Leland Stanford
Leland Stanford | |
---|---|
Frederick Ferdinand Low | |
Personal details | |
Born | Amasa Leland Stanford March 9, 1824 Watervliet, New York, U.S. |
Died | June 21, 1893 Palo Alto, California, U.S. | (aged 69)
Political party | Republican (from 1856) |
Other political affiliations | Whig (until 1856) |
Spouse | |
Children | Leland Jr. |
Alma mater | Cazenovia Seminary |
Occupation |
|
Signature | |
Amasa Leland Stanford (March 9, 1824 – June 21, 1893) was an American attorney, industrialist, philanthropist, and Republican Party politician from California. He served as the 8th Governor of California from 1862 to 1863 and represented the state in the United States Senate from 1885 until his death in 1893. He and his wife Jane founded Stanford University, named after their late son.[1]
Stanford was a successful merchant and wholesaler who migrated to California during the
Early life and career
Leland Stanford was born in 1824 in what was then
Stanford's father was a farmer of some means. Stanford was raised on family farms in the Lisha Kill and Roessleville (after 1836) areas of Watervliet. The family home in Roessleville was called Elm Grove. The Elm Grove home was razed in the 1940s. Stanford attended the common school until 1836 and was tutored at home until 1839. He attended Clinton Liberal Institute, in Clinton, New York, and studied law at Cazenovia Seminary in Cazenovia, New York, in 1841 to 1845. In 1845, he entered the law office of Wheaton, Doolittle, and Hadley in Albany.[7]
After being admitted to the bar in 1848, Stanford moved with many other settlers to Port Washington, Wisconsin, where he began a law practice with Wesley Pierce.[8] His father presented him with a law library said to be the finest north of Milwaukee.[7] In 1850, Stanford was nominated by the Whig Party as Washington County, Wisconsin district attorney.
Businesses
In 1852, having lost his law library and other property to a fire, Stanford followed his five brothers to California during the
Central Pacific and Southern Pacific railroads
The Central Pacific's first locomotive, named Gov. Stanford in his honor, is preserved on static display at the California State Railroad Museum, in Sacramento.[9][10][11]
Stanford ran unsuccessfully for governor of California in 1859. He was nominated again in 1861 and won the election. Due to the Great Flood of 1862, he had to row to his inauguration in a rowboat.[12] He served one term, then limited to two years.
While the Central Pacific was under construction, Stanford and his associates in 1868 acquired control of the
The Stanfords retained ownership of their mansion in Sacramento, where their only son was born in 1868. Now the
Long-suffering from locomotor ataxia, Leland Stanford died of heart failure at home in Palo Alto, California, on June 21, 1893.[44] He was buried in the family mausoleum on the Stanford campus. Jane Stanford died in 1905 after being poisoned with strychnine.[13][14]
Legacy and honors
In 1862 California volunteer troops re-building a military post at the confluence of the San Pedro River and Aravaipa Creek in Arizona Territory named the post
In 2008, Stanford was inducted into
The Stanford Memorial Church on the university campus is dedicated to his memory.
Mount Stanford, located in California's Sierra Nevada, is named in his honor.[46]
Central Pacific locomotives named for Stanford[47][48] were
- Gov. Stanford, a 4-4-0 locomotive built in 1863 by the Norris Locomotive Works in Philadelphia and brought to San Francisco by sailing vessel. This engine is preserved at the California State Railroad Museum in Sacramento
- El Gobernador, a 4-10-0 locomotive built in the Central Pacific shops in Sacramento in 1884. Found to be disappointing in its performance as a freight hauler, it was scrapped in July 1894.
In fiction
Leland Stanford and Stanford University, fictionalized as Grover Linden and Linden University respectively, feature in Michael Nava, Lay Your Sleeping Head (2016), a mystery novel, the plot of which revolves in part around the fate of the Linden, i.e., Stanford, fortune.
See also
- List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)
- List of governors of California
References
- ISBN 978-1-57607-860-0– via Internet Archive.
- ^ a b Tuterow, Norman E. (2004). The governor: the life and legacy of Leland Stanford, a California colossus, Volume 2. Arthur H. Clark Co. p. 1146.
- ^ a b Carlisle, Rodney P., ed. (April 2009). Handbook to Life in America, Vol. 4. Facts on File. p. 8.
- ^ a b Cummings, Bruce (2009). Dominion from Sea to Sea: Pacific Ascendancy and American Power. Yale University Press. p. 672.
