Lene Hau

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Lene Hau
Rowland Institute for Science
Doctoral studentsNaomi Ginsberg, Christopher Slowe, Zachary Dutton

Lene Vestergaard Hau (Danish: [ˈle̝ːnə ˈvestɐˌkɒˀ ˈhɑw]; born November 13, 1959) is a Danish physicist and educator. She is the Mallinckrodt Professor of Physics and of Applied Physics at Harvard University.[1]

In 1999, she led a Harvard University team who, by use of a

batteries, and photosynthesis. In addition to her own experiments and research, she is often invited to speak at international conferences, and is involved in structuring the science policies of various institutions. She was keynote speaker[5] at EliteForsk-konferencen 2013 ("Elite Research Conference") in Copenhagen, which was attended by government ministers, as well as senior science policy and research developers in Denmark.[6]

In acknowledgment of her many achievements,

Discover Magazine recognized her in 2002 as one of the 50 most important women in science.[7]

Early life, family and education

Hau was born in Vejle, Denmark.

Hau earned her bachelor's degree in mathematics in 1984 at the

University of Aarhus
in Denmark at the age of 24. Hau continued her studies there, receiving her master's degree in physics two years later.

For her doctoral studies in quantum theory, Hau worked on ideas similar to those involved in fibre optic cables carrying light, but her work involved strings of atoms in a silicon crystal carrying electrons. While working towards her doctorate, Hau spent seven months at CERN, the European Laboratory for Particle Physics near Geneva. She received her doctorate from the University of Aarhus in 1991 at the age of 32, but by this time her research interests had changed direction.

Career

In 1991 she joined the

nanoscale
applications.

Qubit transfer

Hau and her associates at Harvard University "have demonstrated exquisite control over light and matter in several experiments, but her experiment with 2 condensates is one of the most compelling".

College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, VA. Before this result, she says, light storage was measured in milliseconds. "Here it's fractional seconds. It's a really dramatic time."[13]

Of its potential, Hau said "While the matter is traveling between the two Bose–Einstein condensates, we can trap it, potentially for minutes, and reshape it – change it – in whatever way we want. This novel form of quantum control could also have applications in the developing fields of quantum information processing and quantum cryptography."

quantum computers," said Jeremy Bloxham, dean of science in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences.[15] Hau was awarded the George Ledlie Prize for this work, Harvard's Provost Steven Hyman noting "her work is path-breaking. Her research blurs the boundaries between basic and applied science, draws on the talent and people of two Schools and several departments, and provides a literally glowing example of how taking daring intellectual risks leads to profound rewards."[15]

Cold atoms and nanoscale systems

A captured atom is ripped apart as its electron is sucked into the nanotube

In 2009 Hau and team laser-cooled clouds of one million rubidium atoms to just a fraction of a degree above absolute zero. They then launched this millimeter-long atomic cloud towards a suspended carbon nanotube, located some two centimeters away and charged to hundreds of volts. The results were published in 2010, heralding new interactions between cold atoms and nanoscale systems.[16] They observed that most atoms passed by, but approximately 10 per million were inescapably attracted, causing them to dramatically accelerate both in movement and in temperature. "At this point, the speeding atoms separate into an electron and an ion rotating in parallel around the nanowire, completing each orbit in just a few trillionths of a second. The electron eventually gets sucked into the nanotube via quantum tunneling, causing its companion ion to shoot away – repelled by the strong charge of the 300-volt nanotube – at a speed of roughly 26 kilometers per second, or 59,000 miles per hour."[17] Atoms can rapidly disintegrate, without having to collide with each other in this experiment. The team is quick to note that this effect is not produced by gravity, as calculated in blackholes that exist in space, but by the high electrical charge in the nanotube. The experiment combines nanotechnology with cold atoms to demonstrate a new type of high-resolution, single-atom, chip-integrated detector that may ultimately be able to resolve fringes from the interference of matter waves. The scientists also foresee a range of single-atom, fundamental studies made possible by their setup.[18]

Awards

Publications

  • Lene Vestergaard Hau, Manipulating Light[43] Unit 7 of the Annenberg Foundation's "Physics for the 21st Century"
  • Anne Goodsell, Trygve Ristroph,
    J. A. Golovchenko, and Lene Vestergaard Hau, Field ionization of cold atoms near the wall of a single carbon nanotube[16]
    (2010)
  • Rui Zhang, Sean R. Garner, and Lene Vestergaard Hau, Creation of long-term coherent optical memory via controlled nonlinear interactions in Bose–Einstein condensates[44] (2009)
  • Naomi S. Ginsberg, Sean R. Garner, and Lene Vestergaard Hau, Coherent control of optical information with matter wave dynamics[45] (2007).
  • Naomi S. Ginsberg, Joachim Brand, Lene Vestergaard Hau, Observation of Hybrid Soliton Vortex-Ring Structures in Bose–Einstein Condensates[46] (2005).
  • Chien Liu, Zachary Dutton, Cyrus H. Behroozi, Lene Vestergaard Hau, Observation of coherent optical information storage in an atomic medium using halted light pulses[47]
  • Lene Vestergaard Hau, S. E. Harris, Zachary Dutton, Cyrus H. Behroozi, Light speed reduction to 17 metres per second in an ultracold atomic gas[48]

