Leonard Darwin

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Leonard Darwin in April 1916

Leonard Darwin

FRGS (15 January 1850 – 26 March 1943) was an English politician, economist and eugenicist. He was a son of the naturalist Charles Darwin, and also a mentor to Ronald Fisher
, a statistician and evolutionary biologist.

Biography

Leonard Darwin was born in 1850 at

Frank, George and Horace were all elected Fellows of the Royal Society
. He was sent to Clapham School in 1862.

Darwin joined the Royal Engineers in 1871.[1] Between 1877 and 1882 he worked for the Intelligence Division of the Ministry of War. He went on several scientific expeditions, including those to observe the Transit of Venus in 1874 and 1882.

In 1890, Darwin was promoted to the rank of major, but soon left the army and from 1892 to 1895 was a

Liberal Unionist Member of Parliament (MP) for Lichfield constituency in Staffordshire,[2] where his grandfather, Josiah Wedgwood II, had also been an MP. He wrote vigorously on the economic issues of the day: bimetallism, Indian currency reform
and municipal trade.

Darwin married Elizabeth Frances Fraser on 11 July 1882. She died 16 years later, on 13 January 1898. On 29 November 1900, he married his second cousin, Charlotte Mildred Massingberd, granddaughter of Charlotte Wedgwood, his mother's sister. Their shared ancestor was Josiah Wedgwood II. His wife Charlotte's paternal grandfather married his paternal aunt, after her grandmother Charlotte's death. Since Leonard's parents were cousins, Charlotte was also a second cousin on his father's side. Leonard had no children from either marriage.

He was president of the

British Eugenics Society from 1911 to 1928 – succeeding his half-cousin once removed Francis Galton. He became the society's honorary president in 1928. In 1912 the University of Cambridge conferred on him an honorary doctorate of science.[3]

Darwin played an important part in the life of the geneticist and statistician Ronald Fisher, supporting him intellectually, morally and sometimes financially. Fisher, replying to Darwin's congratulations on his election to the Royal Society, replied on 25 February 1929, "I knew you would be glad, and your pleasure is as good to me almost as though my own father were still living."[4]

Some years before, Fisher had resigned from the Royal Statistical Society after a disagreement. Darwin regretted this and engineered Fisher's re-entry by making him a gift of a life-time subscription. Fisher's 1930 book The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection is dedicated to Darwin. After Darwin's death in 1943 at the age of 93, Fisher wrote to Darwin's niece, Margaret Keynes, "My very dear friend Leonard Darwin... was surely the kindest and wisest man I ever knew."[5]

Darwin retired to Cripps Corner at Forest Row, East Sussex in 1921, with his second wife Charlotte Mildred Massingberd (died 1940), and lived there until his death in 1943.[1] He and Charlotte were buried at Forest Row Cemetery. Leonard Darwin was the last surviving child of Charles Darwin.

Publications

Wikisource has original text related to this article:
  • The Need for Eugenic Reform. London: Murray. 1926.
  • What is Eugenics. London: Watts & Co. 1928.

References

  1. ^
    PMID 29140507
    .
  2. ^ "Mr Leonard Darwin, former MP, Lichfield". TheyWorkForYou. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  3. JSTOR 1789678
    .
  4. ISBN 978-0-471-09300-8
    .
  5. ISBN 978-0-19-930944-3
    .

Bibliography

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Leonard Darwin.
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