Lingling-o
Lingling-o or ling-ling-o, are a type of penannular or double-headed
The earliest surviving examples of lingling-o, dating back to around 500 BC, were made out of nephrite jade, but many later examples were also made of shell, gold, copper, and wood;[2] the different materials suggest differences in the wearer's social standing.[2] The term lingling-o was first popularized by H. Otley Beyer, who adapted it from the Southern Ifugao name for such ornaments;[5] it has since also come to be used as a blanket term for various metal age Austronesian ornaments found in the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam.[5]
Although the earliest known lingling-o dates from 500 BC, the art of jade carving and its trade in the region is much older. In 2000 BC, the
Batanes workshop site
Earlier historians have posited that the earliest lingling-o artifacts found in the Philippines were created outside of the archipelago, but an expedition to the northern Philippine province of Batanes, led by archeologist Peter Bellwood in the early 2000s, led to the discovery of a lingling-o workshop, complete with construction tools and fragments. This find provides evidence of indigenous Philippine manufacturers as early as 2,500 years ago. Lingling-o manufacturing survived until around AD 1000 in the Philippines.[1][3][10][4]
See also
- Ifugao people
- Hongshan culture
- Sa Huynh-Kalanay Interaction Sphere
- Maritime Jade Road
- Magatama: similar pendants from ancient Japan
- Gogok: similar pendants from the ancient Korean Peninsula
- Zhūlóng: zoomorphic stone artifacts produced in neolithic China with a similar c- or comma-like shape
- Hei-tiki: similar Maori pendants
- H. Otley Beyer
- Peter Bellwood
References
- ^ a b Zafra, Jessica (2008-04-26). "Art Exhibit: Philippines' 'Gold of Ancestors'". Newsweek. Retrieved 2017-12-27.
- ^ a b c "National Museum Collections: Ling-ling O". Official Website National Museum of the Philippines (Beta Website). Archived from the original on 2011-11-11. Retrieved 2017-12-27.
- ^ ISBN 9789971693510.
- ^ PMID 18048347.
- ^ ISBN 978-1556439414.
- ^ Tsang, Cheng-hwa (2000), "Recent advances in the Iron Age archaeology of Taiwan", Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, 20: 153–158, doi:10.7152/bippa.v20i0.11751
- ^ Turton, M. (2021). Notes from central Taiwan: Our brother to the south. Taiwan’s relations with the Philippines date back millenia, so it’s a mystery that it’s not the jewel in the crown of the New Southbound Policy. Taiwan Times.
- ^ Everington, K. (2017). Birthplace of Austronesians is Taiwan, capital was Taitung: Scholar. Taiwan News.
- ^ Bellwood, P., H. Hung, H., Lizuka, Y. (2011). Taiwan Jade in the Philippines: 3,000 Years of Trade and Long-distance Interaction. Semantic Scholar.
- ISBN 9789719429203.