List of Florida hurricanes (pre-1900)

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Tracks of hurricanes over Florida from 1851 to 1899

This list of Florida hurricanes prior to 1900 extends back to 1523 and encompasses 180

Atlantic hurricane database
in 1851, there were only eight years in which no tropical cyclone affected the state. Collectively, tropical cyclones in Florida resulted in at least 6,504 fatalities and monetary damage of over $90 million (2008 USD). At least 109 boats or ships were either driven ashore, wrecked, or damaged due to the storms.

Information is sparse for earlier years due to limitations in tropical cyclone observation, though as coastlines became more populated, more data became available. The National Hurricane Center recognizes the uncertainty in both the death tolls and the dates of the events.[1]


Pre-1700

  • 1523 – Two ships and their crews are lost during a hurricane on the west Florida coast.[2]
  • 1549 – Hernando de Escalante Fontaneda survived a shipwreck due to a hurricane off Florida, and the Calusa rescued the crew and passengers. They then sacrificed all the other castaways but enslaved him; he escaped after 17 years in captivity and reported the tale [3][4]
  • 1553 – A hurricane affects the state, killing fewer than 700 people.[5]
  • Around 1553 – A hurricane hits western Florida, resulting in about 700 casualties.[5] Some modern researchers estimate this is the same storm as the previous event, as some early storms affecting more than one locale may have multiple listings if the storm track is unknown.[1]
  • 1559 – A hurricane off northwestern Florida sinks six Spanish ships.[2]
  • August 20, 1559 – Around 500 people are killed by a hurricane offshore at western Florida.[5]
  • September 19, 1559 – A hurricane off the coast of Florida sinks several ships and kills many sailors.
    Santa Rosa Island
    .
  • 1563 – Cape Canaveral experiences the effects of a hurricane, with 284 fatalities reported.[5]
  • September 22, 1565 – An offshore hurricane washes several French ships ashore between Matanzas Inlet and Cape Canaveral, leaving 71 missing. The hurricane led to the loss of Fort Caroline and ultimately the French influence in Florida.[2][6]
  • September 13, 1566 – Rough seas and strong winds are experienced in the northeastern portion of the state by an offshore hurricane. It executes a loop and affects the area three days later.[6]
  • September 26, 1566 – An offshore hurricane washes a ship ashore near Cape Canaveral.[6]
  • 1571 – Two ships are lost on the Florida coastline during a hurricane, with few survivors.[2]
  • Fall 1571 – A hurricane makes landfall near Saint Augustine, causing great damage to the city from strong winds and a powerful storm surge.[6]
  • 1589 – One ship is wrecked during a hurricane along the eastern coast of the state.[2]
  • 1591 – 29 ships are lost along the coastal region of Florida during several tropical cyclones.[2]
  • September 22, 1599 – A hurricane makes landfall a short distance south of Saint Augustine, destroying several houses and flooding the entire town.[6]
  • September 5, 1622 – 1,090 people are killed during a hurricane in the Straits of Florida.[5]
  • August 1638 – A hurricane strikes the northeastern portion of the state, though its effects, if any, are unknown.[6]
  • September 27, 1641 – After passing over the Florida Straits, a hurricane wrecks five ships. The storm produces tropical storm force winds and rough seas along the northeastern portion of the state.[6]
  • August 19, 1674 – A hurricane known as the Great Storm of 1674 hits near Saint Augustine, and severely damages the town and its fort from rough seas.[6]
  • 1683 – 496 people die from a hurricane that affects east-central Florida,[5] though modern researchers question whether it was a hurricane or not.[1]
  • October 4, 1695 – A large ship is wrecked in the Florida Keys due to a passing hurricane.[2]

