Level 3 Communications
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Level 3 Communications was an American
Level 3 operated a Tier 1 network.[4] The company provided core transport, IP, voice, video, and content delivery for medium-to-large Internet carriers in North America, Latin America, Europe, and selected cities in Asia.[5] Level 3 was also the largest competitive local exchange carrier (CLEC) and the 3rd largest provider of fiber-optic internet access (based on coverage) in the United States.
On October 31, 2016, CenturyLink announced an agreement to acquire Level 3 Communications in a cash and stock transaction.[6] Level 3 became part of CenturyLink on November 1, 2017.
History
1985 to 2000
In 1985,
2001 to 2010
According to Level3's own history, in 2003, the company acquired Genuity, and, between 2005 and 2007, it purchased several other companies including former rivals
2010 to 2017
On April 11, 2011, Level 3 announced a
On May 14, 2012, Level 3 was contracted by European content provider Voxility to provide 250 Gbit/s or more to Voxility's three main data centers in North America and Europe.
On June 16, 2014, Level 3 acquired TW Telecom, a business Internet connection provider, for about $5.7 billion.[14]
In July 2015, Level 3 acquired Black Lotus, a provider of protection against
On October 31, 2016,
On October 3, 2017, the deal was approved by the United States Department of Justice on condition of selling some of Level 3's telecom holdings in three states.[17] The deal officially closed and Level 3 became part of CenturyLink on November 1, 2017.
On November 1, 2017, Level 3 Communications officially merged with CenturyLink.[18][19] As part of the merger, work was required to divest of 24 individual fiber optic lines spanning 30 city pairs as required by the US Department of Justice. Additionally, Level 3 was required to divest of metro Ethernet markets in Boise, Tucson, and Albuquerque to satisfy antitrust requirements. The company complied with the divestiture of those assets.
Operations
Network
Level 3 Communications operated a large network
At the time of acquisition by CenturyLink, it was owner of
Level 3 Communications delivered Netflix and Apple music and video content over the Internet.[29] The company ran a content delivery network which it acquired from Savvis in 2006.[30]
In 2006, Level 3 Communications announced with Internet2, an academic network, that they would deploy a next generation nationwide research network.[31]
Sales organization
Level 3 distributed and sold its services through a mix of six independent sales channels: large enterprise, wholesale, federal, content and media, midmarket, and indirect. All six sales channels reported to the president of sales Andrew Crouch.[32] The top performing Level 3 indirect sales agencies in 2010 included Intelisys, Microcorp, CDW/AVANT Communications, PlanetOne, Advantage Communications Group, Telarus, and Presidio.[33]
Comcast dispute
On November 11, 2010 a dispute arose between Level 3 and
On July 16, 2013, Level 3 Communications and Comcast seemingly ended their three-year dispute by issuing a statement that "Level 3 and Comcast have resolved their prior interconnect dispute on mutually satisfactory terms. Details will not be released."[38] On May 21, 2015, Level 3 and Comcast announced a new multi-year bilateral agreement to "enhance their existing network capacity while extending their mutual interconnection agreements, ensuring that both maintain ample capacity to exchange Internet traffic between their networks."[39][40]
Other disputes
In July 2013, the
See also
References
- ^ a b c "Stock Ticker Symbol Lookup - MarketWatch".
- ^ "Stock Ticker Symbol Lookup - MarketWatch".
- ^ "Symbol Lookup from Yahoo Finance".
- ^ a b c "About Level 3". Level 3 Communications. Archived from the original on 2011-01-27.
- ^ "Level 3 Company Profile". Telecom Industry News. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 20 March 2012.
- ^ "CenturyLink to acquire Level 3 Communications".
- ^ a b Company History: A Network Built to Support the Silicon Economics Cycle Archived 2010-04-09 at the Wayback Machine Level 3 Communications Official Site
- ^ Theregister.co.uk "Level 3 pays $3bn for Global Crossing". Apr 11, 2011. Retrieved Oct 21, 2011.
- ^ Leena Rao, publication. "Level 3 To Acquire Global Crossing For $3 Billion In Stock." April 11, 2011. Retrieved April 11, 2011.
- ^ Anders Bylund, Daily Finance. "Level 3 Communications Plunged: What You Need to Know Archived 2012-09-26 at the Wayback Machine." Aug 8, 2011. Retrieved Aug 10, 2011.
