Lewisite 2
Names | |
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Preferred IUPAC name
Bis[(E)-2-chloroethen-1-yl]arsinous chloride | |
Other names
Dichlorovinylarsine chloride
Chlorobis((E)-2-chlorovinyl)arsine Bis[(E)-2-chlorovinyl]chloroarsine (E,E)-Lewisite 2 | |
Identifiers | |
3D model (
JSmol ) |
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ChemSpider | |
PubChem CID
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
C4H4AsCl3 | |
Molar mass | 233.35 g mol−1 |
Hazards | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Lewisite 2 (L-2) is an
Synthesis
Lewisite 2 is made as a
- AsCl3 + C2H2 → (ClCH=CH)AsCl2
Lewisite 2 is formed when there are two additions of acetylene to the arsenic center instead of one like the reaction seen above where only lewisite one is shown.
Exposure
Adverse health effects caused by lewisite can vary and are dependent on; the amount people are exposed to and, the amount of time someone is exposed to it. Lewisite immediately damages the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract and is a strong
Inhalation
Inhalation, the most common route of exposure, causes a burning pain and irritation throughout the respiratory tract,
Ingestion
Ingestion results in severe pain, nausea, vomiting, and tissue damage.
Eye exposure
The results of eye exposure can range from stinging, burning pain and strong irritation to
Chronic exposure
Chronic exposure to lewisite can cause
Treatment
Basic first aid for lewisite exposure is decontamination and irrigation of any areas that have been exposed, and when necessary airway management, assisted ventilation, and monitoring of vital signs.[4]
See also
References
- ^ National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Database. Lewisite 2, CID=5368106, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Lewisite-2 (accessed on Apr. 8, 2020)
- ^ a b McNutt, Patrick M., and Tracey L. Hamilton. "Ocular toxicity of chemical warfare agents." Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents. Academic Press, 2015. 535-555.
- ^ "CDC - Facts about Lewisite". www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "CDC - The Emergency Response Safety and Health Database: Blister Agent: LEWISITE (L) - NIOSH". www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 2016-01-14.
- ^ a b Chemistry of Sulfur Mustard and Lewisite https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK236079/
- ^ Chauhan, S.; Chauhan, S.; D’Cruz, R.; Faruqi, S.; Singh, K. K.; Varma, S.; Singh, M.; Karthik, V. Chemical warfare agents. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2008, 26, 113-122
- ^ Vilensky, Joel A., and Kent Redman. "British anti-Lewisite (dimercaprol): an amazing history." Annals of emergency medicine 41.3 (2003): 378-383.