Limburg an der Lahn

Limburg an der Lahn
Town
Cathedral with the old Lahn bridge
Flag Coat of arms
Location of Limburg an der Lahn within Limburg-Weilburg district
Limburg an der Lahn Show map of Germany Limburg an der Lahn Show map of Hesse
Coordinates: 50°23′N 8°4′E / 50.383°N 8.067°E / 50.383; 8.067
Country	Germany
State	Hesse
Admin. region	Giessen
District	Limburg-Weilburg
Government
• Mayor (2021–27)	Marius Hahn[1] (SPD)
Area
• Total	45.15 km2 (17.43 sq mi)
Elevation	117 m (384 ft)
Population  (2022-12-31)[2]
• Total	36,053
• Density	800/km2 (2,100/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes	65549–65556
Dialling codes	06431, 06433 (Ahlbach)
Vehicle registration	LM, WEL
Website	www.limburg.de

Limburg an der Lahn (officially abbreviated Limburg a. d. Lahn) is the district seat of Limburg-Weilburg in Hesse, Germany.

Geography

Location

Limburg lies in western Hesse between the Taunus and the Westerwald on the river Lahn.

The town lies roughly centrally in a basin within the

Limburg forms, together with the town of Diez, a middle centre (in terms of Central place theory) but partially functions as an upper centre to western Middle Hesse.

Limburg's residential neighbourhoods reach beyond the town limits; the neighbouring centres of Elz and Diez run seamlessly together.

Surrounding towns and communities are the community of Elz and the town of Hadamar in the north, the community of Beselich in the northeast, the town of Runkel in the east, the communities of Villmar and Brechen in the southeast, the community of Hünfelden in the south (all in Limburg-Weilburg), the community of Holzheim in the southwest, and the town of Diez and the communities of Aull and Gückingen in the west (all in the Rhein-Lahn-Kreis in Rhineland-Palatinate).

The nearest major cities are

1. Limburg: 19,401
2. Lindenholzhausen: 3,315
3. Linter: 3,080
4. Eschhofen: 2,789
5. Staffel: 2,762
6. Offheim
   : 2,608
7. Dietkirchen: 1,630
8. Ahlbach: 1,252

Each Ortsbezirk is represented by a council. Blumenrod is also often called a constituent community, although this is actually only a big residential neighbourhood in the main town's south end. Its landmark is the Domäne Blumenrod, a former manor house that has been restored and remodelled by the Limburg Free Evangelical community.

Limburg's biggest outlying centre is Lindenholzhausen (3,315 residents as of June 2020); the second biggest is Linter.

Etymology

The derivation of the name "Limburg" is not quite clear and may well derive from a local castle (Burg means "castle" in German). In 910 the town was first mentioned as Lintpurc. Two of the popular theories are:

• The name was chosen because of the close proximity to the Linterer Bach, a former stream in Linter that has now run dry and that emptied into the Lahn at the Domfelsen (crag). Linda is the Gaulish word for water.
• Rather unlikely but very popular is the connection to a dragon saga (see Lindworm) and the connection with the Stift of Saint George the "Dragon Slayer" founded in Limburg. However, the monastery was built after the castle and founded around the time of the first written mention of the name.

History

About 800 A.D., the first castle buildings arose on the Limburg crags. This was probably designed for the protection of a ford over the river Lahn. In the decades that followed, the town developed under the castle's protection. Limburg is first mentioned in documents in 910 under the name of Lintpurc when Louis the Child granted Konrad Kurzbold an estate in the community on which he was to build a church. Konrad Kurzbold laid the foundation stone for Saint George's Monastery Church, where he was also buried. The community soon increased in importance with the monastery's founding and profited from the lively goods trade on the Via Publica.

In 1150, a wooden bridge was built across the Lahn. The long-distance road from

One line of the Lords of Ysenburg resided from 1258 to 1406 at Limburg Castle and took their name from their seat, Limburg. From this line came the House of Limburg-Stirum and also Imagina of Isenburg-Limburg, the wife of the German King Adolf.

The ruling class among the mediaeval townsfolk were rich merchant families whose houses stood right near the castle tower and were surrounded by the first town wall once it was built. The area of today's Rossmarkt ("Horse Market"), in which many simple craftsmen lived, was only brought within the fortifications once the second town wall was built. The inhabitants there, however, unlike the merchant élite, were accorded no entitlement to a voice in town affairs and were not allowed to send representatives to the town council. Nevertheless, they had to bear the main financial burden of running the town. Only in 1458 were they allowed to send two representatives to town council.

