Lenticel

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
silver birch bark are the lenticels.[1]

A lenticel is a porous tissue consisting of cells with large intercellular spaces in the

lens-like) shape.[3] The shape of lenticels is one of the characteristics used for tree identification.[4]

Evolution

Before there was much evidence for the existence and functionality of lenticels, the

suberized periderm or bark
in which the functions of the stomata are replaced by lenticels.

The extinct

leaf scars. The development and increase in the number of these primitive lenticels were key to providing a system that was open for aeration and gas exchange in these plants.[7]

Structure and development

In plant bodies that produce

periderm. The formation of lenticels seem to be directly related to the growth and strength of the shoot and on the hydrose of the tissue, which refers to the internal moisture.[9]
As stems and roots mature lenticel development continues in the new periderm (for example, periderm that forms at the bottom of cracks in the bark).

Lenticels are found as raised circular, oval, or elongated areas on stems and roots. In woody plants, lenticels commonly appear as rough, cork-like structures on young

cell walls.[10][11]

In oxygen deprived conditions, making

pedicels and act as a function of temperature. If they are blocked, hypoxia and successive ethanol accumulation may result and lead to cell death.[13]

Fruits

Lenticels on apples

Lenticels are also present on many fruits, quite noticeably on many apples and pears. On

European pears, they can serve as an indicator of when to pick the fruit, as light lenticels on the immature fruit darken and become brown and shallow from the formation of cork cells[14][15] Certain bacterial and fungal infections can penetrate fruits through their lenticels, with susceptibility sometimes increasing with its age.[16]

While the term lenticel is usually associated with the breakage of

suberized, like cork. The number of lenticels usually varies between the species of apples, where the range may be from 450 to 800 or from 1500 to 2500 in Winesap and Spitzenburg apples, respectively. This wide range may be due to the water availability during the early stages of development of each apple type.[17]

"Lenticel breakdown" is a global skin disorder of apples in which lenticels develop dark 1–8 mm diameter pits shortly after processing and packing.[18][19] It is most common on the 'Gala' (Malus × domestica) variety, particularly the 'Royal Gala', and also occurs in 'Fuji', 'Granny Smith', 'Golden Delicious', and 'Delicious' varieties.[18][19] It is more common in arid regions, and is thought to be related to relative humidity and temperature.[18][19] The effect can be mitigated by spraying the fruit with lipophilic coatings prior to harvest.[18]

Tubers

Lenticels are also present on potato tubers.[20]

Gallery

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "Lenticel". The American Heritage Science Dictionary, Houghton Mifflin Company, via dictionary.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-11
  2. ^ Gibson, Arthur C. "Bark Features in General Botany". Archived from the original on 2013-11-17. Retrieved 2012-08-19.
  3. ^ Esau, K. (1953), Plant Anatomy, John Wiley & Sons Inc. New York, Chapman & Hall Ltd. London
  4. ^ Michael G. Andreu; Erin M. Givens; Melissa H. Friedman what the. "How to Identify a Tree". University of Florida IFAS extension. Archived from the original on 2013-05-14. Retrieved 2013-03-07.
  5. PMID 28416704
    .
  6. S2CID 83645501
    .
  7. S2CID 83842497
    .
  8. PMID 16820395
    .
  9. JSTOR 2428084
    .
  10. JSTOR 3624744
    .
  11. ^ Tamjinda, Boonchai (1992). "Anatomy of Lenticels and The Occurrence of Their Discoloration in Mangoes" (PDF). Kasertsart J. 26 (Suppl 5): 57–64.
  12. S2CID 191198645
    .
  13. PMID 29415235
    .
  14. ^ Krewer, Gerard; Bertrand, Paul. "Home garden pears". CAES Publications. University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
  15. ^ Pyzner, John (19 April 2005). "Pick pears before completely ripe, advises LSU AgCenter horticulturist". Louisiana State University Agricultural Center website. Archived from the original on 15 January 2006.
  16. ^ Irtwange, S. V. (February, 2006.) "Application of modified atmosphere packaging and related technology in postharvest handling of fresh fruits and vegetables" Archived 2006-10-11 at the Wayback Machine. Agricultural Engineering International: the CIGR Ejournal. Invited Overview No. 4. Vol. VIII, page 8. Retrieved on 2007-10-11.
  17. S2CID 84144735
    .
  18. ^
    doi:10.21273/HORTTECH.18.4.690
    .
  19. ^
    ISSN 0304-4238
    .
  20. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1975.tb01582.x
    .

References
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lenticel&oldid=1170058353"