Lippe (river)

Coordinates: 51°39′3″N 6°36′15″E / 51.65083°N 6.60417°E / 51.65083; 6.60417
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
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Lippe River
)
Lippe
The Lippe in Lünen
Location
CountryGermany
StateNorth Rhine-Westphalia
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • locationEastern Westphalia
 • elevation±140 m (460 ft)
Mouth 
 • location
Rhine
 • coordinates
51°39′3″N 6°36′15″E / 51.65083°N 6.60417°E / 51.65083; 6.60417
Length220.3 km (136.9 mi) [1]
Basin size4,889.9 km2 (1,888.0 sq mi) [1]
Basin features
ProgressionRhine→ North Sea
Tributaries 
 • leftPader, Alme, Ahse, Seseke
 • rightGlenne, Stever
Ruhr River
to the south.

The Lippe (German pronunciation: [ˈlɪpə]) is a river in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is a right tributary of the Rhine and 220.3 km (136.9 mi) in length with an elevation difference of 125 metres and a catchment area of 4.890 km². The source is located at the edge of the

Ruhr area, parallel to the river Emscher and river Ruhr. The river finally enters the Rhine at Wesel
.

Description and history

The river Lippe has been used as an infrastructure in Roman times. For the Romans the river (named Lupia)

Haltern which is likely to be the former headquarter of the imperial prince Tiberius. The distance between the camps is about a one-day walk for the troops, which is almost 30 km (20 mi). Today's identified Roman camps are: Olfen, Xanten, Haltern, Oberaden, Holsterhausen, Anreppen and Beckinghausen. The Battle of the Lupia River was fought in 11 BCE between Nero Claudius Drusus and the Sicambri
(Sugambri).

Today, the river appears as a two-tier water course: Upstream, eastward of the city of Hamm, the catchment is more rural. Downstream of Hamm settlements and industrial impacts characterize the situation. Though the Lippe was partly navigable from 1820 on it was not sufficient for the transport of industrial goods.

Historically, the preconditions for a change of the landscape started with the construction of the

Wesel-Datteln Canal are located in parallel to the Lippe which is not navigable for mass transportation. The canals receive Lippe water or feed the Lippe (to improve dry weather flow) from an exchange facility in Hamm, operated by the Wasserverband Westdeutsche Kanäle
.

Until the 1970s water pollution played no important role in the public debate but the environmental policy changed over the decades. Environmental standards on national level and especially from the EU have been leading to enormous efforts to improve the natural standards and today a couple of positive developments can be stated, like new FFH (Flora Fauna Habitat) sites [5] and governmental initiatives around the WFD (Water Framework Directive).[6][7]

Tributaries

The main tributaries of the Lippe are (from source to mouth):

Cities and towns

References

  1. ^ a b Hydrographic Directory of the NRW State Office for Nature, the Environment and Consumer Protection (Gewässerverzeichnis des Landesamtes für Natur, Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz NRW 2010) (xls; 4.67 MB)
  2. ^ Salmon, Nicholas (March 13, 1796). "Stemmata Latinitatis; or, An etymological Latin dictionary" – via Google Books.
  3. ^ "Römerlager an der Lippe". Google My Maps.
  4. ^ "History of the Lippeverband". Archived from the original on January 27, 2016.
  5. ^ EU LIFE project Lippeauen
  6. ^ "Umweltministerium NRW: Detailseite Broschüren". www.umwelt.nrw.de.
  7. ^ "FLUSSGEBIETE NRW". FLUSSGEBIETE NRW.

External links

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Lippe (river)".
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