Leon M. Lederman
Leon M. Lederman | |
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Doctoral advisor | Eugene T. Booth[1] |
Leon Max Lederman (July 15, 1922 – October 3, 2018) was an American experimental physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1988, along with Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger, for research on neutrinos. He also received the Wolf Prize in Physics in 1982, along with Martin Lewis Perl, for research on quarks and leptons. Lederman was director emeritus of Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) in Batavia, Illinois. He founded the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy, in Aurora, Illinois in 1986, where he was resident scholar emeritus from 2012 until his death in 2018.[3][4]
An accomplished scientific writer, he became known for his 1993 book The God Particle establishing the popularity of the term for the Higgs boson.
Early life and education
Lederman was born in New York City, New York, to Morris and Minna (Rosenberg) Lederman.
Lederman enlisted in the United States Army[8] during World War II, intending to become a physicist after his service.[9]: 17 Following his discharge in 1946, he enrolled at Columbia University's graduate school, receiving his Ph.D. in 1951.[10]
Academic career
Lederman became a faculty member at Columbia University, and he was promoted to full professor in 1958 as Eugene Higgins Professor of Physics.[9]: 796 In 1960, on leave from Columbia, he spent time at CERN in Geneva as a Ford Foundation Fellow.[11][12] He took an extended leave of absence from Columbia in 1979 to become director of Fermilab.[13] Resigning from Columbia (and retiring from Fermilab) in 1989, he then taught briefly at the University of Chicago.[14] He then moved to the physics department of the Illinois Institute of Technology, where he served as the Pritzker Professor of Science.[14] In 1992, Lederman served as president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.[15][16]
Lederman, rare for a Nobel Prize winning professor, took it upon himself to teach physics to non-physics majors at The University of Chicago.[17]
Lederman served as president of the board of sponsors of the
Lederman was an early supporter of Science Debate 2008, an initiative to get the then-candidates for president, Barack Obama and John McCain, to debate the nation's top science policy challenges.[21] In October 2010, Lederman participated in the USA Science and Engineering Festival's Lunch with a Laureate program where middle and high school students engaged in an informal conversation with a Nobel Prize-winning scientist over a brown-bag lunch.[22] Lederman was also a member of the USA Science and Engineering Festival's advisory board.[23]
Academic work
In 1956, Lederman worked on
In 1977, a group of physicists, the E288 experiment team, led by Lederman announced that a particle with a mass of about 6.0 GeV was being produced by the Fermilab particle accelerator.[25] After taking further data, the group discovered that this particle did not actually exist, and the "discovery" was named "Oops-Leon" as a pun on the original name and Lederman's first name.[26]
As the director of
In 1988, Lederman received the
Personal life
Lederman's best friend during his college years, Martin J. Klein, convinced him of "the splendors of physics during a long evening over many beers".[35] He was known for his sense of humor in the physics community.[9]: 17 On August 26, 2008, Lederman was video-recorded by a science focused organization called ScienCentral, on the street in a major U.S. city, answering questions from passersby.[36] He answered questions such as "What is the strong force?" and "What happened before the Big Bang?".[36]
He had three children with his first wife, Florence Gordon, and toward the end of his life lived with his second wife, Ellen (Carr), in Driggs, Idaho.[7][37]
Lederman was an
Honors and awards
- Election to the National Academy of Sciences, 1965.[42]
- National Medal of Science, 1965.[42]
- Election to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1970.[43]
- Elliott Cresson Prize of the Franklin Institute, 1976.[44]
- Wolf Prize in Physics, 1982.[42]
- Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement, 1982.[45]
- Nobel Prize in Physics, 1988.[42]
- Election to the American Philosophical Society, 1989.[43]
- Enrico Fermi Award of the United States Department of Energy, 1992.[42]
- Appointment as a Tetelman Fellow at Jonathan Edwards College, 1994.[43]
- Doctor of Humane Letters, DePaul University, 1995.[43]
- In Praise of Reason from the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSICOP), 1996.[46]
- Medallion, Division of Particles and Fields, Mexican Physical Society, 1999.[43]
- AAAS Philip Hauge Abelson Prize, 2000
- Vannevar Bush Prize, 2012.[47]
- Asteroid M.P.C. 82401).[49]
Publications
- The God Particle: If the Universe Is the Answer, What Is the Question? by Leon M. Lederman, ISBN 0-385-31211-3)
- From Quarks to the Cosmos by Leon Lederman and ISBN 0-7167-6012-6)[50]
- Portraits of Great American Scientists by Leon M. Lederman, et al. (ISBN 1-57392-932-8)
- Symmetry and the Beautiful Universe by Leon M. Lederman and ISBN 1-59102-242-8)[51]
- "What We'll Find Inside the Atom" by Leon Lederman, an essay he wrote for Newsweek, September 15, 2008[52]
- Quantum Physics for Poets by Leon M. Lederman and Christopher T. Hill (ISBN 978-1616142339)[53]
- Beyond the God Particle by Leon M. Lederman and Christopher T. Hill (
See also
References and notes
- ^ "Leon M. Lederman". Physics Tree.
