Left Ecology Freedom
Left Ecology Freedom Sinistra Ecologia Libertà | |
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European United Left–Nordic Green Left | |
Colours | Red |
Website | |
www | |
Left Ecology Freedom[5][6][7][8][9][10][11] (Italian: Sinistra Ecologia Libertà,[12] SEL) was a democratic socialist[3] political party in Italy whose bulk was formed by former members of the Communist Refoundation Party.
The party's leader was Nichi Vendola, a former President of Apulia. On 17 December 2016, SEL dissolved into Italian Left, which was officially launched as a party in early 2017.
History
Left and Freedom
SEL was formed as an alliance called Left and Freedom (Sinistra e Libertà, SL) in the run up to the
At the time of formation, on 16 March 2009, SL included:
- Movement for the Left (MpS, socialist/communist, leader: Nichi Vendola, 2 MEPs)
- Socialist Party (PS, social-democratic, leader: Riccardo Nencini, 4 MEPs)
- Federation of the Greens (FdV, green, leader: Grazia Francescato, 2 MEPs)
- Democratic Left (SD, democratic socialist, leader: Claudio Fava)
- Unite the Left (UlS, socialist/communist, leaders: Umberto Guidoni, Katia Bellillo, 1 MEP)
The
In the election, SL failed to pass the 4% threshold. Despite that, it was decided that SL would become a party.
Road to the new party
In October 2009, during a party congress, the Greens elected a new party leader,
In December SL was officially launched as a party,[21] and Vendola was elected spokesperson.[22]
After an important meeting in September in Naples, where it was decided to add "Ecology" to the party's name,[23] in December 2009 Left Ecology and Freedom (SEL) held a constituent assembly in Rome. The new symbol was presented and Vendola was confirmed as spokesperson.
SEL, often in coalition with the PS, did well in the 2010 regional elections, especially in Central and Southern Italy. Overall, SEL won 3.0% of the vote, with the PS at 0.7% and the Greens at 0.2%. In the Apulian election Vendola was re-elected President of the Region and trailed SEL to 9.7%, its best regional result.[24]
The party was officially founded in a congress in Florence on 22–24 October 2010. Vendola was elected president.[25]
Road to the 2013 general election
In 2011 and 2012, the party offered a strong competition to the Democratic Party (PD) in coalition primaries in many cities. In May 2011 Giuliano Pisapia and Massimo Zedda, who had been supported by SEL in primaries, were elected mayors of Milan and Cagliari, respectively. The party gained 5% in Milan, 6% in Turin, 10% in Bologna, 6% in Trieste, 4% in Naples and 7% in Cagliari.[citation needed]
In occasion of the 2011 referendums of June 2011 (on the abrogation of a law allowing the construction of nuclear power plants in Italy, the abrogation of a law allowing the privatisation of water management and the abrogation of so-called "legitimate impediment"), SEL gave full support to the "yes" committees. In May 2012, Marco Doria, another independent close to SEL, was elected Mayor of Genoa.
In August 2012, Vendola announced his bid for the primary election in order to select the candidate for Prime Minister of the PD-led centre-left coalition in the 2013 general election. On 25 November of the same year, Vendola won 15.6% of the vote and came third behind Democrats Pier Luigi Bersani (44.9%) and Matteo Renzi (35.5%). In the run-off Vendola supported Bersani, who defeated Renzi 60.9% to 39.1%.[26] SEL selected its candidates for the election through a closed primary in December 2012.[27]
2013 general election
In the
On 16 March 2013,
In September 2013, SEL expressed its intention to join the
2014 European Parliament election
Ahead of the 2014 European Parliament election the party participated in the formation of a left-wing joint list, The Other Europe, which was endorsed by Alexis Tsipras and included several intellectuals and the Communist Refoundation Party. In the election the list obtained 4.0% of the vote and 3 MEPs.
