Lichfield Cathedral
Lichfield Cathedral | ||
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Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St Chad | ||
Canon Treasurer David Primrose | | |
Laity | ||
Director of music | Ben Lamb | |
Organist(s) | Martyn Rawles |
Lichfield Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral in
Overview
The cathedral is dedicated to St Chad and St Mary. Its internal length is 113 m (371 ft), and the breadth of the nave is 21 m (69 ft). The central spire is 77 m (253 ft) high and the western spires are about 58 m (190 ft). The stone is sandstone and came from a quarry on the south side of Lichfield. The walls of the nave lean outwards slightly, due to the weight of stone used in the ceiling vaulting; some 200–300 tons of which was removed during renovation work to prevent the walls leaning further.[2]
Lichfield suffered severe damage during the English Civil War in which all of the stained glass was destroyed. In spite of this the windows of the Lady Chapel contain some of the finest medieval Flemish painted glass in existence. Dating from the 1530s it came from the Abbey of Herkenrode in Belgium, in 1801, having been purchased by Brooke Boothby when that abbey was dissolved during the Napoleonic Wars. It was sold on to the cathedral for the same price. There are also some fine windows by Betton and Evans (1819), and many fine late 19th century windows, particularly those by Charles Eamer Kempe.[2]
The Lichfield Gospels, also known as the Book of Chad, are the gospels of Matthew and Mark, and the early part of Luke, written mainly in Latin with some text in early Welsh and dating from around 730. There were originally two volumes but one went missing around the time of the English Civil War. It is closely related in style to the Lindisfarne Gospels.[3] The manuscript is on display in the Chapter House from Easter to Christmas.
The Cathedral Close is one of the most complete in the country and includes a medieval courtyard which once housed the men of the choir. The three spires are often referred to as the "Ladies of the Vale".
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Ground plan of the cathedral
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Aerial view, June 2020
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Exterior from the NE
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The cathedral choir
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The high altar
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Above the ornate south doorway of Lichfield Cathedral stand seven figures carved in Roman cement. Figures from left to right, representing: Saints Augustine of Hippo, Jerome, Ambrose of Milan, Gregory the Great, John Chrysostom, Athanasius and Basil.
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Francis Chantrey(1817), portrays two young sisters, Ellen-Jane and Marianne, who died in tragic circumstances in 1812
History of the cathedral
Early history and elevation to Archbishopric
When Chad was made
Starting in 1085 and continuing through the twelfth century the original wooden Saxon church was replaced by a Norman cathedral made from stone, and this was in turn replaced by the present
Devastation of the English Civil War
There were three great sieges of Lichfield during the period 1643–1646 as the cathedral close was surrounded by a ditch and defensive walls, which made it a natural fortress. The cathedral authorities with a certain following were for
In April of the same year (1643)
The cathedral suffered extensive damage: the central spire was demolished, the roofs ruined and all the stained glass smashed. Bishop Hacket began the restoration of the cathedral in the 1660s, aided by substantial funds donated by the restored monarch, but it was not until the 19th century that the damage caused by the Civil War was fully repaired. Up until the 19th century, on top of an ornamented gable, between the two spires, stood a colossal figure of Charles II, by William Wilson. Today it stands just outside the south doors.[6]
Victorian restoration
Although the 18th century was a golden age for the City of Lichfield, it was a period of decay for the cathedral. The 15th-century library, on the north side of the nave, was pulled down and the books moved to their present location above the Chapter House. Most of the statues on the west front were removed and the stonework covered with Roman cement. At the end of the century James Wyatt organised some major structural work, removing the High Altar to make one worship area of Choir and Lady Chapel and adding a massive stone screen at the entrance to the Choir.[2] Francis Eginton painted the east window and was commissioned by the chapter to do other work in the cathedral.
The ornate west front was extensively renovated in the Victorian era by George Gilbert Scott.[6] It includes a remarkable number of ornate carved figures of kings, queens and saints, working with original materials where possible and creating fine new imitations and additions when the originals were not available. Between 1877 and 1884 the empty niches on the west front were given new statues, most carved by Robert Bridgeman of Lichfield: the statue of Queen Victoria on the north side of the central window was carved by her daughter, Princess Louise.[2]
Wyatt's
Lichfield Angel
In February 2003, an eighth-century sculpted panel of the Archangel Gabriel was discovered under the nave of the cathedral. The 600mm tall panel is carved from limestone, and originally was part of a stone chest, which is thought to have contained the relics of St Chad. The panel was broken into three parts but was still otherwise intact and had traces of red pigment from the period. The pigments on the Lichfield Angel correspond closely to those of the Lichfield Gospels which have been dated to around 730AD. The Angel was first unveiled to the public in 2006, when visitor numbers to the cathedral trebled. After being taken to Birmingham for eighteen months for examination, it is now exhibited in the cathedral.[10]
COVID-19 pandemic
On Friday 15 January 2021, while closed to services during the
Shrine of St Chad
On the 7 and 8 November 2022 a new shrine to St Chad was consecrated and a relic of the saint was translated from St Chad's Cathedral, Birmingham, at two separate services.[13]
Dean and chapter
As of 7 December 2020:[14]
- Dean: Jan McFarlane (Interim Dean since April 2023)
- Canon Precentor: Andrew Stead (Canon since September 2013; Precentor since Easter 2017; previously Treasurer and school chaplain)
- Canon Custos: honorary assistant bishop since 3 April 2020)[15]
- Canon Chancellor: Gregory Platten (since 5 July 2020 collation)better source needed]
- Canon Treasurer: David Primrose (since 2021)
The additional role of Vice Dean has been vacant since Anthony Moore's resignation in 2017.