Saint George's Cathedral (Sankt-Georgs-Dom) built on the old monastery church's site, and also called Georgsdom, was consecrated in 1235. On 14 May 1289, a devastating fire wiped out great parts of the inner town, although these were subsequently rebuilt. One of the houses built at that time was the

Against the background of the German Peasants' War, unrest also arose among the townsfolk in 1525. After the Elector of Trier had demanded that the townsmen turn a Lutheran preacher out of the town, a board made up of townsmen who were ineligible for council functions handed the council a 30-point comprehensive list of demands on 24 May. It dealt mainly with financial participation and equality in taxation, trade and building issues with the merchant class. In the days that followed, these demands were reduced in negotiations between the council and the board to 16 points, which were likely also taken up with the Elector afterwards. On 5 August, however, Archbishop Richard ordered the council to overturn all concessions to the townsmen. Furthermore, a ban on assembly was decreed, and the ineligible townsmen were stripped of their right to send two representatives to council.

In 1806, Limburg came into the possession of the newly founded

During World War I there was a major prisoner of war camp at Limburg an der Lahn. Many Irish members of the British Army were interned there until the end of the war and at one stage they were visited by the Irish republican leader Roger Casement in an attempt to win recruits for the forthcoming Irish rebellion.

From 1919 to 1923, Limburg was the "capital" of a short-lived state called

In 1956, a sponsorship was undertaken for Sudeten Germans driven out of the town of Uničov, Czech Republic.^{[citation needed]}

Economy and infrastructure

Transport

Limburg is a traditional transportation hub. Already in the Middle Ages, the Via Publica crossed the navigable Lahn here. Today the A 3 (Emmerich–Oberhausen–Cologne–Frankfurt–Nuremberg–Passau) and Bundesstraße 8, which both follow the Via Publica's alignment as closely as possible, run through the town. Bundesstraße 49 links Limburg to Koblenz towards the west and Wetzlar and Gießen towards the east. The section between Limburg and Wetzlar is currently being widened to four lanes. This section as far as Obertiefenbach is also known as Die lange Meil ("The Long Mile"). Bundesstraße 54 links Limburg on the one hand with Siegen to the north and on the other by way of Diez with Wiesbaden, which may likewise be reached over Bundesstraße 417 (Hühnerstraße).

As early as 1248, a wooden bridge spanned the Lahn, but was replaced after the flooding in 1306 by a stone bridge, the Alte Lahnbrücke. Other road bridges are the Lahntalbrücke Limburg (1964) on the A 3, the Lahnbrücke near Staffel and the Neue Lahnbrücke from 1968, over which run the Bundesstraßen before they cross under the inner town through the Schiedetunnel, a bypass tunnel.

Once the

The nearest airport is Frankfurt Airport, 63 km away on the A 3. Travel time there on the ICE is roughly 20 minutes. Cologne Bonn Airport is 110 km away and can be reached on the ICE in 44 minutes.

The Lahn between

Established businesses

• Blechwarenfabrik Limburg GmbH (Metal and plastic packaging)
• Bundesanzeiger Verlag (publishing house)
• Harmonic Drive AG
• MOBA Mobile Automation AG
• Mundipharma
• Tetra Pak
• Vectus Verkehrsgesellschaft mbH (transport)
• Nassauische Neue Presse (newspaper)

Public institutions

Education

Limburg has four schools which lead to, among other qualifications, the Abitur:

• Tilemannschule, which has existed since the late 19th century and was named after the famous Limburg chancellory head Tilemann Elhen von Wolfhagen in the 1950s
• Marienschule, a private Gymnasium (Grammar School), which has existed since 1895 and which belongs to the Bishopric of Limburg.
• Peter-Paul-Cahensly-Schule with vocational Gymnasium (Grammar School) in the fields of economics and administration, data processing, electrical engineering and machine building
• health sciences

Professional training schools:

• Peter-Paul-Cahensly-Schule
• Friedrich-Dessauer-Schule
• Adolf-Reichwein-Schule
• Marienschule

• Johann-Wolfgang-von-Goethe-Schule
• Leo-Sternberg-Schule
• Theodor-Heuss-Schule

Libraries:

• Dombibliothek
• Diözesanbibliothek

St. Vincenz Hospital

The hospital perched on the Schafsberg overlooking the town has at its disposal 433 beds and 15 specialist departments.

