Lebanese diaspora
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Lebanese diaspora refers to
Under the current
The largest diaspora by far resides in Brazil, with between 5 and 7 million, followed by Colombia and Argentina, with about 1 to 3 million each.
Demographics
Although there are no reliable figures, the diaspora is estimated to be around 4[6][7][8] to 14 million people,[9][5][10] far more than the internal population of Lebanon of around 4.6 million citizens in 2020.[5][11] According to other estimates, the number of Lebanese living outside the country is thought to at least double the number of citizens living inside,[9] which means at least 8 million people. Of the diaspora, 1.2 million are Lebanese citizens.[12]
History
The Lebanese diaspora has always been a target to the Lebanese state to create institutional connection. In 1960 the World Lebanese Cultural Union was established under the authority of the President Fouad Chehab.[13]
The Lebanese diaspora, while historically trade-related, has more recently been linked to the
.The Americas have long been a destination for Lebanese migration, with Lebanese arriving in some countries at least as early as the nineteenth century. The largest concentration of Lebanese outside the Middle East is in
There are also other large Lebanese communities elsewhere in Latin America, including
A law passed in 2008 permitted Lebanese abroad to vote in Lebanese elections, starting in 2013.[19]
Business networks and economic impacts
Many Lebanese entrepreneurs and business people worldwide have proved very successful in all kinds of sectors and contexts. Lebanese abroad are considered "rich, educated and influential."
Throughout its history, the Lebanese diaspora used the Lebanese identity to create strong networks to help its members out. Over the course of time, immigration has indeed yielded Lebanese "commercial networks" throughout the world.[22] Lebanese migrants play an important role in assisting Lebanon and its people through financial support, touristic visits, starting businesses and trades.[23]
Lebanese populations in the diaspora
The list below contains approximate figures for people of full or partial Lebanese descent by country of residence, largely taken from the iLoubnan diaspora map.[24] Additional reliable cites have been provided where possible. Additional estimates have been included where they can be cited; where applicable, these are used in place of the iLoubnan figures. The figure below uses the data from the list and calculates the amount of Lebanese residents as a percentage of the total population of the respective country.
Country | Estimate | Upper Estimate | Region | Country article in English Wikipedia | List of personalities of Lebanese origin |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brazil | 2,000,000 according to a research conducted by IBGE in 2008, covering only the states of Amazonas, Paraíba, São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso and Distrito Federal, 0.9% of white Brazilian respondents said they had family origins in the Middle East[18]
|
5,800,000[24]-7,000,000[25] (Brazilian/Lebanese governments)[26] | Latin America | Lebanese Brazilian
|
Brazil
|
Colombia | 1,000,000[24] | 3,200,000[27][28] | Latin America | Lebanese Colombian
|
Colombia
|
Argentina | 1,200,000[24][30] | 1,500,000[30] | Latin America | Lebanese Argentine
|
Argentina
|
Venezuela | 340,000[24] | 500,000[31] | Latin America | Lebanese Venezuelan
|
Venezuela
|
United States | 500,000[32] | 900,000[33] | North America | Lebanese American
|
United States |
France | 300,000[14][34][15] | 375,000[35] | European Union
|
Lebanese French | France
|
Australia | 271,000[36][37] | 350,000[38] | Oceania | Lebanese Australian
|
Australia
|
Canada | 190,275[39] | 250,000[40] – 270,000[24] | North America | Lebanese Canadian
|
Canada
|
Germany | 147,000 [41] | ca. 200,000 | European Union
|
Lebanese German | Germany
|
Saudi Arabia | 120,000[24] | 299,000[citation needed] | Arab World | Lebanese people in Saudi Arabia | Saudi Arabia
|
Syria | 114,000[citation needed] | Middle-East | Lebanese people in Syria | Syria | |
Ecuador | 100,000[24] | 250,000 | Latin America | Lebanese Ecuadorian
|
Ecuador
|
Ivory Coast | 100,000[42] | 300,000[43][44] | Sub-Saharan Africa | Lebanese people in Ivory Coast | |
Mexico | 100,000[24] | 120,000[45] – 150,000[citation needed] | North America | Lebanese Mexican
|
Mexico
|
Dominican Republic | 80,000[46] | Latin America | Lebanese Dominican | ||
United Arab Emirates | 80,000[11] | 156,000[citation needed] | Arab World | Lebanese people in the United Arab Emirates | United Arab Emirates |
Uruguay | 53,000[24] | 70,000[47] | Latin America | Lebanese Uruguayan
|
Uruguay
|
Senegal | 50,000[48][49][50] | 150,000[51] | Sub-Saharan Africa | Lebanese Senegalese | |
