Lenin Peak disaster
UTC time | 1990-07-13 14:20:43 |
---|---|
ISC event | 362596 |
USGS-ANSS | ComCat |
Local date | July 13, 1990 |
Local time | 18:50:43 AFT |
Magnitude | Mw 6.4 [1] |
Depth | 216.8 km |
Epicenter | 36°22′19″N 70°44′17″E / 36.372°N 70.738°E |
Max. intensity | MMI IV (Light)[2] |
Casualties | 43 dead, 2 injured[3] |
The
Background
The ongoing continental collision between the
The earthquake on 13 July did not originate from within a shallow fault; rather it struck at a depth of 216.8 km beneath the surface; far too deep for a shallow crustal source. Where the earthquake occurred, is an "earthquake nest"; an area of high seismicity in a particularly small region. Large earthquakes with magnitudes of up to 7.5 have occurred in the same concentrated region with an average recurrence interval of 15 years. These earthquakes correspond to reverse faulting at a depth of 170 to 280 km.[4] These earthquakes rather than occurring at a plate boundary, are sourced from within the Indian Plate as it dives beneath the Hindu Kush. As the tectonic slab of the Indian Plate descends at a near-vertical angle into the mantle, it stretches and begins to "tear", eventually leading to a slab detachment.[5] This action results in stress accommodation along faults that produces earthquakes when ruptured.
Avalanche
At the time of the quake, 45
The earthquake caused light shaking, assigned IV on the
The disaster is the worst in the history of mountaineering, alongside the 2014 Nepal snowstorm disaster. The death toll from the incident surpassed that of another event in 1974. Only one body was recovered.[8] In 2008, the glacier ice began to melt, exposing human remains of the expedition.[6]
See also
- List of avalanches by death toll
- List of earthquakes in 1990
- List of earthquakes in Afghanistan
- List of earthquakes in Tajikistan
- List of earthquakes in Kyrgyzstan
References
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
- ^ International Seismological Centre. Event Bibliography. Thatcham, United Kingdom. [Event 362596].
- ^ a b "Significant Earthquake Information". ngdc.noaa.gov. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
- ISBN 9780120188468.
- PMID 33727553.
- ^ a b "Worst mountaineering disaster". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
- ^ "Avalanche kills 40 climbers on Soviet Peak". Moscow, Russia. The Washington Post. 17 July 1990. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
- ^ a b c Slade, Rob (7 August 2015). "Tragedies on the Mountain: Lenin Peak 1990". Wired for Adventure. Retrieved 14 October 2021.