1700s

1800–1849

1850–1859

  • August 23, 1850 – A large hurricane strikes near Apalachicola, with its powerful storm surge destroying many ships and flooding coastal roads.[44]
  • August 24, 1851 – Apalachicola is hit by a major hurricane, causing severe damage in the St. Marks area from its 12-foot (3.7 m) storm tide.[45]
  • August 22, 1852 – The first hurricane of the season produces hurricane-force winds in the Florida Keys.[45] It later makes landfall near the Mississippi/Alabama border, producing strong winds and a pressure of 980 mbar in Pensacola.[46]
  • September 12, 1852 – The third hurricane of the season strikes near Tampa, producing strong winds and high seas in coastal areas.[6] Rainfall from the storm totals 0.55 inches (14 mm) at Fort Meade.[45]
  • October 9, 1852 – St. Marks is hit by a moderate hurricane which results in downed trees and damage to multiple small structures.[6]
  • October 20, 1853 – A storm paralleling the northeastern Florida coastline produces hurricane-force winds and coastal flooding.[6]
  • September 8, 1854 – The third hurricane of the season parallels the northeastern Florida coastline as a major hurricane before striking eastern Georgia. Though it is very severe offshore, impact is minor in Florida.[6]
  • August 31, 1856 – A
    Category 2 hurricane hits near Panama City, producing a pressure of 968 mbar and a storm tide of 6 feet (1.8 m) at Apalachicola.[45]
  • September 15, 1858 – The third tropical storm of the season hits near Tampa Bay and causes little effects as it crosses the state.[6]
  • September 16, 1859 – A hurricane hits southern Alabama and produces hurricane force conditions in western Florida. The storm produces heavy rainfall including a total of 3.3 inches (84 mm) in Barrancas Barracks, and destroys several buildings near the coast at Pensacola. One ship is washed aground.[45]
  • October 17, 1859 – A tropical storm hits near Fort Lauderdale, though effects, if any, are unknown.[47]

1860–1869

  • August 16, 1861 – The second hurricane of the season passes a short distance to the west of the Florida Keys, producing 35 mph (55 km/h) winds at Fort Jefferson.[48] The storm is believed to have later turned to the northeast, cross over the state, and wash a Confederate ship ashore at Saint Augustine.[6]
  • November 1, 1861 – A tropical storm hits near Chokoloskee on the southwest coastline, crosses the state, and exits into the Atlantic Ocean near Cape Canaveral. Impact, if any, is unknown.[47]
  • May 28, 1863 – Strong hurricane "Amanda" struck northwest Florida on May 28; the earliest landfall during a year known in the US.[49]
  • September 17, 1863 – An offshore tropical storm causes disruption in shipping in the coastal waters off eastern Florida.[6]
  • October 23, 1865 – The final hurricane of the season passes through the western
    Key West and strong winds throughout the state.[45]
  • October 6, 1867 – A hurricane hits near the mouth of the Steinhatchee River, though effects, if any, are unknown.[47]
  • October 4, 1868 – Apalachicola is struck by a tropical storm. There were no reports of damage.[47]

