Leukocyte adhesion deficiency-1
| Leukocyte adhesion deficiency-1 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Autosomal recessive is how this condition is inherited |
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency-1 (LAD1) is a rare and often fatal genetic disorder in humans.
Signs and symptoms
The main sign of the disease is life-threatening, recurrent
viral infections or cancer. Such patients have fever as the manifestation of infection, inflammatory responses are indolent.[citation needed
]
Mechanism
LAD1 is caused by mutations in the ITGB2 gene which are
white blood cells,[1] including lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1), complement receptor 3 (CR-3), and complement receptor 4 (CR-4). The deficiency of LFA-1 causes neutrophils to be unable to adhere to and migrate out of blood vessels, so their counts can be high. It also impairs immune cell interaction, immune recognition, and cell-killing lymphocyte functions. The lack of CR3 interferes with chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and respiratory burst
Diagnosis
monoclonal antibodies
is used to screen for deficiencies of CD18.
Treatment
Because the CD18 gene has been cloned and sequenced, this disorder is a potential candidate for gene therapy.[2]
Epidemiology
As of 2010[update], LAD1 has been observed in several hundred children worldwide.[3]
See also
References
- ^ Etzioni A, Harlan JM. Cell adhesion and leukocyte adhesion defects. In: Ochs HD, Smith CIE, Puck JM, eds. Primary immunodeficiency diseases: a molecular and genetic approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007:550–564.
- ^ Candotti F, Fischer A. Gene therapy. In: Ochs HD, Smith CIE, Puck JM, eds. Primary immunodeficiency diseases: a molecular and genetic approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007:688–705.
- S2CID 3068072.