Sport and leisure

In Limburg there are various

• Limburger Club für Wassersport 1895/1907 e.V. (training base for the Deutscher Ruderverband)
• Limburger Hockey Club
• Schwimmverein Poseidon Limburg e. V. (swimming)
• various clubs in the outlying centres such as the Turnverein Eschhofen (gymnastics club), the fistball stronghold in Limburg-Weilburg

Youth meeting place in Limburg

The

The Mütterzentrum Limburg is a family meeting place for those with or without children on Hospitalstraße. The club is supported by the town of Limburg and the Bundesland of Hesse and offers among other things a parents' service that looks after children, a broad array of course offerings for children and adults, a miniature kindergarten and a café.

Volunteer fire brigades

• Limburg an der Lahn Volunteer
  Fire brigade
  , founded 1867 (includes Youth Fire Brigade)
• Ahlbach Volunteer Fire Brigade, founded 1908 (includes Youth Fire Brigade)
• Dietkirchen Volunteer Fire Brigade, founded 1934 (includes Youth Fire Brigade)
• Eschhofen Volunteer Fire Brigade, founded 1901 (includes Youth Fire Brigade)
• Lindenholzhausen Volunteer Fire Brigade, founded 1933 (includes Youth Fire Brigade)
• Linter Volunteer Fire Brigade, founded 1935 (includes Youth Fire Brigade)
• Offheim Volunteer Fire Brigade, founded 1898 (includes Youth Fire Brigade)
• Staffel Volunteer Fire Brigade, founded 1880 (includes Youth Fire Brigade)

Culture and sightseeing

Performers

The cabaret troupe "Thing", founded more than 25 years ago, moved after a short time from its initial home in the outlying centre of Staffel to the Josef-Kohlmaier-Halle, a civic event hall, where its stage can now be found in the hall's club rooms. The troupe is run by an independent acting club. On the programme are chanson, cabaret, literature and jazz as well as folk, Rock and performances by singer-songwriters. It makes a point of furthering young artists. Each month, three or four events are staged.

The dedication of "Thing" was recognized on 6 December 2003 when the Kulturpreis Mittelhessen ("Middle Hesse Culture Prize") was awarded to it.

Limburg Cathedral has a famous boys' choir, the Limburger Domsingknaben, which trains at Musical Boarding School in Hadamar, and an excellent girls' choir, the Mädchenkantorei Limburg, both singing at the Limburg Cathedral and internationally.

Museums

In Limburg there are several museums. The most important are:

• Town of Limburg art collections that offer changing exhibits
• Staurothek,
  cathedral treasury
  and diocesan museum with the Limburger Staurothek (a cross reliquary)
• Museum Limburg Navy Museum
• Pallottine Mission museum

Buildings

Only a few towns, like Limburg, have been able to keep a full set of nearly unscathed mediaeval buildings. The formerly walled town core between St. George's Cathedral, Grabenstraße (a street marking the old town moat) and the 600-year-old Lahn Bridge thus stands today as a whole under monumental protection.

The Altstadt ("Old Town") has a fine cathedral and is full of narrow streets with timber-frame houses, dating mainly from the 17th and 18th centuries; hence the name the German Timber-Frame Road.

• Limburger Dom, one of the most complete creations of Late Romanesque architecture. It was printed on the reverse of the 1,000 Deutsche Mark note from the second series,^[5] which was in circulation from 1960 to 1989. The cathedral was recently renovated and painted to reflect its original appearance.
• Limburger Schloss, built in early 13th century by Gerlach von Ysenburg
• Burgmannenhaus, built about 1544; serves as a museum today
• St. Anna-Kirche (church), stained glass from third fourth of 14th century with eighteen scenes from the New Testament
• Old Lahn Bridge, from 1315, place where the Via Publica (road) crossed the Lahn
• In the Old Town stand many timber-frame houses from the 13th to 19th centuries. One peculiarity seen among the timber-framed houses of Limburg is the "hall house" from the High Middle Ages, which has a great hall on the ground floor. When restoration work began in the Old Town in 1972, the houses were carefully restored. Among the best known timber-frame houses are:
  • Haus Kleine Rütsche 4, narrowest spot on the historic trade road between Frankfurt and Cologne, whose breadth is written at the Haymarket (Heumarkt) in Cologne
  • Haus der sieben Laster ("House of the Seven Vices") at Brückengasse 9, built in 1567,
    wrath and sloth
  • Werner-Senger-Haus, a beautiful stone hall house with timber-framed façade dating from the 13th century
  • Houses at the fishmarket. The square's name in the 13th century was still Fismart ("Yarn Market" or "Wool Market") in the Limburg dialect, and it was the Limburg wool weavers' trading centre^[7]
  • Römer 2-4-6, Germany's oldest freestanding timbered house; in the garden a
    mikvah
    was found
• Rathaus ("Town Hall"), built in 1899
• "Huttig" (town wall tower remnant)
• Former noble estate of the Counts of Walderdorff at Fahrgasse 5

