Lavras
Lavras | |
---|---|
Municipality of Lavras | |
UTC−3 (BRT) | |
Postal Code | 37200-000 |
Area code | (+55) 35 |
Website | lavras |
Lavras is a municipality in southern Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Located at an altitude of 919 m, it has a population of 104,761 inhabitants (2022).[1] The area of the municipality is 564.495 km2. The average annual temperature is 19.6°C and the average annual rainfall is 1,511 millimetres.
Located at the Green Valley and Waterfalls tourist circuit, it is also near Waters circuit – a series of spas in the state of
Geography
According to IBGE (2017), the municipality is in the Immediate Geographic Region of Lavras, in the Intermediate Geographic Region of Varginha.[3]
Ecclesiastical circumscription
The municipality is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of São João del-Rei.[4]
Climate
Lavras experiences a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa) with rainy summers and warm, dry winters.
Climate data for Lavras (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.0 (84.2) |
29.5 (85.1) |
28.8 (83.8) |
27.8 (82.0) |
25.3 (77.5) |
24.6 (76.3) |
25.0 (77.0) |
26.8 (80.2) |
28.1 (82.6) |
28.8 (83.8) |
28.0 (82.4) |
28.6 (83.5) |
27.5 (81.5) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 22.8 (73.0) |
23.0 (73.4) |
22.4 (72.3) |
21.1 (70.0) |
18.3 (64.9) |
17.2 (63.0) |
17.2 (63.0) |
18.7 (65.7) |
20.5 (68.9) |
21.9 (71.4) |
21.8 (71.2) |
22.5 (72.5) |
20.6 (69.1) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 18.6 (65.5) |
18.4 (65.1) |
18.0 (64.4) |
16.5 (61.7) |
13.6 (56.5) |
12.1 (53.8) |
11.5 (52.7) |
12.4 (54.3) |
14.6 (58.3) |
16.7 (62.1) |
17.4 (63.3) |
18.3 (64.9) |
15.7 (60.3) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 292.4 (11.51) |
178.2 (7.02) |
162.2 (6.39) |
54.6 (2.15) |
43.3 (1.70) |
19.8 (0.78) |
9.5 (0.37) |
15.1 (0.59) |
55.1 (2.17) |
101.0 (3.98) |
192.4 (7.57) |
259.8 (10.23) |
1,383.4 (54.46) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 16.6 | 11.6 | 11.9 | 5.6 | 3.2 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 5.4 | 8.7 | 13.4 | 17.2 | 99.2 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
76.4 | 74.5 | 76.2 | 73.4 | 73.9 | 72.5 | 66.9 | 60.5 | 61.3 | 66.2 | 73.7 | 76.7 | 71.0 |
Average dew point °C (°F) | 19.1 (66.4) |
19.0 (66.2) |
18.7 (65.7) |
17.2 (63.0) |
14.7 (58.5) |
13.4 (56.1) |
12.3 (54.1) |
12.2 (54.0) |
13.8 (56.8) |
16.1 (61.0) |
17.5 (63.5) |
18.9 (66.0) |
16.1 (61.0) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 181.6 | 192.3 | 197.6 | 222.5 | 211.9 | 214.6 | 237.3 | 252.6 | 219.1 | 206.9 | 177.9 | 174.2 | 2,488.5 |
Source: NOAA[5] |
History
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
1760 | 1,000 | — |
1813 | 10,612 | +4.56% |
1834 | 11,322 | +0.31% |
1854 | 14,203[6] | +1.14% |
1864 | 18,709 | +2.79% |
1872 | 31,813[7] | +6.86% |
1890 | 24,756 | −1.38% |
1900 | 38,685 | +4.56% |
1920 | 42,859[8] | +0.51% |
1940 | 42,187[9] | −0.08% |
1950 | 27,364[10] | −4.24% |
1960 | 37,262 | +3.14% |
1970 | 44,449[11] | +1.78% |
1980 | 52,710 | +1.72% |
1991 | 65,893 | +2.05% |
2000 | 78,772 | +2.00% |
2010 | 92,171 | +1.58% |
2022 | 104,761 | +1.07% |
Early settlement
The settlements on the Campos de Sant'Ana das Lavras do Funil dated from the first half of the 18th century, founded in 1729. mines. In 1737 the explorers receive from the Governor Martinho de Mendonça an allotment letter confirming their region occupation, which grew through agriculture and livestock.
