Latin Church in the Middle East
Latin Church in the Middle East | |
---|---|
Countries and regions | Cyprus Israel Jordan Lebanon Syria Turkey (Hatay Province) |
Demonym | Latin Catholics, Levantines |
Languages | |
Time Zones | UTC+02:00 (EET) ( Cyprus) |
Largest cities |
The
Depending on the specific area in question, due to their cultural heritage descending from Catholics who lived under the
A distinctive era of influence occurred during the
History
Levantines were mostly of
The majority are either the descendants of traders from the
Levant
When the
Today, a small percentage of Lebanon's small group of Latin Catholics are of at least partial French/Italian descent.[1][2]
Cyprus
The Catholic community of
Turkey
About 35,000 Levantines live in Turkey.[4]
The name Italo-Levantine is specifically applied to people of
The majority of the Levantines in modern Turkey are the descendants of traders/colonists from the Italian maritime republics of the Mediterranean (especially Genoa and Venice) and France, who obtained special rights and privileges called the Capitulations from the Ottoman sultans in the 16th century.[5]
There are two large communities of Italian Levantines: one in Istanbul and the other in İzmir. At the end of the 19th century there were nearly 6,000 Levantines of Italian roots in İzmir.[6] They came mainly from the nearby Genoese island of Chios in the Aegean Sea.[7]
The community had more than 15,000 members during Atatürk's presidency in the 1920s and 1930s, but today is reduced to only a few hundreds, according to Italian Levantine writer Giovanni Scognamillo.[8]
They continue to live in Istanbul (mostly in the districts of Karaköy, Beyoğlu and Nişantaşı), and İzmir (mostly in the districts of Karşıyaka, Bornova and Buca.)
The largest Catholic church in Turkey is the Church of St. Anthony of Padua on İstiklal Avenue in the Beyoğlu (Pera) district of Istanbul, which was constructed between 1906 and 1912 by the Italian Levantine community.
They have been influential in creating and reviving a tradition of
Notable people
Notable people of the Italian Levantine community in Turkey include:
- Sir Alfred Biliotti, who joined the British foreign service and eventually rose to become one of its most distinguished consular officers in the late 19th century. Biliotti was also an accomplished archaeologist who conducted important excavations at sites in the Aegean and Anatolia.
- Livio Missir di Lusignano. Historian. His masterpiece is Les anciennes familles italiennes de Turquie.
- Giuseppe Donizetti, musicist. He was Instructor General of the Imperial Ottoman Music at the court of Sultan Mahmud II.[10]
- Giovanni Scognamillo, writer. He composed "Memorie di Beyoğlu di un Levantino" in 1989.[11]
See also
- Latin Empire of Constantinople
- Catholic Church in the Middle East
- Italian Lebanese
- French Lebanese
- Embriaco family
- House of Lusignan
- House of Camondo
- Enrico Dandolo
- Gattilusi
- Bailo
- Bailo of Constantinople
- Andrea Gritti
- Alvise Gritti
- Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha
- Cağaloğlu
- Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha
- Alexander Vallaury
- Raimondo Tommaso D'Aronco
References
- ^ "Gale Encyclopedia of the Mideast & N. Africa: Levantine". answers.com. Retrieved 2012-01-25.
- ^ "About the Journal of Levantine Studies". levantine-journal.org. Retrieved 2012-01-25.
- ^ "ΓΕΝΙΚΟ ΠΡΟΞΕΝΕΙΟ ΤΗΣ ΚΥΠΡΙΑΚΗΣ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑΣ ΣΤΗΝ ΑΓΙΑ ΠΕΤΡΟΥΠΟΛΗ - Γενικές Πληροφορίες". www.mfa.gov.cy.
- ^ Levanten kültürü turizme açılıyor haberler.com (12.08.2013) Archived 30 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "History of the community 3". www.levantineheritage.com.
- ^ "Frangini: Italiani in Smirne/Izmir (in Italian)" (PDF).
- ^ "Levantine testimony 56". www.levantineheritage.com.
- ^ "Levantine testimony 35". www.levantineheritage.com.
- ^ Mersin'in bahanesi yok Archived 2012-10-19 at the Wayback Machine, Radikal, 26 May 2007
- ^ "musicaltimes.co.uk". www.musicaltimes.co.uk. Archived from the original on February 23, 2003.
- ^ "NTV HABER - Haberler, Son Dakika Haberleri". www.ntv.com.tr. Archived from the original on February 8, 2010.
Sources
- Alex Baltazzi, George Galdies, George Poulimenos, A Lexicon of Smyrneika (Izmir Rumcasi Sozlugu): Illustrated with Phrases, Proverbs, Pictures and Dialogues, ISBN 978-1-4632-0251-4
- Consorti, A., Vicende dell’italianità in Levante, 1815-1915 in: Rivista Coloniale, anno XV.
- Franzina, Emilio. Storia dell'emigrazione italiana. Donzelli Editore. Roma, 2002 ISBN 88-7989-719-5
- Gagarin, Michael (31 December 2009), Ancient Greece and Rome, vol. 1, Oxford University Press, Incorporated, p. 247, ISBN 978-0-19-517072-6
- Missir di Lusignano, Livio. Due secoli di relazioni italo-turche attraverso le vicende di una famiglia di italiani di Smirne: i Missir di Lusignano. "Storia contemporanea", (4) pp. 613–623. Università di Bologna. Bologna, 1992.
- Pannuti, Alessandro. Les Italiens d’Istanbul au XXe siècle : entre préservation identitaire et effacement. Université de Paris III – Sorbonne Nouvelle. Parigi, 2004
- Pongiluppi, Francesco. La Rassegna Italiana Organo degli Interessi Italiani in Oriente. Giornale Ufficiale della Camera di Commercio Italiana di Costantinopoli, Edizioni Isis, Istanbul, 2015.
- "Levant", Encarta, Microsoft, 2009
- "Levant", Oxford Dictionaries Online, Oxford University Press
External links
- Levantine Heritage, a website for the Levantine community