Libertadores

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the historical figures. For the South American football competition, see Copa Libertadores. For other uses, see Libertador.
Brazilian independence from Portugal. They are named that way in contrast with the Conquistadors.[1]

They were largely local-born men of European descent (

motherland, who were influenced by liberalism and led colonial subjects in their struggle for independence against the metropole
.

List of libertadores

Hispanic America

Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Contributed to the independence of Took part in Refs
Francisco Burdett O'Connor
(1791-1871) 		Bolivia, Peru, Venezuela, Colombia Spanish American wars of independence
War of the Confederation 		[2]
Pedro Santana
(1801–1864) 		Dominican Republic Dominican War of Independence
José de San Martín
(1778–1850) 		Argentina, Chile and Peru Argentine War of Independence
Crossing of the Andes
Chilean War of Independence
Peruvian War of Independence 		[3]
Simón Bolívar
(1783–1830) 		Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Panama and Bolivia Venezuelan War of Independence
Admirable Campaign
First Republic of New Granada
Ecuadorian War of Independence
Peruvian War of Independence
Bolivian War of Independence 		[4]
Augustin I of Mexico
(1783–1824) 		Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica
Plan de Iguala
 [5]
Manuel Belgrano
(1770–1820) 		Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay British invasions of the River Plate
May Revolution
Paraguay campaign
Argentine War of Independence
Bolivian War of Independence 		[6]
Bernardo O'Higgins
(1778–1842) 		Chile and Peru Chilean War of Independence
Argentine War of Independence
Peruvian War of Independence 		[7][8]
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
(1753–1811) 		Mexico
Grito de Dolores
Mexican War of Independence
 [9]
José María Morelos
(1765–1815) 		Mexico Mexican War of Independence
wrote the Sentimientos de la Nación 		[10]
Ramón Castilla
(1797–1867) 		Peru Peruvian War of Independence [11]
Andrés de Santa Cruz
(1792–1865) 		Bolivia and Peru Bolivian War of Independence
Argentine War of Independence
Peruvian War of Independence
Ecuadorian War of Independence
War of the Confederation 		[11]
José Gervasio Artigas
(1764–1850) 		Argentina and Uruguay
Portuguese invasion of the Banda Oriental
Portuguese conquest of the Banda Oriental
Argentine Civil Wars
 [11]
Thomas Cochrane
(1775–1860) 		Brazil, Chile
Brazilian War of Independence
Greek War of Independence
 [5]
Francisco de Miranda
(1750–1816) 		Venezuela American Revolutionary War
French Revolution
Venezuelan War of Independence 		[12]
Mariano Moreno
(1778–1811) 		Argentina May Revolution
Argentine War of Independence
Paraguay campaign 		[13]
Antonio José de Sucre
(1795–1830) 		Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela Venezuelan War of Independence
Ecuadorian War of Independence
Bolivian War of Independence
Peruvian War of Independence
Gran Colombia–Peru War 		[14]

Brazil

Maria Leopoldina de Austria, and Joaquim Gonçalves Ledo.[16]


Philippines

Emilio Aguinaldo

Emilio Aguinaldo, the first Filipino President and Generalissimo who liberated the Philippines from the Spanish Empire in 1898, is widely recognized as "El Libertador de la Patria" (The Liberator of the Homeland) [17] [18]

Legacy

The flags of Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador follow Francisco de Miranda's design of 1806. Also, Bolivia was named after Símon Bolívar, who in turn was president of Colombia, Peru, Bolivia and twice of Venezuela. San Martín served as "President Protector" of Peru.

In what today is part of Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica, Iturbide, a military leader revolted against the Viceroyalty of New Spain, founded an independent nation where he ascended as Emperor Agustín I.

The names of libertadores are used all over South America to name anything from towns and places to institutions and sports clubs. Also, the most prestigious international club football competition in South America is named the Copa Libertadores in their honour.

See also

Bibliography

  • Robert Harvey. Liberators: Latin America's Struggle for Independence. Woodstock, The Overlook Press, 2000.
    ISBN 1-58567-072-3
  • James Higgins (editor). The Emancipation of Peru: British Eyewitness Accounts, 2014. Online at https://sites.google.com/site/jhemanperu
  • Marion Lansing. Liberators and Heroes of South America. Boston, L. C. Page & Co., 1940.
  • Irene Nicholson. The Liberators: A Study of Independence Movements in Spanish America. New York, Frederick A. Praeger, 1968.
  • ISBN 978-950-49-2420-3
    .

References

  1. ^ Pigna, p. 9
  2. ISBN 978-99905-62-32-3
    .
  3. ^ Pigna, pp. 195-272
  4. ^ Pigna, pp. 135-192
  5. ^
    ISBN 1-58567-072-3
  6. ^ Pigna, p. 55-91
  7. ISBN 1-58567-072-3
  8. ^ Pigna, pp. 93-133
  9. ^ Lansing, pp. 15-39
  10. ^ Lansing, pp. 39-59
  11. ^ a b c Lansing, p. 121
  12. ^ Pigna, pp. 13-52
  13. ^ Lansing, pp. 119
  14. ^ Lansing, pp. 219
  15. ^ Viana, Hélio (1994). História do Brasil: período colonial, monarquia e república (in Portuguese) p.252
  16. ISBN 978-980-222-117-2
    .
  17. ^ Alip, Eufronio M. https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=4999 (1969). The Diplomacy of the Aguinaldo Government. pp. Volume 15, No. 1-2. {{cite book}}: External link in |first= (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  18. ^ Sytangco, AJ https://mb.com.ph/2019/03/15/aguinaldo-day-activities-set-in-cavite/ (May 16, 2019). Aguinaldo Day activities set in Cavite. Manila Bulletin. {{cite book}}: External link in |first= (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Libertadores.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Libertadores&oldid=1212793412"