacco company;[61]
- Retraites Populaires, financial services;
- Sophia Genetics, biotechnology;
- Tetra Laval, packaging; and
- Vaudoise Assurances, insurance.
Education
In Lausanne about 40,118 or (32.1%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 22,934 or (18.4%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 22,934 who completed tertiary schooling, 38.7% were Swiss men, 31.3% were Swiss women, 17.1% were non-Swiss men and 12.9% were non-Swiss women.[48]
In the 2009/2010 school year there were a total of 12,244 students in the Lausanne school district. In the Vaud cantonal school system, two years of non-obligatory pre-school are provided by the political districts.[62] During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 2,648 children of which 1,947 children (73.5%) received subsidized pre-school care. The canton's primary school program requires students to attend for four years. There were 6,601 students in the municipal primary school program. The obligatory lower secondary school program lasts for six years and there were 5,244 students in those schools. There were also 399 students who were home schooled or attended another non-traditional school.[63]
Lausanne is home to several museums, including the
As of 2000[update], there were 12,147 students in Lausanne who came from another municipality, while 2,258 residents attended schools outside the municipality.[60]
Libraries
Lausanne is home to eight large libraries or collections of libraries. These libraries include the
Tertiary education
Lausanne enjoys some world class education and research establishments (see also Lausanne campus), including private schools, attended by students from around the world.
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
- University of Lausanne (UNIL)
- HEC Lausanne, Faculty of Business and Economics of the University of Lausanne
- University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), a hospital centre with associated research
- École hôtelière de Lausanne (EHL)
- École cantonale d'art de Lausanne (ECAL)
- International Institute for Management Development (IMD)
- Swiss Graduate School of Public Administration (IDHEAP)
- AISTS ("International Academy of Sports Science and Technology")
- Business School Lausanne (BSL)
- The Lausanne campus of the University of the Nations
- Pepperdine University maintains an international study campus in Lausanne
Primary and secondary schools
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2016) |
- International schools
- École française de Lausanne-Valmont
- Lycée Pareto (Italian school)
- Brillantmont International School
- International School of Lausanne
- Collège Champittet
- Private schools
- École Vinet
- École Alphalif
Culture and arts
Heritage sites of national significance
There are 46 buildings or sites that are listed as Swiss
- Religious Buildings: Swiss Reformed Church of Saint-François, Swiss Reformed Church of Saint-Laurent and the Synagogueat Avenue de Florimont.
- Civic Structures: Former Hôpital at Rue Mercerie 24, Former Federal Tribunal, the Former Académie at Rue Cité-Devant 7, University Hospital of Lausanne(CHUV).
- Museums and Libraries: Former Residence of the Bishop of Lausanne which is now the Lausanne Museum of History, Bibliothèque des cèdres (former Bibliothèque des pasteurs), Cantonal Museum of Zoology, Cantonal Museum of Fine Arts, Musée monétaire cantonal de Lausanne] (Cabinet des médailles) and Musée cantonal d'archéologie et d'histoire.
- Archives: Archives of the Banque Vaudoise, Archives of the City of Lausanne, Archives of Énergie Ouest Suisse (EOS), the Radio Suisse Romande archives and the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland with archives.
- Archeological sites: The Roman era/medieval hill-top city and the prehistoric settlement and Roman era Lousanna).
-
TheCasino de Montbenon
-
University Hospital of Lausanne(CHUV)
-
Château Saint-Maire
-
Swiss ReformedChurch of Saint-François
-
Swiss ReformedChurch of Saint-Laurent
-
Fondation de l'Hermitage
-
Hôtel Beau-Rivage Palace
-
Administrative building of the Vaudoise Assurances
-
Musée de l'Élysée
-
Olympic Museum and Archives of the International Olympic Committee
-
Ouchy waterfront
-
The Sauvabelin Tower
Culture
The Orchestre de chambre de Lausanne, the Lausanne Opera and the Ensemble vocal de Lausanne provide a diverse and rich musical life. The latter has been under the direction of Michel Corboz for many years.
In January, the Prix de Lausanne, a famous dance competition, takes place at the Palais de Beaulieu (the biggest theatre in Switzerland[67]) over a one-week period. The event attracts dancers and some of the big names in dance from all over the world.
The
The city hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 1989. Each July, the Festival de la cité is held in the old town. Other music festivals include the Bach Festival, the Festival et concours Bach de Lausanne, which follows the Nuit de musées (museums' night) in the fall season.