Lay Chapter
- Bryan Ramsell
- Anne Parkhill
- Margaret Harding
- Peter Durrant
Music
Organists
Notable organists of Lichfield Cathedral include the 17th-century composer Michael East, and the musical educator and choral conductor William Henry Harris who conducted at the coronations of both Elizabeth II and George VI
Priest Vicars Choral
- The Precentor's Vicar: Vacant
- The Dean's Vicar: Vacant
- The Chancellor's Vicar: Vacant
- The Treasurer's Vicar: Vacant
Lay Vicars Choral and Choristers
The Choir has eight Lay Vicars Choral on staff and in 2021 reduced the full time equivalents from 9 to 6. In the front rows Lichfield has 18 boy Choristers and up to 18 girl Choristers.[17]
Burials
This section needs additional citations for verification. (November 2019) |
- Bishop of the Northumbrians, later Bishop of the Mercians and Lindsey People, and Saint (c. 634–672) — originally buried in the Church of Saint Mary which became part of the cathedral. Relics moved to St Chad's Cathedral Birmingham[18]
- Geoffrey de Muschamp, Bishop of Coventry (1198–1208)
- William de Cornhill, Bishop of Coventry (1214–1223)
- Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield(1224–1238)
- Hugh de Pateshull, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield (1239–1241)
- Roger Weseham, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield (1245–1256)
- Walter Langton, Lord High Treasurer of England and Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield (1296–1321)
- PC (1768- 1854), cavalry officer during the Battle of Waterloo.[19]
- Primate of New Zealand(1858–1868)
See also
- Architecture of the medieval cathedrals of England
- Bishops of Lichfield
- English Gothic architecture
- Lichfield Cathedral School
- Lichfield Gospels
- List of cathedrals in the United Kingdom
- List of Grade I listed buildings in Staffordshire
- Grade I listed churches in Staffordshire
- Listed buildings in Lichfield
- List of the Bishops of the Diocese of Lichfield and its precursor offices
- Mercian Trail
Citations
- ^ Historic England. "Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St Chad (1298431)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
- ^ a b c d "Lichfield: The cathedral Pages 47–57 A History of the County of Stafford: Volume 14, Lichfield. Originally published by Victoria County History, London, 1990". British History Online.
- ^ Hawkes, Ross (9 July 2010). "American experts help record Lichfield Cathedral's St Chad Gospels". Archived from the original on 11 October 2019. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
- ^ Oswald Mosley (1858). A Short Account of the Ancient British Church. James Ridgway. p. 109.
- ^ Thomas Harwood (1806). The History and Antiquities of the Church and City of Lichfield:: Containing Its Ancient and Present State, Civil and Ecclesiastical; Collected from Various Public Records, and Other Authentic Evidences, Page 177, Issue 390. London: Cadell and Davies. pp. 6–7.
- ^ a b c d e f "Lichfield Cathedral: Our history". Lichfield Cathedral. Archived from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
- ^ "BBC Stoke & Staffordshire 360° - Lichfield Cathedral". BBC. 12 August 2002. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
- ^ a b Willis-Bund 1905, pp. 83–84.
- ^ Willis-Bund 1905, pp. 80–90.
- ISBN 978-0-9558887-7-9.
- ^ "Covid-19: Lichfield Cathedral turned into vaccination centre". BBC News. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
- ^ Morris, Steven (16 January 2021). "Covid vaccine jabs accompanied by organ music at Salisbury Cathedral". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
- ^ "The Reinstatement of the Shrine of St Chad". Lichfield Cathedral. 10 November 2022. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
- ^ "Who's Who". Lichfield-cathedral.org. 7 December 2020. Archived from the original on 2 January 2020. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
- ^ @BpJanMc (3 April 2020). "Thanks to modern technology I am now officially commissioned as Canon Custos @LichfieldCath and Assistant Bishop…" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ "Collationa and Installation of Canon Chancellor and Canon Custos | Welcoming Revd Dr Gregory Platten and art Revd Jan McFarlane to Lichfield Cathedral | By Lichfield Cathedral | Facebook". www.facebook.com.
- ^ "Lichfield Cathedral Choir Web Site". Archived from the original on 14 June 2006. Retrieved 20 April 2006.
- ^ "The Relics of St Chad". St Chad's Cathedral. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
- ^ "Lord Anglesey's burial – See p. 35". Archived from the original on 10 September 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
General references
- OCLC 767905615.
External links
- Lichfield Cathedral website
- Manuscripts of Lichfield Cathedral—Digital facsimiles of the St Chad Gospels and Cathedral's Wycliffe New Testament; includes overlay viewer, multispectral images, historical images (going back to 1887), collation, and presently sixteen interactive 3D and RTI renderings—University of Oklahoma