Further reading

  • Lene Vestergaard Hau, Quantum Optics: Slowing single photons[49]
  • Brian Murphy and Lene Vestergaard Hau, Electro-optical nanotraps for neutral atoms,[50]
  • Lene Vestergaard Hau, Optical information processing in Bose–Einstein condensates,[51]
  • Lene Vestergaard Hau, Quantum physics – Tangled memories,[52]
  • Lene Vestergaard Hau, Nonlinear optics: Shocking superfluids,[53]
  • Christopher Slowe, Laurent Vernac, Lene Vestergaard Hau, A High Flux Source of Cold Rubidium[54]
  • Christopher Slowe, Naomi S. Ginsberg, Trygve Ristroph, Anne Goodsell, and Lene Vestergaard Hau, Ultraslow Light & Bose–Einstein Condensates:Two-way Control with Coherent Light & Atom Fields [55]
  • Marin Soljacic, Elefterios Lidorikis, J. D. Joannopoulos, Lene Vestergaard Hau, Ultra Low-Power All-Optical Switching[56]
  • Trygve Ristroph, Anne Goodsell,
    J. A. Golovchenko, and Lene Vestergaard Hau, Detection and quantized conductance of neutral atoms near a charged carbon nanotube[57]
  • Zachary Dutton, Lene Vestergaard Hau, Storing and processing optical information with ultra-slow light in Bose–Einstein condensates[58]
  • Zachary Dutton, Naomi S. Ginsberg, Christopher Slowe, and Lene Vestergaard Hau, The Art of Taming Light: Ultra-slow and Stopped Light[59]
  • Lene Vestergaard Hau, Frozen Light [60]
  • Zachary Dutton, Michael Budde, Christopher Slowe, Lene Vestergaard Hau, Observation of quantum shock waves created with ultra-compressed slow light pulses in a Bose–Einstein Condensate[61]
  • Lene Vestergaard Hau, Taming Light with Cold Atoms[62] Invited feature article. Published by Institute for Physics, UK.
  • B. D. Busch, Chien Liu, Z. Dutton, C. H. Behroozi, L. Vestergaard Hau, Observation of interaction dynamics in finite-temperature Bose condensed atom clouds[63]
  • C. Liu, B.D. Busch, Z. Dutton, and L. V. Hau, Anisotropic Expansion of Finite Temperature Bose Gases – Emergence of Interaction Effects between Condensed and Non-Condensed Atoms,[64] Proceedings of the conference on New Directions in Atomic Physics, Cambridge, England, July 1998, eds. C. T. Whelan, R.M. Dreizler, J.H. Macek, and H.R.J Walters, (Plenum, 1999).
  • Lene Hau, BEC and Light Speeds of 38 miles/hr: Proceedings of the Workshop on Bose–Einstein Condensation and Degenerate Fermi Gases, from Workshop on Bose–Einstein Condensation and Degenerate Fermi Gases[65] Hau's talk: Podcast and image files.[66]
  • Lene Vestergaard Hau, B. D. Busch, Chien Liu,
    J. A. Golovchenko, Near Resonant Spatial Images of Confined Bose–Einstein Condensates in the 4-Dee Magnetic Bottle[67]
  • Lene Vestergaard Hau, B. D. Busch, Chien Liu, Michael M. Burns,
    J. A. Golovchenko, Cold Atoms and Creation of New States of Matter: Bose–Einstein Condensates, Kapitza States, and '2D Magnetic Hydrogen Atoms, (Photonic, Electronic and Atomic Collisions : Invited papers of the 20th International Conference of Electronic and Atomic Collisions (ICEAC) Vienna, Austria, July 23–29, 1997) F. Aumayr and H.P. Winter, editors[68]
  • Lene Vestergaard Hau,
    J. A. Golovchenko, and Michael M. Burns, Supersymmetry and the Binding of a Magnetic Atom to a Filamentary Current[69]
  • Lene Vestergaard Hau,
    J. A. Golovchenko, and Michael M. Burns, A new atomic beam source: The "candlestick" [70]
  • Lene Vestergaard Hau, Michael M. Burns, and
    J. A. Golovchenko, Bound states of guided matter waves: An atom and a charged wire [71]
  • "Absolute Zero and the Conquest of Cold"[72]
  • "Absolute Zero and the Conquest of Cold" Tom Schactman Pub Date: Dec. 1st, 1999 Publisher: Houghton Mifflin[73]

References

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  3. ^ "Coherent control of optical information with matter wave dynamics" (PDF). harvard.edu. Harvard University.
  4. ^ "Physics 129. Energy Science". registrar.fas.harvard.edu. FAS Registrar's Office, Harvard University. Archived from the original on 2015-02-26.
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  6. ^ jota. "Vi skal have flere med forsker-bacille i blodet — Uddannelses- og Forskningsministeriet". fivu.dk.
  7. ^ Svitil, Kathy (13 November 2002). "The 50 Most Important Women in Science". Discover. Retrieved 21 December 2014 – via discovermagazine.com.
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  14. ^ "Light Changed to Matter, Then Stopped and Moved".
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  34. ^ Light at Bicycle Speed ...and Slower Yet! Archived 2013-02-04 at the Wayback Machine
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  67. ^ Near-resonant spatial images of confined Bose–Einstein condensates in a 4-Dee magnetic bottle Archived 2014-07-14 at the Wayback Machine
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  70. ^ A new atomic beam source: The "candlestick" Archived 2013-02-23 at archive.today
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  73. ^ "Absolute Zero and the Conquest of Cold". www.goodreads.com.

External links