- ^ Denver Business Journal. "Level 3 completes reverse stock split, moves to NYSE." Oct 20, 2011. Retrieved Oct 21, 2011.
- ^ Holverson, Austin. "European Content Provider Voxility Selects Level 3 to Provide Global High Speed IP Connectivity". Telecom Industry Updates. Archived from the original on 21 May 2012. Retrieved 14 May 2012.
- ^ Chugg, Justin. "U.S. Department of Defense Finalizes Selection of Level 3 for 10 year Multimillion Dollar Task Order". Telecom Industry News. Archived from the original on 21 May 2012. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
- ^ "Level 3 to Buy TW Telecom for $5.7 Billion". New York Times. 16 June 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
- ^ "Level 3 Acquires DDoS Mitigation Company Black Lotus". Level 3 Communications. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
- ^ Picker, Leslie (2016-10-31). "CenturyLink, a Network Provider, to Acquire Level 3, a Rival". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
- ^ "DOJ Tells CenturyLink to Divest Level 3 Telecom Holdings to Win Deal Approval". 2017-10-03.
- ^ "CenturyLink completes acquisition of Level 3". CenturyLink. No. November 1, 2017. PR Newswire (press release). Retrieved November 2, 2017.
- ^ "CenturyLink completes acquisition of Level 3".
- ^ "Level 3 Communications, LLC". National Broadband Map. Retrieved 2014-04-28.
- ^ International Backhaul Map Archived 2014-04-29 at the Wayback Machine Level 3 Communications Official Site
- ^ European Back haul Map Archived 2010-10-10 at the Wayback Machine Level 3 Communications Official Site
- ^ Financial Services Case Study: Liquidity Express Route: An Information; Fast Track for Financial Services Archived 2011-07-13 at the Wayback Machine Level 3 Communications Official Site
- ^ "Level 3 acquires Viatel transatlantic assets". Archived from the original on 2011-10-09. Retrieved 2011-03-11.
- ^ Level 3 Communications Selects Apollo Archived 2011-07-07 at the Wayback Machine apollo-scs.com, 17th February 2008
- ^ WHOIS: AS1
- ^ Visualizing Internet Topology at a Macroscopic Scale January 2009, caida.org
- ^ AS ranking caida.org
- ^ Level 3 revenue falls despite Netflix deal reuters.com, Wed Feb 2, 2011 9:12am EST
- ^ Level 3 acquires Savvis video Archived 2012-05-29 at the Wayback Machine networkworld.com, December 26, 2006
- ^ Internet2 and Level 3 Communications to Deploy Next Generation Nationwide Research Network
- ^ Henderson, Khali (30 July 2010). "Level 3 Reorganizes NA Sales". Channel Partners Online. Retrieved 30 July 2010.
- ^ Henderson, Khali (24 March 2011). "Level 3 Names Top Partners for 2010". Channel Partners Online. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ http://investors.level3.com/investor-relations/press-releases/press-release-details/2010/Netflix-Signs-Multi-Year-Deal-with-Level-3-for-Streaming-Services/default.aspx Netflix Signs Multi-Year Deal with Level 3 for Streaming Services
- ^ "LEVEL 3 COMMUNICATIONS ISSUES STATEMENT CONCERNING COMCAST'S ACTIONS". Level 3 Communications. 29 November 2010. Archived from the original on 8 October 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
- ^ Waz, Joe (29 November 2010). "Comcast Comments on Level 3". Comcast. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
- ^ Lennett, Benjamin; Losey, James; Meinrath, Sascha (8 December 2010). "Dear Assistant Attorney General Varney, Chairman Genachowski, and Commissioners". fcc.gov. Federal Communications Commission. Archived from the original on 7 March 2013. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
- ^ "Level 3 and Comcast Issue Statement". BROOMFIELD, Colo.: Level 3 Communications. 26 July 2013. Archived from the original on 8 October 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
- ^ Comcast and Level 3 announce long-term interconnection agreement
- ^ http://investors.level3.com/investor-relations/press-releases/press-release-details/2015/Comcast-and-Level-3-Announce-Long-Term-Interconnection-Agreement/default.aspx Comcast and Level 3 announce long-term interconnection agreement
- ^ Wie der DE-CIX abgehört wird(in German)
- ^ N.S.A. May Have Hit Internet Companies at a Weak Spot
External links
- Business data for Level 3 Communications: