Manchuria under Yuan rule

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Liaoyang province
)
Liaoyang Province
遼陽等處行中書省
Province of the Yuan dynasty
1271–1368

Manchuria within the Yuan dynasty under the Liaoyang province
CapitalYizhou
 • TypeYuan hierarchy
History 
• Established
1271
• Disestablished
1368
1387
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Mongol Empire
Northern Yuan dynasty
Ming dynasty

Manchuria under Yuan rule refers to the

Northern Yuan dynasty for almost 20 years, until it was conquered by the Ming during its campaign against Naghachu and put under Ming rule
.

History

Part of a series on the
History of Manchuria
Prehistoric period
Ancient to Classical period
Medieval to Early Modern period
Modern period
Yuan dynasty, c. 1294.

Conquest of Manchuria

In 1211, after the conquest of

furs
as taxation. During the conquest of Manchuria the Mongols had formed temporary alliances of convenience with many local groups, but by 1233 they had terminated many such relations and established military dominance in Manchuria.

Yuan rule

Having destroyed existing governmental structures and displaced political elites, the Mongols did not immediately establish firm control. Rather, the Mongols developed a fluid system of governance in Manchuria designed to extract economic and military resources while maintaining local stability. With the establishment of the

Nestorian Christian Nayan. Kublai captured him and had him executed.[1]

After Nayan's defeat the Liaoyang province was re-established to govern Manchuria, and it oversaw seven

Hong Dagu headed the province in 1287 after the defeat of the Mongol princes Nayan and Qadan. When Qadan resumed his revolt and attacked the Goryeo capital of Kaesong, the Yuan Zhongshu Sheng specifically appointed Hong Dagu to pacify the region east of the Liao River and granted him wide latitude to accomplish this task. Hong Dagu's younger brother and son would later hold his post during the 1390s and 1400s (decade). Furthermore, Mongolian nobles such as Dorji also served in senior positions in the general administration in Manchuria.[2]

Kublai Khan's efforts to restore order in the region after the revolts by Nayan and Qadan reflect the complex nature of Manchuria under the Mongols. The establishment of the Liaoyang province was part of his efforts to consolidate control over Manchuria. He also appointed such loyal generals as the Korean Hong Kun-sang to senior posts within the administration of Manchuria. Finally, Kublai Khan was careful to permit Nayan's relatives to retain his lands and privileges. The Yuan court needed the allegiance of the Mongol aristocracy as a whole even when it was forced to strike against individual members. Kublai stove to balance the interests of the Goryeo throne, local Mongol nobles, leaders of the Korean community in Manchuria, and his own court to restore order in the northeast.[3]

During the 14th century, no open military conflict marred relations between the Yuan court and the imperial princes in Manchuria. The Liaoyang province exercised more local control than in previous decades. However, the Yuan government still felt the need to periodically dispatch special emissaries to assist officials in Manchuria in tours of inspections. In sum, the Mongol court continued to work at a balance among its own interest, Chinese populations, center-oriented local administration, and Mongol princes in the region. According to

a military campaign to attack Naghachu. The campaign concluded with the surrender of Naghachu and Manchuria was put under Ming rule
.

See also

References

  1. ^ The Cambridge History of China: Volume 6, Alien Regimes and Border States, by Denis C. Twitchett, Herbert Franke, John King Fairbank, p488
  2. ^ Empire's Twilight: Northeast Asia Under the Mongols, by David M. Robinson, p34-35
  3. ^ Empire's Twilight: Northeast Asia Under the Mongols, by David M. Robinson, p38-39
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