Leonid Plyushch
Leonid Ivanovych Plyushch | |
---|---|
Леонід Іванович Плющ | |
Order For Courage (1987)Antonovych prize |
Leonid Ivanovych Plyushch (
Although he was employed to work on Soviet space missions, he became disillusioned with some aspects of the Soviet Union, and started to protest, by sending letters to multiple entities and signing petitions and declarations. These activities led to his interrogation and, in 1972, eventual arrest and imprisonment by the Soviet authorities, where he was injected with drugs and mistreated. He was put on trial in secret, closed to public scrutiny, by the Soviet authorities. Eventually, in 1976, he was able to leave the Soviet Union, and later settled in France, after which he became involved in trying to promote human rights.
In 1979, with the help of his wife, he wrote a book describing how he and other dissidents were placed in psychiatric facilities. Throughout his later years, he supported anti-totalitarian publications.
Early life and career
Leonid Plyushch was born into a working-class family in 1938 in Naryn, Kirghizia. His father worked as railway foreman, and died on the front in 1941. Leonid's childhood was marked by tuberculosis of the bone, which he contracted at the age of 8.[2][3]
Plyushch graduated from
Dissident activities
Plyushch became a
Trial and imprisonment
He was arrested in January 1972 on charges of anti-Soviet activity, and was jailed for a year before his trial began. During his trial, the court sat
While he was imprisoned, he corresponded with Tatiana Khodorovich.[13] Plyushch's letters to her later formed the basis of the book The Case of Leonid Plyushch, first published in Russian in 1974 by an Amsterdam publisher, and translated into English two years later, which received attention in medical ethics journals.[9][14] His imprisonment triggered international protests, including a letter by 650 American mathematicians addressed to the Soviet embassy.[10] Henri Cartan brought the case to the attention of the participants to the 1974 International Congress of Mathematicians, which was held in Vancouver.[15]: 788 Amnesty International sponsored an International Day for Plyushch in April 1975,[13] and Andrei Sakharov also pleaded on his behalf.[16]
Freedom and later life
Eventually he was allowed to leave the Soviet Union together with his family in 1976.[13] His arrival in the West increased the friction between Western and Soviet psychiatrists leading eventually to a condemnation of Soviet practices by the World Psychiatric Association at the Sixth World Congress of Psychiatry.[17][18] At a press conference in Paris, Plyushch gave a memorable account of the effects of his detention and medications:[19]
I noted with horror the daily progression of my degradation. I lost interest in politics, then in scientific problems, finally in my wife and children. My speech became blurred; my memory worsened. In the beginning, I reacted strongly to the sufferings of other patients. Eventually I became indifferent. My only thoughts were of toilets, tobacco and the bribes to the male nurses to let me go to the toilet one more time. Then I began to experience a new thought: 'I must remember everything I see here, I told myself, so that I can tell about it afterwards.'
Plyushch became a member of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group in 1977, promoting human rights in his native Ukraine.[20]
On 23 July 1978, Plyushch visited Ukrainians in
In 1979, with the contribution of his wife, Plyushch published his book History's Carnival: A Dissident's Autobiography in which he described how he and other dissidents were committed to psychiatric hospitals.
Later in life, although he retained communist convictions,
In 2006, he translated the book Talking with angels (originally Dialogues avec l'ange,
with his wife Tatiana.Plyushch died 4 June 2015 in Bessèges,[1] France.[28][29] His death was reported by a friend and fellow ex-Soviet dissident, Arina Ginzburg.[30]
References
- ^ a b "Lettre ouverte de Tatiana Pliouchtch" [Open letter from Tatiana Pliouchtch]. Blog Mediapart. 16 June 2015. Retrieved 2 August 2015.
- ^ Plyushch L., (1979) pp. 3-4
- ISBN 978-0-415-12290-0.
- ^ Plyushch L., (1979) pp. 31–37
- ^ Khodorovich T. (1976), p. xv
- ^ Yakobson, Anatoly; Yakir, Pyotr; Khodorovich, Tatyana; Podyapolskiy, Gregory; Maltsev, Yuri; et al. (21 August 1969). "An Appeal to The UN Committee for Human Rights". The New York Review of Books.
