List of Kapudan Pashas
Military of the Ottoman Empire |
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The Tanzimat reforms.
The title of Kapudan Pasha itself is only attested from 1567 onwards; earlier designations for the supreme commander of the fleet include derya begi ("
beg of the sea") and re'is kapudan ("head captain").[1]
Name | Appointed | Vacated | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Kara Mürsel Bey | 1324 | ||
Saruca Pasha | 1390 | Turk?[2][3] | |
Çavlı Bey | 1412 | Turk?[2] | |
Baltaoğlu Süleyman Bey | 1451 | 1453 | Bulgarian?[2][4] |
Hamza Bey | 1453 | 1456 | Albanian[2] |
Has Yunus Bey | 1456 | 1459 | [2][4] |
Kasım Bey | 1459 | 1460 | [2] |
Kadim İsmail Bey | 1461 | 1462 | Devşirme?[2]
|
Yakup Bey | 1462 | 1463 | Albanian[2] |
Zagan Pasha | 1463 | 1466 | grand vizier.[2]
|
Veli Mahmud Pasha
|
1466 | 1478 | |
Gedik Ahmed Pasha | 1478 | 1480 | grand vizier.[2]
|
Mesih Pasha | 1480 | 1491 | grand vizier.[2]
|
Güveği Sinan Pasha | 1491 | 1492 | |
Kara Nişancı Davud | 1492 | 1503 | Devşirme?[2]
|
Küçük Davud Pasha | 1503 | 1506 | [2] |
Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha | 1506 | 1511 | Slav; later grand vizier.[2]
|
İskender Ağa Pasha | 1511 | 1514 | Devşirme? [2]
|
Sinan Bey | 1514 | 1516 | Devşirme? [2]
|
Frenk Cafer Ağa Pasha | 1516 | 1520 | Devşirme[2]
|
Parlak Mustafa Pasha | 1520 | 1522 | Bosniak[2] |
Bayram Pasha | 1522 | [2] | |
Kurdoğlu Muslihiddin Reis
|
[citation needed] | ||
Süleyman Pasha | 1531 | [2] | |
Kemankeş Ahmed Bey | 1531 | 1533 | Devşirme?[2]
|
Hayreddin Barbarossa | 1533 | 1546 | Greek, Ottoman Algeria .
|
Sokollu Mehmed Pasha | 1546 | 1550 | grand vizier.[2]
|
Sinan Pasha | 1550 | 1554 | Croat; supported grand vizier.[2]
|
Piyale Pasha
|
1554 | 1567 | Held the title of Kapudan Beg. seized the Balearics in 1558, won crushing Battle of Djerba in 1560; captured Naples in 1563.[2]
|
Müezzinzade Ali Pasha | 1567 | 7 October 1571 | First to hold the title of Kapudan Pasha.[1] Effected conquest of Cyprus from Venice, but killed at Lepanto.[2] |
Hasan Pasha (son of Barbarossa) | 1567 | 1572 | Born in Algiers in 1517. He was called to Constantinople and named Kapudan Pasha (Commander-in-Chief) of the Ottoman Navy in 1567, like his father before him. Hasan Pasha was at the Great Siege of Malta in 1565,[9] and Battle of Lepanto in 1571.[10] He died in Constantinople in 1572. |
Kılıç Ali Paşa
|
1571 | 21 June 1587 | Italian, born Giovanni Dionigi Galeni, known after conversion as Uluç and Uluç Ali Reis; War of Cyprus , raided Calabria and put down numerous revolts.