Right after the election, the party suffered a severe split in its parliamentary ranks as 12 deputies out of 37, including the floor leader
Dissolution into Italian Left
In November 2015, SEL formed a joint parliamentary group in the Chamber, named Italian Left (SI), with splinters from the PD (see Future to the Left) and other parties.[38][39] In February 2016, SI held its constituent assembly in Rome, where it was announced that SI will be founded as a full-fledged party in December.[40][41][42] In March 2016, SI was established as a sub-group within the Mixed Group in the Senate: five SEL senators joined,[43] while other two (including Sardist Luciano Uras)[44] refused to do so.[45]
On 17 December 2016, SEL was merged into SI, which would be officially launched as a party in early 2017.[1]
Electoral results
Italian Parliament
Chamber of Deputies | |||||
Election year | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Leader |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2013 | 1,089,442 (6th) | 3.2 | 37 / 630
|
–
|
Senate of the Republic | |||||
Election year | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Leader |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2013 | 912,347 (6th) | 3.0 | 7 / 315
|
–
|
European Parliament
European Parliament | |||||
Election year | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Leader |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2009 | 958,458 (7th) | 3.1 | 0 / 72
|
–
|
|
2014 | into Other Europe | 4.0 | 3 / 73
|
–
|
Leadership
- Spokesperson/President:[46] Nichi Vendola (2009–2016)
- Vice President: Maria Luisa Boccia (2014–2016),[citation needed] Fabio Mussi (2014–2016)[citation needed]
- Coordinator: Claudio Fava (2009–2013), Francesco Ferrara (2013–2014), Nicola Fratoianni (2014–2016)
- President of the National Bureau: Fabio Mussi (2010–2014)
- President of the National Assembly: Maria Luisa Boccia (2010–2014), Paolo Cento (2014–2016)
- Party Leader in the Chamber of Deputies: Gennaro Migliore (2013–2014), Nicola Fratoianni (2014), Arturo Scotto (2014–2016)
- Party Leader in the Senate: Loredana De Petris (2013–2016)
Symbols
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2009
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2009
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2010–2016
External links
References
- ^ a b RAI News (17 December 2016). "Vendola traghetta Sel nella "Sinistra italiana"". RAI.
- ^ "Riccione il 2° Congresso di Sel: La strada giusta tra crisi sociale, della politica e un campo largo, a sinistra, da ricostruire – Sinistra Ecologia Libertà". Sinistra Ecologia Libertà. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
- ^ a b c Nordsieck, Wolfram (2015). "Italy". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 15 February 2018.
- ISBN 978-0-7486-7753-5.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4833-3327-4.
- ISBN 978-3-319-04666-2.
- ISBN 978-1-62873-451-5.
- ISBN 978-1-4422-2111-6.
- ^ Nichi Vendola, the head of the leftist Left, Ecology, Freedom party was in third place with 14% of the vote - BBC
- ^ Nichi Vendola, the openly gay head of the left-wing Left, Ecology, Freedom party was in third place with 15%, while the remaining two candidates, Bruno Tabacci and Laura Puppato, trailed far behind - EurActiv
- ^ Members of Left, Ecology, Freedom – a leftwing opposition party – filed an urgent question in the Italian parliament on Thursday, calling on Angelino Alfano, Italy’s interior minister, to explain the deportations and to give assurances of the pair’s safety in view of Kazakhstan’s “disgraceful” human rights record - Financial Times
- ^ "Statuto – Sinistra Ecologia Libertà". Sinistra Ecologia Libertà. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
- ^ "Soli o a sinistra? Rissa all' assemblea dei Verdi". Archiviostorico.corriere.it. 2009-12-24. Retrieved 2010-12-14.
- ^ "Verdi, a sorpresa vince Angelo Bonelli | Terra - Quotidiano di informazione pulita". Terranews.it. Archived from the original on 2009-10-15. Retrieved 2010-12-14.
- ^ "il giornale di Legambiente - Bonelli presidente, il Sole si spacca". La Nuova Ecologia.it. Archived from the original on 2011-07-22. Retrieved 2010-12-14.
- ^ "I socialisti di Bobo Craxi: "Autonomi da tutti"". Archiviostorico.corriere.it. 2009-12-24. Retrieved 2010-12-14.
- ^ Gianni Del Vecchio. "Bobo Craxi - VIP - Europa". Europa. Archived from the original on 2011-07-22. Retrieved 2010-12-14.
- ^ "I socialisti oscurano il sito di Sinistra e Libertà La coalizione è in crisi e c'è rischio di scissione - Politica". Repubblica.it. 2009-11-13. Retrieved 2010-12-14.
