Leizhou Min

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Leizhou Min
Leizhounese
[lɔi˩ uɛ˨˦]
Pronunciation[lɔi˩ uɛ˨˦] (Lei city dialect)
Native toChina, Hong Kong and Macau, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, United States (California)
RegionLeizhou Peninsula in southwestern Guangdong
Native speakers
around 2.8 million in China (2004)[1]
Early forms
Dialects
Language codes
ISO 639-3(luh is proposed[5])
Glottologleiz1236
Linguasphere79-AAA-jj
  Leizhou Min
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Leizhou or Luichew Min (

Xiashan District. In the classification of Yuan Jiahua, it was included in the Southern Min group, though it has low intelligibility with other Southern Min varieties. In the classification of Li Rong, used by the Language Atlas of China, it was treated as a separate Min subgroup.[6] Hou Jingyi combined it with Hainanese in a Qiong–Lei group.[7]

Phonology

Leizhou Min has 17 initials, 47 rimes and 8 tones.

Initials

Bilabial Alveolar Velar Glottal
Nasal m
n

ŋ
Plosive
voiced b
voiceless
unaspirated
p
t

k
aspirated



Fricative
voiced z
尿
voiceless s
h
Affricate
voiceless
unaspirated
t͡s
aspirated
t͡sʰ
approximant
l

zero consonant zero consonant

The phoneme given here as /b/ is described by Li and Thompson instead as /v/.[8]

Rimes

i u
a ia ua
ɛ
ɔ 漿
ai uai
au iau
ɛu iu
ɔi ui
am iam
em im
ŋ̩
iaŋ uaŋ
ieŋ
ɔŋ iɔŋ
ap iap
ep ip
ik uk
ak iak uak
ek iek uek
ɔk iɔk

Tones

Leizhou has six tones, which are reduced to two in checked syllables.

Tone chart of the Leizhou dialect
Tone number Tone name Tone contour Description
1 yin ping (陰平) ˨˦ (24) rising
2 yin shang (陰上) ˦˨ (42) falling (high falling)
3 yin qu (陰去) ˨˩ (21) bottom (low falling)
4 yin ru (陰入) ˥̚ (5) high checked
5 yang ping (陽平) ˨ (2) low
6 yang shang (陽上) ˧ (3) mid
7 yang qu (陽去) ˥ (5) high
8 yang ru (陽入) ˩̚ (1) low checked

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Min is believed to have split from Old Chinese, rather than Middle Chinese like other varieties of Chinese.[2][3][4]

References

  1. ^ 湛江市志·第三十六篇 方言·第三章 雷州话
  2. JSTOR 2718766
  3. from the original on 2023-10-13. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
  4. ^ "Change Request Documentation: 2021-045". 31 August 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  5. .
  6. ^ Hou, Jingyi 侯精一 (2002). Xiàndài hànyǔ fāngyán gàilùn 现代汉语方言概论 [An Introduction to Modern Chinese Dialects]. Shanghai Educational Press 上海教育出版社. p. 238.
  7. ^ Li, Charles; Thompson, Sandra (1983). "A Grammatical description of Xuwen : A colloquial dialect of Lei-zhou Peninsula (Part I)". Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale. 13 (1): 3–21.

Further reading

External links