Lebanese people
Total population | |
---|---|
4 million (Lebanon)[1] 4[2][3][4]–14 million [5][6][7] (Lebanese diaspora) | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Lebanon | 4,130,000[1] |
Brazil | 1,000,000[8] - 6,000,000 - 7,000,000[9][10][11] |
Argentina | 1,500,000[12] |
Colombia | 700,000[13] - 3,200,000[14][15]
Druze)4
Jordanians |
Notes:
|
The Lebanese people (
in North America, South America, Europe, Australia and Africa, which is predominantly Maronite Christian.As the relative proportion of the various sects is politically sensitive, Lebanon has not collected official
Estimated to have lost their status as the majority in Lebanon itself, with their reduction in numbers largely as a result of their emigration, Christians still remain one of the principal religious groups in the country.[60] Descendants of Lebanese Christians make up the majority of Lebanese people worldwide, appearing principally in the diaspora.[61]
Identity
The Lebanese identity is rooted in a shared history and culture. Their rich cultural heritage includes
Lebanon's religious diversity is also a significant component of the national identity. The country is home to a plurality of religious communities, including Muslims, Christians, and Druze.[65] Each community has its own distinct religious practices, traditions, and customs, which have been passed down through generations.[66][67][68]
However, the identity has also been shaped by a long history of political and social conflict. The country has experienced a series of civil wars, foreign invasions, and political crises, which has deepened divisions between different communities and eroded trust in the government and institutions.[69][70][71]
Lebanon has managed to maintain a sense of national unity and identity. In the face of political and social challenges, the Lebanese people are known for their resilience and their ability to come together in times of crisis which has helped to strengthen their sense of national identity.[72][73]
Among Lebanese
Population numbers
The total Lebanese population is estimated at 8 to 18 million. Of these, the vast majority, or 4[2][3][4]- 14[6] million, constitute part of the Lebanese diaspora (residing outside of Lebanon), with approximately 4.7 million citizens residing in Lebanon itself.[58]
Lebanon
There are approximately 4.7 million Lebanese citizens in Lebanon.[58]
In addition to this figure, there are an additional 1 million
Lebanon is also a home to various ethnic minorities found refuge in the country over the centuries. Prominent ethnic minorities in the country include the
There are also a small number of nomadic Dom Gypsies (part of the Roma people of South Asian, particularly, Indian descent)
Diaspora
The Lebanese diaspora consists of approximately 4[2][3][4]- 14[6] million, both Lebanese-born living abroad and those born-abroad of Lebanese descent. The majority of the Lebanese in the diaspora are Christians,[79] disproportionately so in the Americas where the vast majority reside. An estimate figure show that they represent about 75% of the Lebanese in total. Lebanese abroad are considered "rich, educated and influential"[80] and over the course of time immigration has yielded Lebanese "commercial networks" throughout the world.[81]
The largest number of Lebanese is to be found in
Large numbers also reside elsewhere in North America, most notably in the
In Africa, Ghana and the Ivory Coast are home to over 100,000 Lebanese.[88] There are significant Lebanese populations in other countries throughout Western and Central Africa.[89][90] Australia hosts over 180,000 and Canada 250,000. In the Arab world, around 400,000 Lebanese live in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf.[91] More than 2,500 ex-SLA members remain in Israel.[92]
Currently, Lebanon provides no automatic right to Lebanese citizenship for emigrants who lost their citizenship upon acquiring the citizenship of their host country, nor for the descendants of emigrants born abroad. This situation disproportionately affects Christians. Recently, the Maronite Institution of Emigrants called for the establishment of an avenue by which emigrants who lost their citizenship may regain it, or their overseas-born descendants (if they so wish) may acquire it.[93]
The list below contains approximate figures for people of Lebanese descent by country of residence, largely taken from the iLoubnan diaspora map.[21] Additional reliable cites have been provided where possible. Additional estimates have been included where they can be cited; where applicable, these are used in place of the iLoubnan figures. The Figure below uses the data from the list and calculates the amount of Lebanese residents as a percentage of the total population of the respective country.