- ^ a b Lindsay, David (2005). Madness in the Making. Universe. p. 214.
- ^ a b Goethals, George R.; et al. (2004). Encyclopedia of Leadership, Vol. I. Sage Publications. p. 897.
- ^ a b c Dictionary of American Biography. Vol. XVII. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1935. p. 501.
- ^ "Port Washington Downtown Historic District". LandmarkHunter.com.
- ^ PMID 17813847.
- ^ Wheeler, Keith (1973). The Railroaders. New York: Time-Life Books. pp. 60–61.
- ISBN 0-930742-12-5.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 18, 2022.
- ^ a b c The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography. Vol. II (reprint ed.). New York: James T. White & Company. 1899 [1891]. p. 129.
- ^ PMID 17813847.
- ^ Loomis, Noel M. (1968). Wells Fargo. New York: Clarkson N. Potter, Inc. pp. 199–200.
- ^ Loomis 1968, pp. 215, 255, 270.
- ISBN 978-0-520-06224-5.
- PMID 17813847.
- ^ "ELECTIONEER". Harness Museum. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
- ^ "ARION". Harness Museum. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
- ^ "SUNOL". Harness Museum. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
- ^ "CHIMES". Harness Museum. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
- ^ "BEAUTIFUL BELLS". Harness Museum. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
- ^ Amory, Cleveland (1960). Who Killed Society?. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 430.
- ^ Wheeler 1973, p. 56.
- ISBN 9780300230697.
- ^ "California's little known genocide". July 11, 2023.
- . Retrieved February 8, 2022.
- ^ Asbury, Herbert (2008). The Barbary Coast. Basic Books. p. 143.
- ISBN 978-0252062261– via Internet Archive.
The presence of numbers of that degraded and distinct people would exercise a deleterious effect upon the superior race.
- ^ Asbury 2008, p. 145.
- New York Tribune. Special Collection 33a, Box 7, Folder 74, Stanford University Archives. PDF
- ^ Congressional Record, 49 Congress, 2 Sess.: 1804–1805; 51 Congress, 1 Sess.: 2068–2069, 5169–5170, 2 Sess.: 667–668; 52 Congress, 1 Sess.: 468–479, 2684–2686.
- ^ "The Land Loan Project: Senator Stanford Explains His New Money Scheme". The New York Times. March 31, 1892. (subscription required)
- OCLC 7456711– via worldcat.org.
- ^ "The Leland Stanford, Junior, University". Internet Archive. 1885. The Act of the Legislature of California. The Grant of Endowment. Address of Leland Stanford to the Trustees. Minutes of the First Meeting of Board of Trustees.
- ^ "Stanford Estate Worth Seven Millions". The Evening News. April 5, 1905. Archived from the original on July 31, 2023 – via Google News Archive Search.
- ^ Altenberg, Lee (Winter 1990). "Beyond Capitalism: Leland Stanford's Forgotten Vision". Sandstone and Tile. Vol. 14, no. 1. Stanford, California: Stanford Historical Society. pp. 8–20. Retrieved June 9, 2016.
- ^ "Jane Stanford: The woman behind Stanford University". Stanford University. Archived from the original on May 21, 2016. Retrieved June 14, 2016.
- ^ "Famous men members of Masonic Lodges". American Canadian Grand Lodge ACGL. Archived from the original on November 17, 2018.
- ISBN 978-1-887560-06-1.
- ^ "History, Mission and Values". Lucile Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford. Archived from the original on August 1, 2013.
- ^ "Jane L. Stanford: Timeline". Stanford University. Archived from the original on October 4, 2014.
- ^ "Leland Stanford". Kate Field's Washington. Vol. 7, no. 26. June 28, 1893. p. 403.
- ^ Dancis, Bruce (May 28, 2008). "New California Hall of Fame class includes Fonda, Nicholson". Sacramento Bee.
- ISBN 9780520266193, page 373.
- ^ Ambrose, Stephen E. (2000). Nothing Like It in the World. The Men Who Built the Transcontinental Railroad 1863–1869. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 115, 117.
- ^ Hollingsworth, Brian (1984). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of North American Locomotives. New York: Crescent Books. pp. 40–41.
- Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1900). . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.
- ISBN 978-0-393-06126-0.
- public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Leland Stanford Jr. University". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 406. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the