- Radio Free EuropeResearch material, 1973-1-31
- ^ Khodorovich T. (1976), p. 5
- ^ PMC 1154526.
- ^ PMID 17799035.
- ISBN 978-0-306-44156-1.
- ^ "Helsinki pact said abused". The Spokesman-Review. 28 November 1976. p. A11.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-415-33186-9.
- PMID 691016.
- ^ "Interview with Henri Cartan" (PDF). Notices of the American Mathematical Society. 46 (7): 782–788. August 1999.
- ^ "Sakharov in appeal on detained Russian". The New York Times. 20 February 1974.
- ^ "Behavior: censuring the Soviets". Time. 12 September 1977.
- PMID 11661550.
- ^ "Soviet Union: the psukhushka horror". Time. 16 February 1976.
- ^ "Украинский диссидент Леонид Плющ умер сегодня во Франции" [Ukrainian dissident Leonid Plyushch died today in France] (in Russian). RBC Ukraine. 4 June 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
- ^ "Plyushch visits Ukrainians in Australia, addresses Parliament" (PDF). The Ukrainian Weekly. Vol. LXXXV, no. 165. 23 July 1978. p. 4.
- ^ Плющ, Леонид (1979). На карнавале истории [The carnival stories] (in Russian). London: Overseas Publications Interchange.
- ISBN 978-0-00-262116-8.
- .
- ^ Milosz, Czeslaw; Sontag, Susan; Domenach, Jean-Marie; Barańczak, Stanisław; Arrabal, Fernando; et al. (13 May 1982). "Help Save "Que Me"". The New York Review of Books.
- ^ Диалоги с ангелом, Fact Publishers, Kyiv, 2006
- ^ Діалоги з Янголом, Fact publishers, Kyiv, 2006
- ^ "Помер правозахисник, дисидент Леонід Плющ" [Human rights activist, dissident Leonid Plyushch died] (in Ukrainian). RFE/RL. 4 June 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
- ^ "Famous Soviet dissident Leonid Plyushch dies aged 77". Ukraine Today. 4 June 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
- ^ "Prominent Soviet dissident Leonid Plyushch dies". Business Insider. 4 June 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
Bibliography
Books
- Plyushch, Leonid; Mikhaylov, Mikhaylo; Belotserkovsky, Vadim; Elberfeld, Yan; Andreev, Herman; Vishnevskaya, Yuliya; Yanov, Alexander; Levitin-Krasnov, Anatoly; Etkind, Efim; Kushev, Yevgeny (1976). СССР. Демократические альтернативы: сборник статей и документов [USSR. Democratic alternatives: a collection of articles and documents] (in Russian). Achberg. OCLC 3953394.
- Pljušč, Leonid; Michajlov, Michailo; Belocerkovskij, Vadim; Andreev, German; Elberfeld, Jan; Janov, Aleksandr; Levitin-Krasnov, Anatolij; Etkind, Jefim; Kušev, Jevgenij (1977). UdSSR. Alternativen der demokratischen Opposition. Sammelband [USSR. Alternatives of democratic opposition. Collection] (in German). Achberg. ISBN 978-3881030854.
- Pliouchtch, Léonide; Biélotserkovsky, Vadim; Mikhaïlov, Mikhaïlo; Andreev, Herman; Lévitine-Krasnov, Anatoli; Yanov, Alexandre; Elberfeld, Yan; Etkind, Yéfime; Vichnevskaia, Youlia; Kouchev, Evguéni (1978). U.R.S.S.: alternatives démocratiques [U.S.S.R.: democratic alternatives] (in French). Paris: Savelli. ISBN 978-2859300258.
- Plyushch, Leonid; Khodorovich, Tatyana (1979). History's carnival: a dissident's autobiography. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. ISBN 978-0151416141.
- Плющ, Леонід (1986). Екзод Тараса Шевченка. Навколо "Москалевої криниці" [Taras Shevchenko's exodus. By "The Muscovite Well"] (in Ukrainian). Edmonton: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies. ISBN 9780920862490.
