List of Jewish diaspora languages
This is a list of languages and groups of languages that developed within Jewish diaspora communities through contact with surrounding languages.[1]
Afro-Asiatic languages
Cushitic languages
Semitic languages
Arabic languages
- Judeo-Arabic[1]
- Karaite Egyptian Arabic, based on old Egyptian Arabic[4]
Aramaic languages
- Hulaulá (Persian Kurdistani Jewish Neo-Aramaic)[6]
- Jewish Palestinian Aramaic (extinct)
- Galilean dialect (extinct)
Other Afro-Asiatic languages
- Judeo-Berber[1] (a group of different Jewish Berber languages and their dialects)
Austronesian languages
- Judeo-Malay (Possibly extinct)
Dravidian languages
(both written in local alphabets)
Indo-European languages
Germanic languages
- Jewish English Languages
- Lachoudisch (extinct)
- Lotegorisch (extinct)[7]
- Yiddish[1]
- Eastern Yiddish
- Western Yiddish
Indo-Aryan languages
- Judeo-Gujarati[8]
- Judeo-Hindustani[9][10]
- Judeo-Marathi[10]
- Judeo-Urdu
Iranian languages
- )
- Judeo-Golpaygani[11] (Possibly extinct)
- Judeo-Hamedani[11](Possibly extinct)
- Judeo-Kashani
- Judeo-Persian (Dzhidi, Jidi)[11]
- Judeo-Shirazi[11][12]
- Judeo-Tat (Juhuri)[13]
Romance languages
- Judeo-Latin (extinct or evolved into Judeo-Romance languages)
- Judeo-Aragonese (extinct, but have some impact on Judeo-Spanish citylect of Skopje)[citation needed]
- Judeo-Navarro-Aragonese with a significant Jewish koiné of Tudela (extinct)[citation needed]
- Judeo-Asturleonese (extinct, but still have some lexical traces in Judeo-Spanish)[citation needed]
- oïllanguages and their dialects (extinct)
- the Netherlands) and Judeo-Galician (extinct)[citation needed]
- Judeo-Provençal[1](extinct)
- Judeo-Sicilian[14] (including the zone of so-called Meridionali Estremi (Far Southern) dialects of Sicily, Calabria and Apulia, including Judeo-Salentino of Corfu) (extinct or almost extinct)[citation needed]
Occitan
Judeo-Spanish (Judezmo, Ladino)[1]
- Haketia
- Tetuani
Judeo-Italian
- Judeo-Ferrarese† (Giudeo-Ferrarese) in Ferrara[15]
- Judeo-Modenese† (Giudeo-Modenese) in Modena[15]
- Judeo-Pitigliano/ Judeo-Pitgilianese† (Giudeo-Pitigliano/ Giudeo-Pitgiliananese) in Tuscany[15]
- Judeo-Salentinian† (Giudeo-Salentino) In Salentino[15]
- Judeo-Resan† (Giudeo-Resab) in the region of Reggio Emilia of Emilia-Romagna[15]
- Judeo-Torinese† (Giudeo-Torinese) in Turin[16]
- Judeo-Italian of Lugo Di Romanga† (Giudeo-italiano di Lugo Di Romanga) in Lugo Di Romanga[17]
- Judeo-Italian of Moncalvo† (Giudeo-italiano di Moncalvo) in Moncalvo[17]
- Judeo-Italian of Casale Monferrato† (Giudeo-italiano di Casale Monferrato) in Casale Monferrato[17]
- Judeo-Italian of Finale Emilia† (Giudeo-italiano di Finale Emilia) in Finale Emilia[17]
- Judeo-Roman (Giudeo-Romanesco) in Rome[18]
- Bagitto/Judeo-Livornese† (Bagitto/Giudeo-Livornese) in Livorno[18]
- Judeo-Florentine† (Giudeo-Fiorentino) in Florence[18]
- Judeo-Venetian† (Giudeo-Veneziano) in Venice[18]
- Judeo-Triestine† (Giudeo-Triestino) in Trieste[18]
- Judeo-Veronese† (Giudeo-Veronese) in Verona[18]