1870–1879

1880–1889

  • August 29, 1880 –68 people die from a shipwreck as a result of a
    Category 2 hurricane making landfall just to the south of Cocoa Beach, Florida.[47] Several other ships are washed ashore from Jupiter Inlet to the mouth of the St. Johns River, and another is damaged in the Gulf of Mexico after the hurricane crosses the state. In Cedar Key it is considered one of the worst hurricanes on record, with several buildings destroyed.[54]
  • September 8, 1880 – A tropical storm hits near Yankeetown, producing light amounts of rain and wind across the northern portion of the state.[6]
  • October 8, 1880 – The ninth storm and eighth hurricane of the season moves ashore just south of Yankeetown, though its impact, if any, is unknown.[47]
  • August 1, 1881 – Pensacola reports 15.95 inches (405 mm) of rainfall in association with a tropical storm that hits near the Alabama/Mississippi border.[55]
  • August 17, 1881 – A northeastward moving tropical storm passes just south of the Florida Keys and produces heavy rainfall and winds peaking at 28 mph (45 km/h) in Punta Russa.[55]
  • August 28, 1881 – Jacksonville experiences light winds from a hurricane that strikes Savannah, Georgia.[6]
  • September 10, 1882 – The second hurricane of the season makes landfall as a major hurricane at Pensacola, where it was considered to be among the most severe on record. Several boats are washed ashore along the Gulf of Mexico coastline. In and around Jacksonville, the strong winds greatly damage the cotton crop and destroy several buildings, killing five people.[56]
  • October 11, 1882 – A minimal hurricane hits near Yankeetown, causing moderate coastal flooding and heavy rainfall.[56]
  • September 10, 1883 – Jacksonville reports heavy rainfall in intervals and moderate winds from a hurricane paralleling the eastern coastline.[57]
  • September 10, 1884 – An offshore tropical storm which later becomes a hurricane produces higher than normal tides in northeastern Florida.[6]
  • August 24, 1885 – Light rainfall and gale-force winds is reported in Jacksonville in association with a hurricane paralleling the eastern coastline.[58]
  • August 30, September 21, and September 30, 1885 – Three tropical storms affect western Florida. Winds were not exceptionally strong, though the passage of the three storms contribute to a wet month in some portions of northern Florida, with precipitation accumulating to around 20 inches (500 mm) of rain.[6]
  • October 11, 1885 – The eighth storm of the season hits near the mouth of the Steinhatchee River, producing localized street flooding and moderate winds.[6]
  • June 21, 1886 – An unusual
    Category 2 hurricane in the month of June strikes near St. Marks, producing strong winds gusts but little damage.[59]
  • June 30, 1886 – A week after the previous storm, another Category 2 hurricane hits the central
    Florida Panhandle, causing damage to numerous ships and capsizing several others. The winds of the hurricane destroy dozens of houses and buildings, killing several people.[59]
  • July 19, 1886 – The fourth storm of the season makes landfall near Yankeetown and produces gusty winds yet little damage.[59]
  • August 18, 1886 – The
    Key West reporting a peak gust of 52 mph (84 km/h).[60]
  • July 27, 1887 – A hurricane hits near Pensacola and produces heavy rainfall peaking at 8 inches (203 mm) in Cedar Key. The rainfall, in combination with strong winds and rough seas, cause heavy damage to crops and roads.[61]
  • August 22, 1887 – A major hurricane paralleling the eastern coastline produces strong winds near the coast.[61]
  • October 20, 1887 – Heavy rainfall is reported in association with a hurricane crossing the northwestern
    Florida Panhandle.[61]
  • October 30, 1887 – The sixteenth storm of the season hits near Tampa, though its effects, if any, are unknown.[47]
  • August 16, 1888 – A major hurricane moves ashore on southeastern Florida, producing 2.02 inches (51 mm) of precipitation at
    Miami. Damage is unknown.[45][62]
  • September 7, 1888 – 2.48 inches (63 mm) of rain is recorded in Fort Meade in association with a tropical storm striking near Palm Beach.[63]
  • September 23, 1888 – The sixth storm of the season formed just south of the Florida Keys before briefly moving onshore in the extreme southeastern portion of the state. Effects, if any, are unknown.[47]
  • October 11, 1888 – A
    Category 2 hurricane hits near Yankeetown. It produces high tides and moderate winds, and destroys a hotel on Fort George Island.[6]
  • June 17, 1889 – The second storm of the season moves ashore near Yankeetown. Impact, if any, is unknown.[47]
  • September 23, 1889 – After weakening from hurricane status, a tropical storm makes landfall on Pensacola, though its effects, if any, are unknown.[47]
  • October 6, 1889 – The final storm of the season strikes extreme southern Florida after passing through the Florida Keys, causing no known effects.[47]