Country | Lower Estimate | Upper Estimate | Region | Country article in English Wikipedia | Name List of personalities of Lebanese origin |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brazil | 2,000,000 according to a research conducted by IBGE in 2008, covering only the states of Amazonas, Paraíba, São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso and Distrito Federal, 0.9% of white Brazilian respondents said they had family origins in the Middle East[8]
|
5,800,000[21] -7,000,000[94] (Brazilian/Lebanese governments)[95] | Latin America | Lebanese Brazilian
|
Brazil
|
Argentina | 1,200,000[21][12] | 3,500,000[12] | Latin America | Lebanese Argentine
|
Argentina
|
Colombia | 800,000[21] | 3,200,000[96] | Latin America | Lebanese Colombian
|
Colombia
|
United States | 500,000[97][note 1] | 506,150[98][note 2] | North America | Lebanese American
|
United States |
Venezuela | 341,000[21] | 500,000[99] | Latin America | Lebanese Venezuelan
|
Venezuela
|
Australia | 271,000[100][101] | 350,000[102] | Oceania | Lebanese Australian
|
Australia
|
Mexico | 240,000[21] | 400,000[103] - 505,000[citation needed] | Latin America | Lebanese Mexican
|
Mexico
|
Canada | 190,275[104] | 250,000[105] - 270,000[21] | North America | Lebanese Canadian
|
Canada
|
Saudi Arabia | 120,000[21] | 269,000[106] | Arab World | Lebanese people in Saudi Arabia | Saudi Arabia
|
Syria | 114,000[citation needed] | Arab World | Lebanese people in Syria | Syria | |
France | 275,000[107][108] | 290,000 | European Union
|
Lebanese French | France
|
Ecuador | 98,000[21] | 250,000 | Latin America | Lebanese Ecuadorian
|
Ecuador
|
Dominican Republic | 80,000[109] | Latin America | Lebanese Dominican | ||
United Arab Emirates | 80,000[110] | 156,000[citation needed] | Arab World | Lebanese people in the United Arab Emirates | United Arab Emirates |
Uruguay | 53,000[21] | 70,000[111] | Latin America | Lebanese Uruguayan
|
Uruguay
|
Germany | 50,000[112] | European Union
|
Lebanese German | Germany
| |
Ivory Coast | 50,000[113] | 90,000[114] | Sub-saharan Africa | Lebanese people in Ivory Coast | |
Kuwait | 41,775[115] | 106,000[116] | Arab World | Lebanese people in Kuwait | |
Senegal | 30,000[117][118] | Sub-Saharan Africa | Lebanese Senegalese | ||
Sweden | 26,906[119] | European Union
|
Lebanese people in Sweden | Sweden
| |
Denmark | 26,705[120] | European Union
|
Lebanese people in Denmark | Denmark
| |
Qatar | 25,000[121] | 191,000[citation needed] | Arab World | Lebanese people in Qatar | |
Spain | 11,820[21] | European Union
|
Lebanese Spanish | Spain
| |
New Zealand | 8,500[21] | Oceania | Lebanese New Zealander
|
||
South Africa | 5,100[citation needed] | 20,000[43] | Sub-Saharan Africa | Lebanese people in South Africa | South Africa
|
Belgium | 2,400 | 5,000 | European Union
|
Lebanese people in Belgium
|
Belgium
|
Caribbean[note 3] | 545,200[21] | Latin America | Lebanese Jamaican
|
Jamaica
| |
Rest of Latin America, ex. Caribbean[note 4] | 181,800[21] | Latin America | Lebanese Chileans | Chile · Guatemala · Dutch Antilles
| |
Scandinavia | 108,220[21] | European Union
|
Lebanese Swedish | Sweden · Denmark
| |
Rest of GCC[note 5]
|
105,000[21] | Arab World | |||
Rest of European Union[note 6]
|
96,780[21] | European Union
|
Lebanese British · Lebanese Bulgarian** · Lebanese Greek | UK
| |
Rest of Sub-Saharan Africa[note 7] | 42,510[21] | Sub-Saharan Africa | Lebanese Sierra Leonean | Sierra Leone
| |
North Africa[note 8] | 14,000[21] | North Africa | Lebanese Egyptian | Egypt | |
Asia[note 9] | 2,600[21] | Asia |
Note: An important percentage of Arabs in Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela, Bulgaria, Romania, Italy, Portugal and Spain are of Lebanese ancestry. They are denoted ** for this purpose.