On June 18, 1759,
19th century
On the
One of the most significant events of this period was the
Golden Age
The late nineteenth century and early twentieth century was a time of rapid development in Lavras. On December 18, 1880, it was inaugurated the 208 km river navigation between the Ribeirão Vermelho port (Lavras) and Capetinga port (municipality of Piumhi), made by steamboat "Dr. Jorge". On April 14, 1888, the Estrada de Ferro Oeste de Minas inaugurated the first station in Ribeirão Vermelho, and, on April 1, 1895, Lavras' city station is inaugurated. Later, in 1911, a tramway was opened, and so Lavras was one of the few cities in Brazilian interior to have this transportation system.[19]
After the
Social and political changes
Local demographics has been modified with the arrival of many immigrants, representing 1.9% of the population according to Census 1920: the municipality had a total of 806 foreigners, of which 380 were
The 1920s represented a slowdown in Lavras progress, partly caused by the intense political dispute promoted by two distinct groups: the
It was in the mid-twentieth century that Lavras constituted its current geographic boundaries. In its administrative division for the year 1933, the municipality was formed by eight districts: Lavras,
Progress and stagnation
Lavras, in the 1950s, passed by one of its moments of greatest cultural, artistic and sporting wealth thanks to civic associations such as the Lavras Friends Society (Sal) and Lavrense Society of Artistic Culture (Solca). Chroniclers of the time remember several initiatives such as balls, competitions, exhibitions, educational events, theatrical performances, music recitals and poetry, friendly football tournaments and also the formation of a public library and a city museum.[18]
In the early 1960s, while the country experienced a period of
The 1960s and 1970s represented profound changes in Lavras social composition. On one hand, there was the growth of urban areas due to
New millennium
On the eve of the 21st century, Lavras resumed its development path, being currently one of the most prosperous cities in the region, claiming in 2010 the second highest
Nevertheless, this development has also generated new problems in Lavras, such as drug trafficking and increased violence: from 2000–2002 to 2010–2012, the number of homicides caused by firearms increased from 4 to 18.[31][32] Another problem seen today is a major dispute between rival political groups,[33] dividing the city with intensity not seen since the 1920s.
Economy
As 2013, Lavras gross domestic product is R$2,058,203,000, or R$20,965 per capita. Of the GDP, agriculture corresponds to 2.7%, industry to 20.4%, services to 65.3%, while taxes are 11.6%.[34]
Agriculture and livestock
Lavras agricultural sector stands out especially for the production of coffee and milk, despite the presence of other crops and beef cattle breeding. The production data in 2014 according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics:[35]
Value (R$ 103) | Area (ha) | Production (t) | Yield (t/ha) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Banana | 120 | 10 | 120 | 12 |
Coffee | 36,098 | 4,610 | 4,979 | 1.08 |
Grape | 25 | 1 | 7 | 7 |
Guava | 160 | 7 | 84 | 12 |
Orange | 347 | 43 | 559 | 13 |
Passion fruit
|
47 | 3 | 36 | 12 |
Peach | 25 | 1 | 13 | 13 |
Value (R$ 103) | Area (ha) | Production (t) | Yield (t/ha) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bean | 1,230 | 1,000 | 820 | 0.82 |
Cassava | 54 | 5 | 90 | 18 |
Corn | 9,720 | 4,000 | 21,600 | 5,400 |
Soybean | 1,181 | 450 | 1,125 | 2.5 |
Sugarcane | 275 | 43 | 3,440 | 80 |
Tomato | 190 | 4 | 200 | 50 |
Value (R$ 103) | Production | |
---|---|---|
Fish | 54 | 9,000 kg
|
Honey | 196 | 28,000 kg
|
Chicken egg
|
29,958 | 7,490,000 doz
|
Quail egg
|
6,019 | 7,524,000 doz
|
Bovinae | Cows | Galliformes | Chicken | Quail | Equinae | Goat | Sheep | Swine
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
27,440 | 6,890 | 912,540 | 389,687 | 387,851 | 1,500 | 100 | 550 | 8,500 |
Education
In 2012, Lavras had 31 preschool, 37 primary schools, 16 secondary schools and 3 special education centers. There were 18,671 students and 1,127 teachers. Lavras has also 9 higher education universities and faculties.[36]
Preschool | Primary schools | Secondary schools | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Schools | Teachers | Student | Schools | Teachers | Student | Schools | Teachers | Student | |||||||||||||||||||||
Municipal School | 21 | 89 | 1721 | 18 | 305 | 6234 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
State School | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 193 | 3671 | 7 | 160 | 3008 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Private School | 10 | 44 | 456 | 11 | 207 | 2394 | 9 | 129 | 1187 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total | 31 | 133 | 2177 | 37 | 705 | 12299 | 16 | 289 | 4195 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ministério da Educação, Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais – INEP – Censo Educacional 2012. |
Federal University of Lavras
Lavras has one of Brazil's top universities, the
Transport
Lavras was a station on the Estrada de Ferro Oeste de Minas, a narrow gauge railway.
Sports
Lavras is home of Fabril Esporte Clube, a football club that achieved minor success during the 1980s in Minas Gerais state championship. Some famous athletes were born in Lavras, as the Brazil national football team defenders Alemão and Caçapa and the Bronze medal Olympic winner volleyball player Ana Paula Connelly.
References
- ^ a b "Consulte a população da sua cidade". 2022. Retrieved June 28, 2023.
2022 Estimates of Population
- ^ "Calculadora". Distância entre Cidades. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ^ "Divisões Regionais do Brasil | IBGE". www.ibge.gov.br. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
- ^ Silveira, Lucas. "Diocese ganha novo mapa territorial após criação de novas foranias". Diocese de São João del Rei. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Lavras". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
- ^ In 1841, the districts of Três Pontas, Varginha and Campos Gerais were separated from Lavras, to create the municipality of Três Pontas. In 1842, the district of São Thomé das Letras was transferred to the municipality of Baependi.