- ISBN 978-1-4381-0807-0.
- ^ a b Lederman, Leon M. (1988). Frängsmyr, Tore; Ekspång, Gösta (eds.). "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1988: Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, Jack Steinberger". Nobel Lectures, Physics 1981–1990. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
- ^ "Fermilab History and Archives Project–Golden Books – An Eclectic Reader on Leon M. Lederman". history.fnal.gov. Fermilab. 2012. Archived from the original on 10 November 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
- ISBN 978-0-226-34625-0.
- ^ "Research Profile - Leon Max Lederman". www.mediatheque.lindau-nobel.org. 3 August 2022.
- ^ a b Lederman, Leon (1991). "Leon M. Lederman – Biographical". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2 October 2016.
- ^ American Academy of Achievement.
- ^ ISBN 9780618711680.
- ^ "A Short History of Columbia Physics". Department of Physics. Columbia University in the City of New York. 2016. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 2 October 2016.
- ISSN 0080-4606.
- S2CID 122283775.
- ^ "Fermilab History and Archives – Leon M. Lederman". FNAL.gov. Archived from the original on January 7, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2018.
- ^ a b "Leon Lederman, Nobel-winning physicist and 'visionary' educator, 1922–2018". University of Chicago. October 3, 2018.
- ^ "Leon M. Lederman". AIP.org. Retrieved October 3, 2018.
- ^ "AAAS Presidents".
- ^ "Physics for Poets excerpt in interview about The Nobel Prize in Physics 1988". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2020-02-11.
- ^ "Biography: Leon M. Lederman". The Bulletin.org. Retrieved October 3, 2018.
- ^ Horgan, John (April 16, 2006). "Rent-a-Genius". The New York Times.
- ^ a b Popkin, Gabriel (July 2009). ""Physics First" Battles for Acceptance". APS News. 18 (7). Retrieved 3 October 2016.
- ^ "Leon Lederman Interview" (PDF). The Science Network. Retrieved October 3, 2018.
- ^ "Lunch with a Laureate". USA Science & Engineering Festival. Archived from the original on 30 December 2010. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
- ^ "USA Science & Engineering Festival–Advisors". USA Science & Engineering Festival. 2016. Archived from the original on 2 October 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
- ^ Garwin, R. L.; Lederman, L. M.; Weinrich, M. (1957). "Observations of the Failure of Conservation of Parity and Charge Conjugation in Meson Decays: The Magnetic Moment of the Free Muon". .
- ^ a b c d e Johnson, George (2018-10-03). "Leon Lederman, 96, Explorer (and Explainer) of the Subatomic World, Dies". The New York Times.
- doi:10.1063/1.55114.
- ^ a b ASCHENBACH, JOY (1993-12-05). "No Resurrection in Sight for Moribund Super Collider : Science: Global financial partnerships could be the only way to salvage such a project. But some feel that Congress delivered a fatal blow". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
Disappointed American physicists are anxiously searching for a way to salvage some science from the ill-fated superconducting super collider ... "We have to keep the momentum and optimism and start thinking about international collaboration," said Leon M. Lederman, the Nobel Prize-winning physicist who was the architect of the super collider plan
- S2CID 118321614.
Lederman also planned what he saw as Fermilab's next machine, the Superconducting SuperCollider (SSC)
- ^ Abbott, Charles (20 June 1987). "Super competition for superconducting super collider". Illinois Issues. p. 18. Retrieved 1 Oct 2016.
Lederman, who considers himself an unofficial propagandist for the super collider, said the SSC could reverse the physics brain drain in which bright young physicists have left America to work in Europe and elsewhere.