- Judeo-Reggiano† (Giudeo-Reggiano) in Reggio Emilia[18]
- Judeo-Mantuan† (Giudeo-Mantovano) in Mantua[18]
Other Indo-European languages
- (extinct)
- Judeo-Greek (Romaniyot, Yevanic)[1]
- Judeo-Sicilian Greek (extinct)[citation needed]
- Judeo-Koiné Greek(extinct)
Kartvelian languages
- Judeo-Mingrelian (first of all — so called Zugdidi–Samurzakano dialect of Mingrelian,[22] e.g. Bandza and Senaki Jews in Western Georgia, but the tendency is to switch to Judeo-Georgian or to standard Georgian)[21] (almost extinct)
Turkic languages
- Judeo-Miyandoab)[citation needed]
- Judeo-Crimean Tatar (Krymchak)[23] (almost extinct)
- Judeo-Turkish[24] (Influenced the Krymchak and some of Karaim languages, or even was the origin of some of them)
- Karaim[1] (almost extinct, most likely a group of separate Turkic languages with Kypchak and Oghuz traces With Hebrew words)[citation needed]
Creole languages
See also
References
- ^ ISBN 9789004297357.
- S2CID 143577497.
- ^ "Judeo-Arabic". Jewish Languages. Retrieved 2024-01-25.
- JSTOR 43525685.
- ISBN 9789004305045.
- ^ ISBN 9783110251586.
- ^ "Language Contact Manchester". languagecontact.humanities.manchester.ac.uk. Retrieved 2022-11-12.
- ^ "Asian and African studies blog: Judeo-Persian". blogs.bl.uk.
- ^ "A Unique Hebrew Glossary from India". Gorgias Press LLC.
- ^ a b "Liturgical miscellany; Or 14014 : 1800–1899 era". British Library. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
- ^ ISBN 9781139917148.
- ^ Borjian, Habib (2015). "Judeo-Iranian Languages". In Kahn, Lily; Rubin, Aaron D. (eds.). A Handbook of Jewish Languages. Leiden and Boston: BRILL. pp. 234–295.
- ^ Habib Borjian and Daniel Kaufman, “Juhuri: from the Caucasus to New York City”, Special Issue: Middle Eastern Languages in Diasporic USA communities, in International Journal of Sociology of Language, issue edited by Maryam Borjian and Charles Häberl, issue 237, 2016, pp. 51–74. [1].
- ISBN 9781501504631 – via Google Books.
- ^ a b c d e "Judeo-Italian". Jewish Languages. Retrieved 2024-01-19.
- ISSN 2213-4387.
- ^ a b c d Minervini, Laura (2021-06-28), "Judeo-Romance in Italy and France (Judeo-Italian, Judeo-French, Judeo-Occitan)", Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics, Oxford University Press, retrieved 2024-01-19
- ^ ISBN 978-90-04-37658-8, retrieved 2024-01-19
- ISBN 9780195139778.
- ^ Katz, Dovid (October 2012). Bláha, Ondřej; Dittman, Robert; Uličná, Lenka (eds.). "Knaanic in the Medieval and Modern Scholarly Imagination" (PDF). Knaanic Language: Structure and Historical Background: 164, 173. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
- ^ S2CID 166295234.
- ^ THE GEORGIAN JEWS (from antiquity to 1921) (PDF) (in Russian, Georgian, English, and German). D. Baazov Museum of History of Jews of Georgia. p. 55.
- ^ "YIVO | Krymchaks". www.yivoencyclopedia.org. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
- ISBN 9789004359543.
- ^ Jacobs, Neil G. "Jewish Papiamentu". Jewish Language Project. Retrieved 2023-05-29.