1890–1899

  • August 24, 1891 – A minimal hurricane hits near Homestead, though due to lack of observations near the landfall location its impact in the state is unknown.[45]
  • October 7, 1891 – The seventh storm of the season strikes Cape Sable and causes no known impact.[47]
  • October 9, 1891 – Shortly after becoming an extratropical cyclone, a storm crosses the state from Fort Myers to Cape Canaveral, producing light winds across the state.[6]
  • June 10, 1892 – A tropical storm which makes landfall near
    Cape Sable drops large amounts of precipitation across the southern Florida.[64]
  • September 12, 1892 – Southeastern Louisiana is hit by a tropical storm, with winds in Pensacola reaching 47 mph (76 km/h).[65]
  • October 24, 1892 – Heavy rainfall is reported in southern Florida as a result of a tropical storm hitting Tampa Bay.[64]
  • June 16, 1893 – Saint Marks is struck by a tropical storm. Moderate winds and rainfall occurs throughout the northeastern portion of the state,[66] including a total of 1.51 inches in Jacksonville.[6]
  • August 27, 1893 – The
    Sea Islands Hurricane parallels the eastern coastline as a major hurricane, producing winds in excess of 75 mph (120 km/h) near the coast. The winds destroy nine cottages in Mayport.[6]
  • October 2, 1893 – The
    Cheniere Caminada Hurricane makes landfall on southeastern Louisiana, though its large and powerful circulation damages Pensacola with high tides and winds.[66]
  • October 12, 1893 – A major hurricane parallels the coastline about 60 miles (95 km) offshore. The
    storm tide was high enough that at low tide, it was at the position of the normal high tide mark. The tide caused street flooding in Saint Augustine, with heavy damage reported in Mayport.[6]
  • August 7, 1894 – The second storm of the season hits just west of the Florida/Alabama border. Pensacola reports 50 mph (80 km/h) winds in association with the storm, though damage, if any, is unknown.[67]
  • September 25, 1894 – A hurricane makes landfall near Fort Myers. In Tampa, rainfall reached 13.78 inches (350 mm), causing coastal flooding in areas.[68] Heavy damage was reported in several cities in northeastern Florida.[6]
  • October 9, 1894 – A major hurricane hits moves ashore near Pensacola, producing high tides and heavy rainfall.[68]
  • October 2, 1895 – Heavy rainfall occurs in southern Florida as a result of a tropical storm passing a short distance to the south of the state.[69]
  • October 16, 1895 – Naples is struck by a tropical storm whose impact is unknown.[47]
  • October 22, 1895 – An offshore hurricane causes high tides and strong winds in southeastern Florida.[69]
  • July 7, 1896 – A
    Category 2 hurricane hits near Pensacola. There, strong winds destroy the roofs of about 35 houses and wreck 9 boats. Damage in the city is estimated at over $100,000 (1896 USD, $2.6 million 2008 USD).[70]
  • September 29, 1896 – The fourth storm makes landfall as a major hurricane on Yankeetown with a pressure of 960 mbar. Strong winds downed hundreds of trees and caused severe damage amounting to $1.5 million (1896 USD, $36 million 2006 USD).[70] Multiple deaths were reported in the state.[5]
  • October 9, 1896 – A tropical storm hits near Fort Myers, though its impact is unknown.[47]
  • September 11, 1897 – An anemometer in Pensacola reports winds of 43 mph (69 km/h) from a hurricane in the Gulf of Mexico. It is unknown if the hurricane causes damage in the state.[71]
  • September 21, 1897 – The third storm of the season moves ashore just north of Fort Myers and produces heavy rainfall, including a 24‑hour total of 6.56 inches (166 mm) in Tampa.[72]
Surface weather analysis for the San Ciriaco Hurricane on August 13, 1899

Monthly statistics

Number of recorded storms affecting Florida
Month Number of storms
June
10
July
6
August
35
September
56
October
53
November
1

Deadly storms

The following is a list of hurricanes with known deaths in the state. Several other hurricanes killed an unknown number of people in Florida, and multiple others left several missing.

Year Number of deaths
1781 2,000
1622 1,090
Around 1553 700
1553 <700
1559 500
1559 ~500
1683 496
1563 284
1880 68
1846 50
1758 40
1838 38
1843 14
1837 8
1899 6
1882 5
1898 4
1878 1+

See also

  • List of Atlantic hurricanes

References

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