- ^ "Il Documento Approvato All'Unanimita' Dalla Segreteria Nazionale - Partito Socialista - Primo Piano". Partitosocialista.it. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2010-12-14.
- ^ "SOCIALISMOeSINISTRA - Associazione Politica e di Promozione Sociale e Culturale". Socialismoesinistra.it. Archived from the original on 2015-10-20. Retrieved 2010-12-14.
- ^ "Vendola vara una nuova SEL". LeRagioni.it. Retrieved 2010-12-14.
- ^ "Vendola "battezza" il suo movimento Malumori nel Pd". La Gazzetta del Mezzogiorno.it. 2009-12-21. Retrieved 2010-12-14.
- ^ [1] Archived September 26, 2009, at archive.today
- ^ "::: Ministero dell'Interno ::: Archivio Storico delle Elezioni - Regionali del 28 Marzo 2010" (in Italian). Elezionistorico.interno.it. Retrieved 2010-12-14.
- ^ "Vendola: la sinistra deve ripartire dalla piazza Fiom". Archiviostorico.corriere.it. 2009-12-24. Retrieved 2010-12-14.
- ^ Ha vinto Bersani | Il Post. Ilpost.it (2012-12-02). Retrieved on 2013-08-24.
- ^ Vendola: primarie anche di Sel il 29 e 30, intesa con Bersani - Italia - l'Unità - notizie online lavoro, recensioni, cinema, musica Archived 2013-01-17 at the Wayback Machine. Unita.it (2008-09-20). Retrieved on 2013-08-24.
- ^ "Ultime Notizie Online - Agenzia Giornalistica Italia - AGI". Retrieved 9 June 2015.
- ^ Alexis Tsipras (25 January 2014). "La lettera di Tsipras a Vendola per il congresso di Sel". il manifesto. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
- ^ ""L'altra Europa con Tsipras", ecco il nome della lista - Europa Quotidiano". Europa Quotidiano. Archived from the original on 27 February 2014. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
- ^ "Effetto Pd su Sel Si dimette Migliore Scissione vicina". Retrieved 9 June 2015.
- ^ "Migliore, il groppo in gola "Affidiamoci a Matteo"". Retrieved 9 June 2015.
- ^ "Camera.it - XVII Legislatura - Deputati e Organi Parlamentari - Composizione gruppi Parlamentari". Retrieved 9 June 2015.
- ^ "Gli ex di Sel fondano Led, "Libertà e diritti", e si avvicinano al Pse - Europa Quotidiano". Europa Quotidiano. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
- ^ "I fuoriusciti di Sel danno vita a 'Libertà e diritti': "Non siamo un partito"". Adnkronos. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
- ^ Mario Lucio Genghini. "Ex Sel fondano Led. Gennaro Migliore: "Possiamo essere tante cose"". Polisblog.it. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
- ^ "Sel, anche il tesoriere Sergio Boccadutri lascia Nichi Vendola. E va verso il Pd". l'Espresso. 25 June 2014. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
- ^ "Nasce 'Sinistra italiana', nuovo gruppo di 31 deputati. Fassina: "Siamo alternativi al liberismo da Happy Days di Renzi" - Politica". ANSA.it. 2015-11-07. Retrieved 2015-12-01.
- ^ "Si chiamerà "Sinistra italiana": domani Sel e gli ex Pd battezzano il nuovo gruppo 'anti-Renzi'". Huffingtonpost.it. Retrieved 2015-12-01.
- ^ "Cosmopolitica, iniziata la costituente di Sinistra italiana". 19 February 2016.
- ^ "il manifesto". ilmanifesto.info.
- ^ "Cosmopolitica, la prima assemblea di Sinistra italiana: "Dal 2 al 4 dicembre il congresso fondativo"". 21 February 2016.
- ^ "senato.it - Senato della Repubblica senato.it - Variazioni nei Gruppi parlamentari". www.senato.it.
- ^ "Sel divisa tra svolta sovranista e Sinistra italiana: geografia di una guerra - Sardiniapost.it". 17 November 2015.
- ^ "il manifesto". ilmanifesto.info.
- ^ The role of spokesperson was renamed as president at the 2010 congress.