Lausanne is also the home of the Béjart Ballet.
Monuments
- Viollet-le-Duc)
- Saint-Maire Castle (Château Saint-Maire)
- Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland
- Town Hall[69]
Museums
Lausanne is also the site of many museums:
- Archizoom
- Musée Bolo
- Olympic Museum (Musée olympique)
- Musée de l'Élysée
- Fondation de l'Hermitage ("Hermitage Foundation")
- Collection of Outsider Art (Collection de l'art brut)
- Museum of Contemporary Design and Applied Arts (Musée de design et d'arts appliqués contemporains)
- Lausanne Museum of History (Musée historique de Lausanne)[70]
- Musée Arlaud or "Espace Arlaud"[71]
- Espace des inventions[72] ("Science Center for Kids") at the Vallée de la Jeunesse
- Fondation Claude Verdan[73] – Musée de la main ("Museum of the Hand")
- Vivarium de Lausanne[74]
- Cantonal Botanical Museum and Gardens (Musée et jardins botaniques cantonaux)
- Cantonal Museum of Money[75] (Musée monétaire cantonal) (formerly "Cabinet cantonal des médailles"[76])
- Cantonal Museum of Archeology and History[77] (Musée cantonal d'archéologie et d'histoire)[78]
- Cantonal Museum of Fine Arts (Musée cantonal des beaux-arts)
- Cantonal Museum of Zoology (Musée cantonal de zoologie)
- Cantonal Museum of Geology[79](Musée cantonal de Géologie)
- Lausanne-Vidy Roman Museum[80]
Art galleries
Main contemporary art galleries
- Galerie Lucy Mackintosh (closed)
- Dubner Moderne[81]
- Synopsism
- Espace Saint-François[82]
Art centers or artist-run galleries
Music
- Contemporary composer Leonardo Balada's Symphony No. 4 is subtitled 'Lausanne'.
- Igor Stravinsky's L'Histoire du Soldatwas premiered in Lausanne in September 1918.
Sports
Lausanne is home to the
Local
- Lausanne HCIce Hockey Club
- Lausanne-Sport Football Club
- Stade Lausanne Ouchy Football Club
- Stade Lausanne Rugby Club
- Lausanne-Sports Aviron Rowing Club
- Federation of Swiss Bandy
- Lausanne University Club (Luc) Rugby
- Swiss Power Wrestling (SPW) Professional Wrestling promotion and school
International
Lausanne hosts the headquarters of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS), and many other international sport associations:
- European Athletics Association (EAA)
- International Baseball Federation (IBAF)
- International Canoe Federation (ICF)[87]
- International Federation for Equestrian Sports (Fédération Équestre Internationale, FEI)
- International Fencing Federation(Fédération Internationale d'Escrime, FIE)
- International Golf Federation (Fédération Internationale de Golf, IGF)
- International Federation of Gymnastics(Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique, FIG)
- International Hockey Federation (Fédération Internationale de Hockey, FIH)
- International Rowing Federation(Fédération Internationale des Sociétés d'Aviron, FISA)
- International Skating Union (ISU)
- International Swimming Federation(Fédération Internationale de Natation, FINA)
- International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF)
- International Triathlon Union(ITU)
- International University Sports Federation (Fédération Internationale du Sport Universitaire, FISU)
- International Volleyball Federation(Fédération Internationale de Volleyball, FIVB)
- International Wushu Federation (IWUF)[88]
- World Air Sports Federation(Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, FAI)
- World Archery Federation (WA; Fédération Internationale de Tir à l'Arc, FITA)
- World DanceSport Federation (Fédération mondiale de danse sportive, WDSF)
- World Taekwondo
- FIDE (International Chess Federation)
International relations
In March–April 2015, the negotiations on Iran nuclear deal framework for a
On 24 July 1923, the Treaty of Lausanne was signed at the Beau-Rivage Palace.
