Lipari
Lipari
Lìpari (Sicilian) | |
---|---|
Comune di Lipari | |
UTC+2 (CEST) | |
Patron saint | Saint Bartholomew |
Saint day | 24 August |
Lipari (Italian: [ˈliːpari]; Sicilian: Lìpari) is a comune including six of seven islands of the Aeolian Islands (Lipari, Vulcano, Panarea, Stromboli, Filicudi and Alicudi) and it is located in the Tyrrhenian Sea off the northern coast of Sicily, southern Italy; it is administratively part of the Metropolitan City of Messina. Its population is 12,821,[2] but during the May to September tourist season, the total population may reach up to 20,000. It is also the name of the biggest island in the archipelago, where the main urban area of the comune is located.
Geography
Lipari Island is the largest of a chain of islands in a
Geology
Geologists agree on the fact that Lipari (island) was created by a succession of four volcanic movements, the most important of which was the third one, presumably lasting from 20,000 BC to 13,000 BC. A further important phenomenon should have happened around 9000 BC.
History
Neolithic period
In Neolithic times Lipari was, much like
Bronze Age
In the early Bronze Age, at the end of the third millennium BC, new settlers of Aeolian origin came from Mycenaean Greece, giving their name to the islands. They had already settled in Metapontum in Italy and used the islands as outposts for controlling trading routes through the strait of Messina.
In the 13th century BC, the islands were settled by Ausinian peoples from the coasts of Campania, who introduced the myth of King Liparus from whom the town’s name derives.
Successive domestic buildings have been excavated on the acropolis dating from the 18th c. BC and underlying the ancient Roman town.
Late Bronze Age
In the Mycenaean Period, Lipari has yielded pottery from
Iron Age
Lipari's continuous occupation may have been interrupted violently when in the late 9th century BC an
Greek and Roman periods
Greek colonists from Knidos arrived at Lipara ~580 BC after their first colonization attempt in Sicily failed and their leader, Pentathlos, was killed.[7] They settled on the site of the village now known as Castello in Magna Graecia. The colony successfully fought the Etruscans for control of the Tyrrhenian Sea.
The town was initially concentrated upon the summit of the rock which played the role of acropolis, seat of religious cults and of public life, but in the course of the first century of its existence, an increase in the population necessitated an expansion into the area at the foot of the rocky slopes and on to the top of the Civita hill. A first city wall, built sometime in the 5th century BC was erected along outcrops at the bottom of the slopes of the rock, leaving outside the modern district of Diana, which was destined from the beginning to accommodate the city necropolis. A second city wall was built in the 4th century BC to enclose the new residential area bounded to the north and south by the river-beds of Santa Lucia and Ponte, which in ancient times ran into the two bays at the foot of the rock. The city wall ran near the two river-beds and then joined on to the Acropolis and the Civita hill. The mighty fortification, of which some traces are visible today in the district of Diana, divided the town from the necropolis.
Lipara became a Carthaginian naval base during the first
Many objects recovered from old wrecks are now in the Aeolian Museum of Lipari.
From the Middle Ages to present
Lipari was probably an episcopal see from the 3rd century onward, with the first bishop being St. Agatone, who, according to tradition, had found the sacred remains in his cathedral. The presence of the relics has been attested since at least 546.
In the 9th century, Sicily was conquered by the
Though still plagued by pirate raids, the island was continually populated from this time onward. Rule of the island was passed from the Normans to the Hohenstaufen Kings, followed by the Angevins, and then the Aragonese, until Carlos I, the Aragonese King, became the Spanish King, and was then quickly crowned Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.
Franco-Ottoman attack
In 1544,
A number of the citizens were ransomed in Messina and eventually returned to the islands.
Charles V then had his Spanish subjects repopulate the island and build the massive city walls atop the walls of the ancient Greek acropolis in 1556.
The walls created a mighty fortress still standing today. The acropolis, high above the main town, was a safe haven for the populace in the event of a raid. While these walls protected the main town, it was not safe to live on the rest of the island until Mediterranean piracy was largely eradicated, which did not occur until the 19th century.
20th century
From the 1920s to the 1940s, the Lipari islands were used for the
They islands were then extensively searched by archeologists Madeleine Cavalier and Luigi Bernabò Brea after World War II.[11][12][13]
Culture and media
- The large archaeological museum extensively covers history of the Aeolian Islands from prehistoric to classical times, vulcanology, marine history, and the paleontology of the western Mediterranean.
- The geographer Strabo identified Lipari with Aeolia, the island of the winds in Homer's Odyssey.
- The ending sequence of Kaos by Paolo and Vittorio Taviani showed children sliding down the vast slopes of white pumice that flowed into the sea. Today the pumice slope stops about 1 metre (3 ft) from the sea.
- The annual feasts of St. Bartholomew.[14]
- On 25 July 2013, the mayor of Lipari issued an ordinance banning the wearing of "bikinis, thongs or other swimming costumes in the town centre" to be punished with a fine of 500 euros[15] (equivalent to about $700 in 2014).
People
- Francesco Scoglio- Football Coach
- Christian Riganò - Football player
- Peppino Mangravite - Artist
See also
References
- ^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- ^ as at 2 January 2019; this figure includes all the Aeolian Islands except Salina.
- ^ "Lipari, Isole Eolie, Italy".
- ^ Keller, J. (1969): Die historischen Eruptionen von Volcano und Lipari. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft, vol.121, pp.179-185.
- ^ Gert Jan van Wijngaarden (2002) Use and Appreciation of Mycenaean Pottery in the Levant, Cyprus and Italy (1600-1200 BC)
- ^ Bernabo-Brea & Cavalier 1980
- ^ Diodorus Siculus 5.9, Pausanias 10.11.3-4
- ISBN 9789382573470.
- ^ Anthony Carmen Piccirillo p.1[permanent dead link]
- ISBN 978-9-63386-206-3.
- ^ "Médaille d'argent du CNRS à Madeleine Cavalier - Centre Jean Bérard". centrejeanberard.cnrs.fr. Retrieved 2024-03-03.
- ^ Pracanica, Alessio (2020-06-22). "Il museo Bernabò Brea di Lipari, uno dei più ricchi e meno conosciuti musei del Mediterraneo. Foto". Dazebaonews (in Italian). Retrieved 2024-03-03.
- ^ Martinelli, Maria Clara; Spigo, Umberto (2014). "Le isole Eolie dalla fondazione del Museo Archeologico Luigi Bernabò Brea alla istituzione del Parco Archeologico delle Isole Eolie : problemi di tutela e valorizzazione". 150 anni di preistoria e protostoria in Italia. - ( Studi di preistoria e protostoria ; 1) (in Italian): 561–565.
- ^ "Festa di San Bartolomeo a Lipari". www.siciliainfesta.com. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
- ^ "Lipari bans swim-suit attire from town centre". Archived from the original on 5 March 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
- Ezio Giunta, dir. (2005). "Lipari". Estateolie 2005*The Essential Guide (English Version of Tourist Guidebook): 2–61.
External links
- Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites
- Website for Finding Nino Travelogue about living on Lipari, the 2008 winner of the ASTW Travel Book of the Year Award.
- "Lipari". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2021-06-26.