Kuwait | 41,775[52] | 106,000[53] | Arab World | Lebanese people in Kuwait | |
Nigeria | 30,000[54] | 30,000 | Sub-Saharan Africa | Lebanese Nigerian | |
Sweden | 26,906[55] | European Union
|
Lebanese people in Sweden | Sweden
| |
Denmark | 26,705[56] | European Union
|
Lebanese people in Denmark | Denmark
| |
Qatar | 25,000[57] | 191,000[citation needed] | Arab World | Lebanese people in Qatar | |
Spain | 11,820[24] | European Union
|
Lebanese People in Spain | Spain
| |
New Zealand | 8,500[24] | Oceania | Lebanese New Zealander
|
||
South Africa | 5,100[citation needed] | 20,000[58] | Sub-Saharan Africa | Lebanese people in South Africa | South Africa
|
Israel | 3,500 (2021)[note 1][59] | Middle East | Lebanese in Israel
| ||
Sierra Leone | 3,000[60] | 17,000[60] | Sub-Saharan Africa | Lebanese people in Sierra Leone | |
Belgium | 2,400 | 5,000 | European Union
|
Lebanese people in Belgium
|
Belgium
|
Caribbean[note 2] | 545,200[24] | Latin America | Lebanese Jamaican
|
Jamaica
| |
Rest of Latin America, ex. Caribbean[note 3] | 181,800[24] | Latin America | Lebanese Chileans | Chile · Guatemala · Dutch Antilles
| |
Rest of GCC[note 4]
|
105,000[24] | Arab World | |||
Rest of European Union[note 5]
|
96,780[24] | European Union
|
Lebanese British · Lebanese Bulgarian** · Lebanese Greek | UK
| |
Scandinavia | 108,220[24] | European Union
|
Lebanese Swedish | Sweden · Denmark
| |
Rest of Sub-Saharan Africa[note 6] | 42,510[24] | Sub-Saharan Africa | Lebanese Sierra Leonean | Sierra Leone
| |
North Africa[note 7] | 14,000[24] | North Africa | Lebanese Egyptian | Egypt | |
Asia[note 8] | 2,600[24] | Asia |
Note: An important percentage of Middle-Easterners in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela, Bulgaria, Romania, Italy, Portugal and Spain are of Lebanese ancestry. They are denoted ** for this purpose.
Outreach to the Lebanese diaspora by the Lebanese government
The Lebanese government increasingly sees the diaspora as a critical resource for investment and new immigrants. A 2016 television ad tried to entice Lebanese in the United States to move to Lebanon to help improve the standard of living.[61]
The Lebanese government launched the DiasporaID program in August 2017 to better connect Lebanese abroad to Lebanon itself. Funding for the project was provided by USAID with an objective of improving foreign investment in Lebanon.[62][63]
On August 8, 2017, Lebanese President Michel Aoun advocated children of Lebanese in the diaspora take on Lebanese citizenship during a speech to the Maronite Diaspora Institution at Baabda Palace.[64]
Notable persons of Lebanese descent
Notable persons of Lebanese Christian descent
Famous scientists of Lebanese descent include:
Prominent members of the Lebanese diaspora include Presidents and Vice-Presidents, e.g.
Notable military and astronauts include US army general John Abizaid, Navy Seal and Medal of Honor recipient Michael Monsoor as well as astronaut and Congressional Space Medal of Honor recipient Christa McAuliffe. Computer scientists include Richard Rashid, Tony Fadell[72] and Jean Paoli.
Famous businessmen of Lebanese descent include
See also
- Arab diaspora
- Constitution of Lebanon
- Driving licence in Lebanon
- Foreign relations of Lebanon
- History of Lebanon
- Lebanese identity card
- Lebanese passport
- List of Lebanese people
- List of Lebanon international footballers born outside Lebanon
- Little Syria, Manhattan
- Politics of Lebanon
- Vehicle registration plates of Lebanon
- Visa policy of Lebanon
- Visa requirements for Lebanese citizens
Notes
- ^ The Lebanese community in Israel mostly consists of members of Antoine Lahad's Militia who continued to live in and receive salaries from the state of Israel since their group was disbanded in 2000.
- ^ Includes Cuba, Guadalupe & Haiti
- ^ Belize, Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru
- ^ Excludes Saudi Arabia & Kuwait, includes Iraq & Jordan
- ^ Belgium, Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Monaco, Switzerland, United Kingdom
- ^ Burkina Faso, Gambia, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria & Sierra Leone
- ^ Egypt, Libya & rest of North Africa
- ^ Iran, Indonesia, and Philippines
References
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External links
- The Lebanese Demographic Reality Lebanese Information Center, reviewed by Statistics Lebanon. 14 January 2013.
- Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies at North Carolina State University
- KUSUMO, Fitra Ismu, "ISLAM EN AMERICA LATINA Tomo I: La expansión del Islam y su llegada a América Latina (Spanish Edition)"[1]
- KUSUMO, Fitra Ismu, "ISLAM EN AMÉRICA LATINA Tomo II: Migración Árabe a América Latina y el caso de México (Spanish Edition)" [2]
- KUSUMO, Fitra Ismu, "ISLAM EN AMÉRICA LATINA Tomo III: El Islam hoy desde América Latina (Spanish Edition)"[3]