Lewisite 3

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Lewisite 3[1]
Lewisite 3
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Tris[(E)-2-chloroethen-1-yl]arsane
Other names
Tris((E)-2-chlorovinyl)arsine

(E,E,E)-Lewisite 3

L-3
Identifiers
3D model (
JSmol
)
ChemSpider
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C6H6AsCl3/c8-4-1-7(2-5-9)3-6-10/h1-6H/b4-1+,5-2+,6-3+
    Key: AOAVIJUEFJPSAI-GZDDRBCLSA-N
  • C(=C[As](C=CCl)C=CCl)Cl
Properties
C6H6AsCl3
Molar mass 259.4 g mol−1
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 4: Very short exposure could cause death or major residual injury. E.g. VX gasFlammability 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g. canola oilInstability 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g. calciumSpecial hazards (white): no code
4
1
1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Lewisite 3 (L-3) is an

geraniums.[3][4]

Synthesis

Lewisite 3 is made as a

byproduct along with lewisite 2 in the reaction that makes lewisite 1.[5]

catalyst, to give lewisite in 80 to 85% yield.[5]

AsCl3 + C2H2 → (ClCH=CH)AsCl2

Lewisite 3 is formed when there are three additions of acetylene to the arsenic center instead of one.

Exposure

Adverse health effects caused by lewisite can vary and are dependent on; the amount people are exposed to and, the amount of time someone is exposed to it. Lewisite immediately damages the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract and is a strong

blistering agent
. Due to its arsenic center, lewisite may also cause problems similar to arsenic poisonings like stomach ailments and low blood pressure.

Inhalation

Inhalation, the most common route of exposure, causes a burning pain and irritation throughout the respiratory tract,

chronic respiratory disease.[4] In severe cases of exposure, can cause fatal pulmonary edema, pneumonitis, or respiratory failure
.

Ingestion

Ingestion results in severe pain, nausea, vomiting, and tissue damage.

damaged.[4]

Eye Exposure

The results of eye exposure can range from stinging, burning pain and strong irritation to

edema of the eyelids and periorbital area. Eye exposure to lewisite can cause permanent visual impairment or blindness.[4] The eyes can swell shut, which can keep the eyes safe from further exposure. The most severe consequences of eye exposure to lewisite are globe perforation and blindness.[4]
Generalised symptoms also include restlessness, weakness, hypothermia and low blood pressure.

Chronic Exposure

Chronic exposure to lewisite can cause

seizures, nausea, vomiting, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchitis, dermatitis, skin ulcers, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma.[4]

Treatment

Basic first aid for lewisite exposure is decontamination and irrigation of any areas that have been exposed, and when necessary airway management, assisted ventilation, and monitoring of vital signs.[4]

chelating agent that binds to the arsenic in lewisite.[7] It is contraindicated in those with peanut allergies.[4]

See also

References

  1. ^ National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Database. Lewisite 3, CID=5352143, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Lewisite-3 (accessed on Apr. 19, 2020)
  2. ^ a b McNutt, Patrick M., and Tracey L. Hamilton. "Ocular toxicity of chemical warfare agents." Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents. Academic Press, 2015. 535-555.
  3. ^ "CDC - Facts about Lewisite". www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i "CDC - The Emergency Response Safety and Health Database: Blister Agent: LEWISITE (L) - NIOSH". www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 2016-01-14.
  5. ^ a b Chemistry of Sulfur Mustard and Lewisite https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK236079/
  6. ^ Chauhan, S.; Chauhan, S.; D’Cruz, R.; Faruqi, S.; Singh, K. K.; Varma, S.; Singh, M.; Karthik, V. Chemical warfare agents. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2008, 26, 113-122
  7. ^ Vilensky, Joel A., and Kent Redman. "British anti-Lewisite (dimercaprol): an amazing history." Annals of emergency medicine 41.3 (2003): 378-383.
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