- ^ In 1866, the district of Boa Esperança was emancipated.
- ^ In 1911, the districts of Nepomuceno and Perdões were emancipated.
- Carrancas was transferred to the municipality of Francisco Sales, nowadays, São Vicente de Minas.
- ^ In 1943, the districts of Itumirim, Ingaí, Itutinga and Luminárias were separated from Lavras, to create the municipality of Itumirim. In 1948, the district of Ribeirão Vermelho was emancipated.
- ^ In 1962, the district of Ijaci was emancipated.
- ^ a b Costa, Firmino (1911). "História de Lavras". Revista do Arquivo Público Mineiro (in Portuguese). 16. Belo Horizonte: Imprensa Oficial de Minas Gerais: 130–131. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ISBN 978-85-911368-2-7. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ^ Saint-Adolphe, J. C. Milliet de (1845). Diccionario Geographico, Historico e Descriptivo, do Imperio do Brazil (in Portuguese). Vol. 1. Paris: J. P. Aillaud. pp. 556–557. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ^ São Paulo, Arquivo do Estado de (1896). "Descendência de Amador Bueno de Ribeira". Publicação Oficial de Documentos Interessantes para a História e Costumes de São Paulo (in Portuguese). 4. São Paulo: Companhia Industrial de São Paulo: 27–33. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ^ ISBN 978-85-911368-0-3. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ^ Provincial Law No. 1510, July 20, 1868.
- ^ a b c d Vilela, Marcio Salviano (2007). A Formação Histórica dos Campos de Sant'Ana das Lavras do Funil (in Portuguese). Lavras: Indi.
- ^ Morrison, Allen (April 8, 2012). "The Tramways of Lavras, Minas Gerais state, Brazil". Urban Transport in Latin America. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ^ Duarte, Jorge (August 24, 1941). "Lavras, Terra dos Ipês e das Escolas" (in Portuguese). Lavras: A Gazeta.
- ^ Brasil (1926). Recenseamento do Brazil: realizado em 1 de setembro de 1920, população (PDF) (in Portuguese). Vol. 4–1. Rio de Janeiro: Typographia da Estatística. p. 685. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ^ IBGE (1959). "Lavras". Enciclopédia dos Municípios Brasileiros (PDF) (in Portuguese). Vol. 25. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE. pp. 443–450. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ISBN 978-85-911368-1-0. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ^ Aeroclube de Lavras. "História" (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ^ Federal Law No. 4,307, December 23, 1963. Federaliza a Escola Superior de Agricultura de Lavras (ESAL) e dá outras providências (in Portuguese)
- ^ Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD) (2010). "Ranking do IDH-M dos municípios do Brasil" (PDF). Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ^ Rodrigues, Alberto da Silva (2002). Gerenciamento eletrônico de documentos: estudo de caso na Magneti Marelli Cofap – Lavras/MG (Monograph) (in Portuguese). Lavras: UFLA. p. 32. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ^ Federal Law No. 8,956, December 15, 1994. Dispõe sobre a transformação da Escola Superior de Lavras em Universidade Federal de Lavras e dá outras providências. (in Portuguese)
- ^ Between 1991 and 2010, enrollment in undergraduate higher education in Lavras jumped from 3,066 to 8,366. INEP (2010). "Série Histórica por Município: Número de Cursos, Matrículas, Concluintes, Vagas Oferecidas, Candidatos Inscritos e Ingressos – 1991 a 2010" (Excel). Sinopses Estatísticas da Educação Superior – Graduação (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ^ In the first semester of 2015, only 20% of students who entered the UFLA were from Lavras. Alvim, Ana Eliza (March 12, 2015). "PAS e SiSU: UFLA já recebeu, neste semestre, estudantes de 19 estados e do Distrito Federal". UFLA (in Portuguese). Lavras. ASCOM. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ^ Monteiro, Maria Gabriela; Santa Rosa, Idael Christiano A.; Lopes, Maria Cristina Godinho; Faria, Valdeir Martins de (September 17, 2004). "Estudo da mortalidade por causas externas em Lavras, MG" (PDF). XIII Congresso dos Pós-Graduandos da UFLA (in Portuguese). Lavras: UFLA. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ^ Brasil (2015). "Tabelas com a totalidade dos municípios". Mapa da Violência (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ^ Tribunal Regional Eleitoral de Minas Gerais (January 30, 2014). "Corte confirma cassação do prefeito de Lavras" (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ^ IBGE (2013). Minas Gerais » Lavras » produto interno bruto dos municípios. (in Portuguese)
- ^ IBGE (2014). Minas Gerais » Lavras » informações completas. (in Portuguese)
- ^ IBGE (2012). Minas Gerais » Lavras » ensino – matrículas, docentes e rede escolar.(in Portuguese)
- ^ Universidade Federal de Lavras. Homepage.