Notable people
Public service, the military and the church
- Pierre Viret (1511–1571), Reformed theologian and Protestant reformer
- David-Louis Constant de Rebecque (1722–1785), colonel and commandant of a Swiss regiment
- Alexandre Vinet (1797–1847), critic and theologian<
- Amalric-Frédéric Buscarlet (1836–1928), overseas minister of the Church of Scotland, promoted the building of the Scots Kirk, Lausanne in 1876
- Major General Lionel Dunsterville CB CSI (1865–1946), British general, who led Dunsterforce
- Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (1867–1951), Finnish field marshal and president
- Gustave Biéler DSO MBE (1904–1944), Special Operations Executive agent during World War II
- Metropolitan Anthony of Sourozh (1914–2003), Russian Orthodox ecclesiastic
- Swiss Federal Council1974–1983
- Jean-François Bergier (1931–2009), historian, chaired the Bergier commission
- Jean-Pascal Delamuraz (1936–1998), politician
- Daniel Brélaz (born 1950), mathematician and politician, Mayor of Lausanne 2001–2016
- Simone de Montmollin (born 1968), member of the National Council
- Cassandre Berdoz, first woman Watchman of Lausanne Cathedral
- Marguerite Narbel (1918–2010), member of the Grand Council of Vaud
Science and architecture
- Jean-Nicolas-Sébastien Allamand (1716–1787), natural philosopher
- Johann Ludwig Burckhardt (1784–1817), traveller, geographer and orientalist
- Oswald Heer (1809–1883), geologist and naturalist
- Eugène Viollet-le-Duc (1814–1879), French architect and author
- Eugène Renevier (1831–1906), geologist and professor at the University of Lausanne
- Léon Walras (1834–1910), economist, professor of economics at University of Lausanne, co-founder of the Lausanne School of economics, together with Vilfredo Pareto
- Vilfredo Pareto (1848–1923), economist, engineer, sociologist, philosopher, professor of economics at University of Lausanne, co-founder of the Lausanne School of economics, together with: Léon Walras
- Sir Waldemar Haffkine (1860–1930), Ukrainian bacteriologist
- Auguste Piccard (1884–1962), physicist, inventor and explorer
- Michel Mayor (born 1942), astrophysicist, winner of the 2015 Kyoto Prize and co-laureate of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics
- Bernard Tschumi (born 1944), architect, writer and educator associated with deconstructivism
Writing
- Jean Bagnyon (1412–1487), lawyer, historian, political writer and translator
- Jean-Pierre de Crousaz (1663–1750), writer, theologian and philosopher
- Edward Gibbon (1737–1794), English historian, writer and Member of Parliament
- Benjamin Constant (1767–1830), political activist and writer on politics and religion.
- Charles Secrétan (1815–1895) philosopher
- Albert Chavannes (1836–1903), American author, philosopher and sociologist
- Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz(1878–1947), French-speaking Swiss writer
- Verena Hoehne (1945–2012), journalist and author
- Georges Simenon (1903–1989), Belgian writer, created Jules Maigret
- Alejo Carpentier (1904–1980), Cuban novelist, essayist, and musicologist
- Jean Anouilh (1910–1987), French dramatist
- Jack Rollan (1916–2007), journalist
- Han Suyin (1917–2012), Chinese-born Eurasian physician and author of books on China
- Nanos Valaoritis (born 1921), Greek writer, poet, novelist and playwright
- Jeanlouis Cornuz (1922–2007), novel writer
- Albin Schram (1926–2005), collected letters by royals, scientists, writers and philosophers
- Jon Steele (born 1950), American expatriate author, cameraman and journalist
Acting
- George Sanders (1906–1972), British film and television actor and author
- James Mason (1909–1984), English actor
- Freddy Buache (born 1924), cinema critic and director of the Swiss Film Archive 1951–1996
- Capucine (1928–1990), French actress and model
- Fernand Melgar (born 1961), actor, producer, director and film editor
- Vincent Perez (born 1964), film actor and director
- David Bennent (born 1966), actor
- Élodie Frenck (born 1974), Peruvian-Swiss-French actress
- James Thiérrée (born 1974), circus performer, violinist, actor and director
Painting
- Jeanne-Charlotte Allamand (1760 – 1839), pioneer, educator and artist
- François Bocion (1828–1890), artist and teacher, painted scenes around Lake Geneva
- Eugène Grasset (1845–1917), decorative artist, pioneer in Art Nouveau design
- Elizabeth Thompson (Lady Butler) (1846–1933), British painter of history paintings
- Théophile Steinlen (1859–1923), French Art Nouveau painter and printmaker