- ^ Kevles, Dan. "Good-bye to the SSC" (PDF). California Institute of Technology "Engineering & Science". 58 no. 2 (Winter 1995): 16–25. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
Lederman, one of the principal spokesmen for the SSC, was an accomplished high-energy experimentalist who had made Nobel Prize-winning contributions to the development of the Standard Model during the 1960s (although the prize itself did not come until 1988). He was a fixture at congressional hearings on the collider, an unbridled advocate of its merits []
- ^ "University obituaries". The University of Chicago Magazine. Retrieved 2020-02-11.
- ISBN 9780191622359.
The possibility that the next big machine would create the Higgs became a carrot to dangle in front of funding agencies and politicians. A prominent American physicist, Leon lederman, advertised the Higgs as The God Particle in the title of a book published in 1993 ...Lederman was involved in a campaign to persuade the US government to continue funding the Superconducting Super Collider... the ink was not dry on Lederman's book before the US Congress decided to write off the billions of dollars already spent
- S2CID 119451328.
- ^ "Making History Awards, 1995–2015 Honorees" (PDF). Chicago History Museum. 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 June 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2 October 2016.
- ^ a b Carroll, Sean (26 August 2008). "Street Corner Science with Leon Lederman". Discover. Archived from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 17 April 2009.
- ^ "Leon Lederman in Driggs, ID". 411. 2 October 2016. Retrieved 2 October 2012.
- ISBN 9781559707336.
"Physics isn't a religion. If it were, we'd have a much easier time raising money." - Leon Lederman
- ^ Gogineni, Babu (July 10, 2012). "It's the Atheist Particle, actually". Rationalist Humans. Postnoon News. Retrieved 2 October 2016.
Leon Lederman is himself an atheist and he regrets the term, and Peter Higgs who is an atheist too, has expressed his displeasure, but the damage has been done!
- ^ Kliff, Sarah (2018-10-04). "A Nobel Prize-winning physicist sold his medal for $765,000 to pay medical bills". Vox. Retrieved 2019-04-18.
- ^ "IMSA Announces Passing of Founder, Dr. Leon Lederman". Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy. 2018-10-03. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
- ^ a b c d e "Leon M. Lederman Career, Discoveries and Awards". Fermilab.gov. Retrieved October 3, 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f "Leon M. Lederman Honorary Degrees and Awards". Fermlab.gov. Archived from the original on November 10, 2016. Retrieved October 3, 2018.
- ^ "Franklin Laureate database". The Franklin Institute Awards. 2012. Archived from the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2016.
- American Academy of Achievement.
- ^ Flynn, Tom (September 1996). "World Skeptics Congress Draws Over 1200 Participants". Skeptical Inquirer. CSICOP. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
- ^ "Fermilab History and Archives–Leon M. Lederman Honorary Degrees and Awards". history.fnal.gov. Fermilab. 2012. Archived from the original on November 10, 2016. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 85185 Lederman (1991 LM3)". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
- ^ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
- .
- .
- ^ "Large Hadron Collider May Explain Atom's Mysteries". Newsweek. 2008-09-05. Archived from the original on 16 March 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
- ^ "Review of Quantum Physics for Poets by Leon M. Lederman and Christopher T. Hill". Publishers Weekly. February 7, 2011.
- ISBN 9781616148010. Retrieved 2019-02-26.
- S2CID 120080979.
- ^ "Review of Beyond the God Particle by Leon M. Lederman and Christopher T. Hill". Kirkus Reviews. 2013.
- ^ "Review of Beyond the God Particle by Leon M. Lederman and Christopher T. Hill". Publishers Weekly. July 22, 2013.
External links
- Media related to Leon M. Lederman at Wikimedia Commons
- Education, Politics, Einstein and Charm The Science Network interview with Leon Lederman
- Fermilab's Leon M. Lederman webpage
- Leon M. Lederman on Nobelprize.org
- Video Interview with Lederman from the Nobel Foundation
- Timeline of Nobel Prize Winners in Physics webpage for Leon Max Lederman
- Story of Leon by Leon Lederman
- Honeywell – Nobel Interactive Studio
- 1976 Cresson Medal recipient from The Franklin Institute
- Honoring Leon Lederman at APS April 2019
- The Singing Janitor – Leon Lederman on YouTube
- Leon M. Lederman on INSPIRE-HEP
- Finding Aid to the Leon M. Lederman Papers at Fermilab