Religion
There are other
No official census has been taken since 1932, reflecting the political sensitivity in Lebanon over confessional (i.e. religious) balance.[130]
A study conducted by Statistics Lebanon, a Beirut-based research firm, cited by the United States Department of State found that of Lebanon's population of approximately 4.3 million is estimated to be:[58]
- 54% Sunni, 27% each)
- 40.5% Coptic Orthodox)
- 5.5% even though under the terms of the Lebanese Constitution the Druze community is designated as a part of the Lebanese Muslim community.)
There are also very small numbers of other religions such as Judaism, Mormons, Baháʼí Faith, and also religions practiced by foreigner workers like Buddhism and Hinduism.[58]
The
The International Foundation for Electoral Systems provides source for the registered voters in Lebanon for 2011[134] (it has to be noted that voter registration does not include people under 18 and unregistered voters) that puts the numbers as following:
With the
Though Lebanon is a secular country, family matters such as marriage, divorce and inheritance are still handled by the religious authorities representing a person's faith. Calls for civil marriage are unanimously rejected by the religious authorities but civil marriages held in another country are recognized by Lebanese civil authorities.
Legally registered
Non-religion is not recognized by the state, however in 2009, the
Genetics
Y-DNA haplogroups
In a 2011 genetic study by Haber et al. which analyzed the male-line Y-chromosome genetics of the different religious groups of Lebanon, revealed no large genetic differentiation between the Maronites, Greek Orthodox Christians, Greek Catholic Christians, Sunni Muslims, Shia Muslims, and Druze of the country in regards to the more frequent haplogroups. Major differences between Lebanese groups were found among the less frequent haplogroups.[138]
Canaanite origins
In a 2017 study by Haber et al., the authors concluded that modern-day Lebanese individuals "derive most of their ancestry from a Canaanite-related population". This finding "implies substantial genetic continuity in the Levant since at least the Bronze Age." Additionally, the researchers identified Eurasian ancestry in modern Lebanese genomes that was absent in Bronze Age populations. They estimated Eurasian ancestry appeared in the Levant approximately 3,750–2,170 years ago.[139]
Autosomal DNA
In a 2020 study published in the American Journal of Human Genetics, authors showed that there is substantial genetic continuity in Lebanon and the Levant since the Bronze Age (3300–1200 BC) interrupted by three significant admixture events during the Iron Age, Hellenistic, and Ottoman period, each contributing 3%–11% of non-local ancestry to the admixed population. The admixtures were tied to the Sea Peoples of the Late Bronze Age collapse, South or Central Asians, and Ottoman Turks, respectively.[140]
Relationship with other populations
One study by the International Institute of Anthropology in
Notable individuals
Part of Lebanese cedar ) |
Lebanon portal |
See also
- List of Lebanese people
- Arab diaspora
- Lebanese diaspora
- Lebanese Americans
- Lebanese Australians
- Lebanese Argentines
- Lebanese Brazilians
- Lebanese Canadians
- Lebanese Colombians
- Lebanese Mexicans
- Lebanese New Zealanders
- Lebanese Jamaicans
- Lebanese Haitians
- Lebanese Uruguayans
- Lebanese Venezuelans
- Lebanese Jews
- Lebanese people in Ecuador
- Lebanese people in France
- Lebanese people in the United Kingdom
- Lebanese people in Ivory Coast
- Lebanese people in South Africa
- Lebanese people in Senegal
- Lebanese people in Sierra Leone
- Lebanese nationality law
- Levant
- Mediterranean race
- Migrant domestic workers in Lebanon
Notes
- ^ 26% of 1.9m Americans of Arab descent
- ^ 26% of 3,665,789 Americans of Arab descent
- ^ Includes Cuba, Guadalupe & Haiti
- ^ Belize, Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru
- ^ Excludes Saudi Arabia & Kuwait, includes Iraq & Jordan
- ^ Belgium, Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Monaco, Switzerland, United Kingdom
- ^ Burkina Faso, Gambia, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria & Sierra Leone
- ^ Egypt, Libya & rest of North Africa
- ^ Iran & Philippines
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[Druze] often they are not regarded as being Muslim at all, nor do all the Druze consider themselves as Muslim
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Footnotes
- ^ Many Christian Lebanese do not identify themselves as Arab but rather as descendants of the ancient Canaanites and prefer to be called "Phoenicians"
External links
- "Senior Seminar: Transnational Migration and Diasporic Communities". Archived from the original on 15 January 2009. Retrieved 24 July 2008., Hamline University, 2002