- Marius Borgeaud (1861–1924), Post-Impressionist painter
- Les Nabis
- Alice Bailly (1872–1938), radical painter, participated in the Dada movement
- René Auberjonois (1872–1957), a post-impressionist painter
- Ernest Boiceau (1881–1950), artist and designer
- Aloise Corbaz (1886–1964), outsider artist
- Outsider Art("Art Brut"), an exhibition curator and lecturer
- conceptual artist
- Irene Pijoan (1953–2004), painter, sculptor, educator
Music and dancing
- Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937), Polish composer and pianist
- Hélène Boschi (1917–1990), pianist
- Béjart Ballet
- Charles Dutoit (born 1936), conductor
- Manola Asensio (born 1943), ballet dancer
- Jacques Viret (born 1943), French musicologist
- Conservatory of Lausanne
- Rachel Kolly d'Alba (born 1981), violinist and an honorary citizen of Asunciónin Paraguay
Royalty, nobility, and the landed gentry
- King Alfonso XIII
- Alexandra Tegleva (1894–1955), Russian noblewoman who served as a nursemaid in the Imperial Household, lived in Lausanne after the Russian Revolution
- Helen of Greece and Denmark (1896–1982), Queen mother of Romania, saved Romanian Jews in World War II
- Prince Order of Malta
- Bhumibol Adulyadej (1927–2016), late King of Thailand, educated and lived locally 1933–1945
- Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria (1938–2015), last infante of Spain
- Prince Egon von Fürstenberg(1946–2004), socialite, banker, fashion and interior designer
- Princess Yasmin Aga Khan(born 1949), American philanthropist
- Princess Queen Anne of Romania
- Queen Anne of Romania
- Princess Ubol Ratana (born 1951), Thai princess
- Prince Christoph of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1956–2006), European socialite
Business
- Fabergé eggs, founded House of Fabergé
- Coco Chanel (1883–1971), a French fashion designer and businesswoman
- Ingvar Kamprad (1926–2018), founded IKEA
- Paloma Picasso (born 1949), French and Spanish fashion designer and businesswoman
- Dominique Lévy (born 1967) art dealer
Sport
- Pierre de Coubertin (1863–1937), French baron, founder of the International Olympic Committee
- André Wicky (1928–2016), racing car driver and team owner
- Juventus F.C.
- Howard Stupp (born 1955), Canadian wrestler
- Bertrand Piccard FRSGS (born 1958), psychiatrist and balloonist
- Patrik Lörtscher (born 1960), curler, Olympic winner
- Stéphane Chapuisat (born 1969), footballer
- Mattia Binotto (born 1969), Italian F1 engineer, team principal of Scuderia Ferrari from 2019 to 2022
- Sébastien Loeb (born 1974), French rally, racing, and rallycross driver
- Ludovic Magnin (born 1979), footballer
- Lorik Cana (born 1983), Albanian footballer
- Stan Wawrinka (born 1985), tennis player
- Stéphane Lambiel (born 1985), figure skater and coach and Olympic silver medalist
- Timea Bacsinszky (born 1989), tennis player
- Hugo de Sadeleer (born 1997), racing driver
Unwelcome notables
- Marie Manning (1821–1849), Swiss domestic servant and, with her husband, a murderer
- Serge Voronoff (1866–1951), French quack surgeon of Russian extraction
- Gaston-Armand Amaudruz (1920–2018), neo-fascist political philosopher and Holocaust denier
- François Genoud, (1915-1996), financier and Nazi sympathizer
See also
- Franco-Provençal language
- Eurovision Song Contest 1989
- International Academy of Sport Science and Technology(AISTS)
- Lac de Sauvabelin, Tour de Sauvabelin
- Beau-Rivage Palace
- Scots Kirk, Lausanne (Church of Scotland)
- List of mayors of Lausanne
- Lausanne Conference, 1949
- Treaty of Lausanne (1564)
- Treaty of Lausanne (1912)
- Treaty of Lausanne (1923)
Notes
References
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- ^ Error: Unable to display the reference properly. See the documentation for details.
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Bibliography
- Published in the 19th century
- Switzerland. Coblenz: Karl Baedeker. 1863.
- Published in the 20th century
- Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort (1911). . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 288–289.
- "Lausanne", Switzerland, Together with Chamonix and the Italian Lakes (26th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1922, OL 23344482M
External links
- Official website of the City of Lausanne (Archived 10 April 1997 at the Wayback Machine)
- The official tourism homepage of Lausanne
- Gilbert Coutaz: Lausanne in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland, 30 June 2014.