Twin towns – sister cities

Limburg an der Lahn is twinned with:^[8]

• Lichfield, England, United Kingdom
• Oudenburg, Belgium
• Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon, France

Notable people

• Imagina of Isenburg-Limburg (c. 1255 – 1313?), the Queen consort of Adolf of Nassau, King of Germany
• indologist
• Alexej Stachowitsch (1918–2013), Austrian-Russian author, pedagogue and songwriter, died there
• bishop emeritus of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Limburg
• Theo Geisel (born 1948), physicist
• Eberhard Metternich (born 1959), catholic church musician
• Christoph Prégardien (born 1956), lyric tenor
• Alison Browner (born 1957), Irish mezzo-soprano opera singer, based in Limburg an der Lahn
• Franz-Peter Tebartz-van Elst (born 1959), prelate of the Catholic Church
• Germar Rudolf (born 1964), chemist and a convicted Holocaust denier
• Veronika Winter (born 1965), soprano
• Stefan Saliger (born 1967), field hockey player
• Peter W. Marx (born 1973), theatre and performance studies scholar
• Tamara Bach (born 1976), youth book author
• David Heiss
  , convicted murder

Gallery

• 
  Limburg Cathedral seen from the Lahn bridge
• 
  Cathedral with castle
• 
  Cathedral, inside view
• 
  Zum goldenen Hirsch
• 
  Former graveyard chapel, eaves side
• 
  Former graveyard chapel, entrance side

Further reading

• Stille, Eugen: Limburg an der Lahn und seine Geschichte, Limburger Vereinsdruckerei, Selbstverlag E. Stille, Limburg/Kassel 1971
• Maibach, Heinz: Limburg an der Lahn in alten Ansichten, Siebte Auflage, Zaltbommel/Niederlande 1993
• Fügen, Randolf: Highlights in Mittelhessen. 1. Auflage. Wartenberg Verlag Gudensberg-Gleichen 2003
  ISBN 3-8313-1044-0
• Maibach, Heinz: Limburg an der Lahn in alten Ansichten. Siebte Auflage. Zaltbommel/Niederlande 1993; NA: Sutton, Erfurt 2010,
  ISBN 978-3-86680-733-4
  .
• Maibach, Heinz: Dokumente zur Limburger Stadt- und Kreisgeschichte 1870–1945. Limburg 1992,
  ISBN 3-9802789-2-1
  .
• Fuchs, Johann-Georg: Limburger Altstadtbauten. Bürger und Begebenheiten. 2. Auflage. Limburg 2006.
• Limburg im Fluss der Zeit. Schlaglichter aus 1100 Jahren Stadtgeschichte. (Beiträge zur Geschichte der Kreisstadt Limburg a. d. Lahn 1). Limburg 2010,
  ISBN 978-3-936162-08-0
  .
• Marten, Bettina: Limburg an der Lahn: Dom- und Stadtführer. Petersberg 2010,
  ISBN 978-3-86568-605-3
  .
• Waldecker, Christoph: Limburg in historischen Ansichten. Sutton, Erfurt 2010,
  ISBN 978-3-86680-733-4
  . (Archivbilder)
• Wagner, Harald: Limburg entdecken! Ein Stadtführer für Touristen und Einheimische. Limburg 2011,
  ISBN 978-3-00-031762-0
  .
• Waldecker, Christoph: Limburg an der Lahn. (Großer Kunstreiseführer 251). 2., erweiterte Auflage. Schnell + Steiner, Regensburg 2011,
  ISBN 978-3-7954-2559-3
  .
• Limburg im Fluss der Zeit. (Beiträge zur Geschichte der Kreisstadt Limburg a. d. Lahn, 2). Vorträge zur Stadtgeschichte. Limburg 2013,
  ISBN 978-3-936162-10-3
  .
• Waldecker, Christoph: Zeitsprünge Limburg. Sutton, Erfurt 2014,
  ISBN 978-3-95400-471-3
  .

• Bracht, Horst: Galgenfrist. Historischer Limburg-Krimi. Societäts-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2012,
  ISBN 978-3-942921-81-7
  .
• Bracht, Horst: Der Klosterbrauer. Limburg-Krimi. Societäts-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2014,
  ISBN 978-3-95542-080-2
  .

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Limburg an der Lahn.

• Official website (in German)
• Limburg Cathedral (in German)
• Limburg Cathedral Boys' Choir (in English)
• Pictures of Limburg and its cathedral (in German)
• Limburg an der Lahn at
  Curlie
• There is literature about Limburg an der Lahn in the Hessian Bibliography