Lesser yellowlegs
Lesser yellowlegs | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Charadriiformes |
Family: | Scolopacidae |
Genus: | Tringa |
Species: | T. flavipes
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Binomial name | |
Tringa flavipes (Gmelin, JF, 1789)
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Breeding Migration Nonbreeding
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Synonyms | |
Totanus flavipes |
The lesser yellowlegs (Tringa flavipes) is a medium-sized
Taxonomy
The lesser yellowlegs was
Description
The lesser yellowlegs is a medium-large shorebird, 23–25 cm (9.1–9.8 in) in overall length and with a wingspan of 59–64 cm (23–25 in) and a weight of 67–94 g (2.4–3.3 oz). The sexes are similar both in plumage and in overall size. In breeding plumage, the upperparts are mottled with gray-brown, black and white. The underparts are white with irregular brown streaking on the breast and neck. In non-breeding plumage, the upperparts are more uniform gray-brown.[8] The legs are yellow. Compared to the greater yellowlegs, the bill is shorter (visually about the same length as the head), slim, straight, and uniformly dark. The breast is streaked and the flanks are finely marked with short bars.[9]
This species is similar in appearance to the larger greater yellowlegs, although it is more closely related to the much larger willet;[10] the fine, clear, and dense pattern of the neck shown in breeding plumage indicates these species' actual relationships.
The call of this bird is softer than that of the greater yellowlegs.
Distribution and habitat
They migrate to the Gulf coast of the United States, the Caribbean, and south to South America. This species is a regular vagrant to western Europe; in Great Britain about five birds arrive each year, mostly between August and October,[11] with the occasional individual overwintering. Their breeding habitat is clearings near ponds in the boreal forest region from Alaska to Quebec.
Behavior and ecology
Breeding
The nest is a depression on dry mossy ground and is usually well hidden. The clutch is normally four eggs. These are buff or gray-brown and are covered in spots of various shades of brown. On average they measure 42 mm × 29 mm (1.7 in × 1.1 in). They are incubated for 22-23 days by both sexes. Both parents brood and care for the precocial young which leave the nest a few hours after hatching. They can feed themselves on departure from the nest. They fly at 23 to 31 days.[8]
Food and feeding
Lesser yellowlegs forage in shallow water, sometimes using their bill to stir up the water. They mainly eat insects (such as flies, beetles, water boatmen, and mayflies),[12] small fish, crustaceans, aquatic worms, molluscs (such as snails), spiders, and seeds.[13][14]
References
- . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ Gmelin, Johann Friedrich (1789). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 2 (13th ed.). Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Georg. Emanuel. Beer. p. 659.
- ^ Latham, John (1785). A General Synopsis of Birds. Vol. 3, Part 1. London: Printed for Leigh and Sotheby. p. 152-153, No. 24.
- ^ Pennant, Thomas (1785). Arctic Zoology. Vol. 2. London: Printed by Henry Hughs. p. 468, No. 378.
- ^ Linnaeus, Carl (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 148.
- ^ Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2022). "Sandpipers, snipes, coursers". IOC World Bird List Version 12.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
- ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ^ S2CID 216475862. Retrieved 25 September 2020.
- ISBN 0-87044-692-4.
- S2CID 86221767.
- ^ "Leser Yellowlegs (species profile)" at the Natural Lizard website (retrieved 5 April 2019)
- ^ "Tringa flavipes (Lesser yellowlegs)". Animal Diversity Web.
- ^ https://sta.uwi.edu/fst/lifesciences/sites/default/files/lifesciences/documents/ogatt/Tringa_flavipes%20-%20Lesser%20Yellowlegs.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ "Tringa flavipes (Lesser yellowlegs)". Animal Diversity Web.
External links
- Lesser yellowlegs species account - Cornell Lab of Ornithology
- Lesser yellowlegs - Tringa flavipes - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
- "Tringa flavipes". Avibase.
- "Lesser yellowlegs media". Internet Bird Collection.
- Lesser yellowlegs photo gallery at VIREO (Drexel University)
- Interactive range map of Tringa flavipes at IUCN Red List maps