Leo Baeck

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Leo Baeck
Bust of Leo Baeck at the Wiener Holocaust Library
Personal
Born(1873-05-23)23 May 1873
Lissa, Province of Posen, German Empire
Died2 November 1956(1956-11-02) (aged 83)
London, England
ReligionJudaism
SpouseNatalie Hamburger
DenominationReform Judaism
SynagogueFasanenstrasse Synagogue
SemikhahHochschule für die Wissenschaft des Judentums

Leo Baeck (German pronunciation:

Second World War, he settled in London, in the United Kingdom, where he served as the chairman of the World Union for Progressive Judaism. In 1955, the Leo Baeck Institute for the study of the history and culture of German-speaking Jewry was established, and Baeck was its first international president. The Leo Baeck Medal has been awarded since 1978 to those who have helped preserve the spirit of German-speaking Jewry in culture, academia, politics, and philanthropy.[1]

Early years

Baeck was born in Lissa (Leszno) (then in the German Province of Posen, now in Poland), the son of Rabbi Samuel Baeck and his wife Eva (née Placzek). He began his education at the Jewish Theological Seminary of Breslau in 1894. He also studied philosophy in Berlin with Wilhelm Dilthey. He served as a rabbi in Oppeln (now Opole), Düsseldorf, and Berlin. He also taught at the Hochschule für die Wissenschaft des Judentums (Higher Institute for Jewish Studies).

In 1905 Baeck published The Essence of Judaism, in response to

German Imperial Army
.

Nazi persecution and deportation

Berlin-Schöneberg
, Germany

In 1933, after the

Theresienstadt concentration camp
.

Baeck became the "honorary head" of the Council of Elders (Judenrat) in Theresienstadt. As such, he was protected from transports and with his protection list, could also save his relatives from transports,[2] among others his grand-niece Ruth (b. 1925). Moreover, Baeck became "prominent", which meant that he had better accommodation, better food and could receive mail more often.[3]

Siegfried Lederer testified to Baeck about the death camp, but Baeck believed that revealing the truth to the Theresienstadt prisoners could cause "catastrophe".[5]

He gave lectures, was active in the interfaith dialogue between traditional Jews and Christians of Jewish origin, worked in the youth care sector, which he directed from November 1944 on, and was friendly with many of the

functionaries. After liberation, he headed the Council of Elders; the last Elder of the Jews was the Czech communist Jiří Vogel.[6] Baeck's lectures were credited with helping prisoners survive their confinement. Heinrich F. Liebrecht said Baeck's lectures helped him to discover wellsprings of strength and the conviction that his life had a purpose. "From here came the impulse to really endure, and the belief that we were able to do so."[7]

Up until his deportation, numerous American institutions offered to help him escape the war and immigrate to the United States.[citation needed] Baeck refused to abandon his community and declined the offers.[citation needed] Nevertheless, he managed to survive the Holocaust, though three of his sisters perished in the ghetto.[8]

Post-war life and work

After the war, Baeck relocated to London, where he accepted the Presidency of the

Hebrew Union College in the United States,[9] and eventually became Chairman of the World Union for Progressive Judaism. It was during this time he published his second major work, This People Israel, which he partially penned during his imprisonment by the Nazis. His increased interfaith work also meant that he revised and, to an extent, reclaimed for Judaism, the founding figures of Christianity, Jesus and Paul.[10]

He died on 2 November 1956, in London, England.

The International Leo Baeck Institute

In 1955, the Leo Baeck Institute for the study of the history and culture of German-speaking Jewry was established, and Baeck was the first international president of this institute. The Institute now includes branches around the world including the Leo Baeck Institute New York, and the Leo Baeck Institute London.

There are institutions named after Leo Baeck, on every inhabited continent, including the Leo Baeck Centre for Progressive Judaism in Melbourne, Australia.[11]

The

named in his honour, as is Leo Baeck College
, the Reform/Progressive rabbinical college in London.

See also

Bibliography

References

  1. ^ "Honors". Leo Baeck Institute. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  2. ISBN 978-3-89244-694-1
    ., p. 287
  3. ^ "Theresienstadt Lexikon – Prominente" (in German). ghetto-theresienstadt.de. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
  4. ^ Arendt, Hannah (1963). Eichmann in Jerusalem. Viking Press. pp. 118–119.
  5. OCLC 937213148. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help
    )
  6. ^
    ISBN 978-3-89244-694-1
    .
  7. ^ "Not To Hate..." Archived 7 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine The Times-Standard, Eureka, California (23 June 2009). Retrieved 19 October 2011
  8. ^ Friederike Feldmann, Rosa Mandl and Elise Stern
  9. ^ "Dr. Leo Baeck Arrives in U.S.; Reform Rabbis Oppose Government Aid to Religious Bodies". JTA. 26 October 1949. Retrieved 17 December 2015.
  10. ISBN 9780521517409
    .
  11. ^ "Leo Baeck Centre for Progressive Judaism". Retrieved 17 December 2015.

External links

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