- Pliouchtch, Léonide (1991). Réponse à Alexandre Soljénitsyne [Response to Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn] (in French). La Tour-d'Aigues: Éditions de l'Aube. ISBN 978-2876780644.
- Pliouchtch, Léonide (1993). Ukraine, à nous l'Europe! [Ukraine, our Europe!] (in French). Monaco: Éditions du Rocher. ISBN 978-2268014128.
- Плющ, Леонід (2006). Його таємниця, або, "Прекрасна ложа" Хвильового [His secret, or Khvylovy's "Beautifil Bed"] (in Ukrainian). Kyiv: Факт. ISBN 9789663591346.
Articles and interviews
- Plyushch, Leonid (15 April 1976). "A message to all British nurses and to their professional organisations and trade unions from Leonid Plyushch". Nursing Mirror and Midwives Journal. 142 (16): 47–48. PMID 1046216.
- Bukovsky, Vladimir; Plyushch, Leonid (17 February 1977). "An appeal for Vasyl Fedorenko". The New York Review of Books.
- Alexeyeva, Lyudmila; Bukovsky, Vladimir; Amalrik, Andrei; Voikhanskaya, Marina; Plyushch, Leonid; Elina, Emilia; Voronina, Lidia; Bresenden, Yevgeniy (November 1977). "The Orlov tribunal". S2CID 143045934.
- Plyushch, Leonid (August 1978). "Liberty in the Soviet Union". Quadrant. 22 (8): 4–11.
- Pliouchtch, Léonide (1987). "Les limites de la glasnost" [The limits of glasnost] (PDF, immediate download). Lignes (in French). 1 (1): 44–62. from the original on 25 May 2016.
- Pljusc, Leonid (18 October 1987). "II dissidente sovietico parla del "nuovo corso". L'Urss vista da Leonid Pljusc. Tra speranze e contraddizioni" [The Soviet dissident speaks of "a new course." The USSR seen by Leonid Plyushch. Between hopes and contradictions] (PDF). Bresciaoggi (in Italian). Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 April 2016.
- Pljusc, Leonid (25 April 1989). "Pljusc, dall l'URSS al PSDI" [Plyushch, from the USSR to PSDI]. la Repubblica (in Italian).
Further reading
- Clarity, James (4 February 1976). "A freed dissident says Soviet doctors sought to break his political beliefs". New York Times.
- Himka, John-Paul (Fall 1980). "Leonid Plyushch: the Ukrainian Marxist resurgent". Journal of Ukrainian Studies. 5 (2): 61.
- Khodorovich, Tatiana (1976). The Case of Leonid Plyushch. Boulder: Westview Press. p. 152. ISBN 978-0-89158-600-5.
- Nivat, Georges; Kravetz, Marc (1977). URSS: gli scrittori del dissenso: Bukowsky, Calamov, Daniel, Guinzburg, Pliusc, Solgeniztin [USSR: writers of dissent: Bukovsky, Shalamov, Daniel, Ginzburg, Plyushch, Solzhenitsyn] (in Italian). Venezia: La Biennale di Venezia. OCLC 797904993.
- Rich, Vera (20 September 1974). "Vancouver boycott supports Plyushch". doi:10.1038/251180a0.
- Rich, Vera (19 February 1976). "USSR: Plyushch says protest". doi:10.1038/259520a0.
External links
- PLYUSHCH, Leonid Ivanovych Archived 2012-04-04 at the Wayback Machine at the Dissident Movement in Ukraine Virtual Museum
Audiovisual material
- Лекція Оксани Забужко та Леоніда Плюща – Як кожен може боротися з тоталітарною пропагандою, частина 1 (The lecture by Oksana Zabuzhko and Leonid Plyushch – How anyone can fight totalitarian propaganga, part 1, 119 min, in Ukrainian) on YouTube
- Лекція Оксани Забужко та Леоніда Плюща – Як кожен може боротися з тоталітарною пропагандою, частина 2 (The lecture by Oksana Zabuzhko and Leonid Plyushch – How anyone can fight totalitarian propaganga, part 2, 31 min, in Ukrainian) on YouTube