|
Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha
|
1591 | 1595 | Italian, born Scipione Cicala; first term; later grand vizier.[2]
|
Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha
|
1599 | 1604 | Second term; previously grand vizier.[2]
|
Derviş Pasha
|
1604 | Bosniak[2] | |
Güzelce Ali Pasha | 1617 | ? | |
Cataldjali Hasan Pasha | 1625 | 1631 | [2] |
Gazi Hüseyin Pasha | 1632 | 1635 | Turk; later |
Kemankeş Mustafa Pasha
|
17 October 1635 | 24 December 1638 | Albanian, later grand vizier.[2]
|
Gazi Hüseyin Pasha | 1639 | 1641 | Turk[2] |
Yusuf Pasha
|
164X | 164X | Dalmatian Slav; executed by Sultan. |
Koca Musa Pasha | 1645 | 1647 | Bosniak; Cretan War before he could receive his promotion to grand vizier.
|
Kara Musa Pasha | 1647 | 21 September 1647 | |
Kılavuz Köse Ali Pasha | 1647 | 1648 | [citation needed] |
Koca Dervish Mehmed Pasha | 1652 | 1653 | Circassian; later grand vizier.[2]
|
Kara Murad Pasha
|
1653 | 11 May 1655 | Albanian; grand vizier .
|
Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha
|
1666 | 1670 | Turk; grand vizier.[2]
|
Bozoklu Mustafa Pasha | 1680 | 1684 | Later grand vizier .
|
Mezzo Morto Hüseyin Pasha | 1695 | 1701 | Turk[2][30] or Aragonese;[31] commanded at Andros in 1696 during the Morean War, attempted moderate reforms and published the Kannunname. |
Baltacı Mehmet Pasha | 1704 | 1704 | Turk; later grand vizier.[2]
|
Veli Mehmed Pasha | 1706 | 1707 | Turk |
Moralı Ibrahim Pasha | November 1707 | 1709 | |
Küçük Ali Pasazade Mehmed Pasha | 1709 | 1711 | Turk |
Canım Hoca Mehmed Pasha | December 1714 | February 1717 | Turk from Ottoman–Venetian War (1714–18); first term.[32]
|
Ibrahim Pasha | 1717 | 1718 | Defeated in the Battle of Matapan. |
Süleyman Pasha | April 5, 1718 | 1721 | |
Kaymak Mustafa Pasha | 1721 | 1730 | Bosniak[2][33] |
Canım Hoca Mehmed Pasha | 1730 | 1730 | Second term, lasted for only a few days.[32] |
Hacı Hüseyin Pasha | 1732 | 1732 | [2][34] |
Koca Bekir Pasha
|
1732 | 1732 | Turk; first term.[2][35] |
Canım Hoca Mehmed Pasha | 1732 | 1736 | Third term.[32] |
Hacı Mehmed Pasha | c. 1735. Turk?[2] | ||
Hatibzade Yahya Pasha | 1743 | 1743 | |
Râtip Ahmed Pasha | 1743 | 1744 | Turk[2] |
Koca Bekir Pasha
|
1750 | 1753 | Turk; second term.[2] |
Macar Hacı Hasan Pasha | February 1761 | December 1761 | [36] |
Ahıskalı Mehmed Pasha | December 1761 | August 1762 | [37] |
Eğribozlu İbrahim Pasha | 1769 | Turk?[2][38] | |
Mandalzade Hüsameddin Pasha | 1770 | 1770 | Removed following the disastrous naval defeat at Chesma during the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774.[2] |
Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha | 1770 | 1789[2] or 1790 | grand vizier .
|
Koca Yusuf Pasha | 19 December 1789 | Georgian; former grand vizier.[2]
| |
Giritli Hüseyin Pasha | 1789 | 1792 | [40] |
Küçük Hüseyin Pasha | 11 March 1792 | 7 December 1803 | Georgian; commanded the Turkish invasion fleet of |
Mehmed Kadri Pasha | 1803 | 1804 | [2] |
Hafız İsmail Pasha | 1804 | 1805 | Later grand vizier.[2]
|
Hacı Salih Pasha | 1805 | 1805 | Turk; grand vizier .
|
Hacı Mehmed Pasha II | 21 November 1806 | 1808 | Turk[2][43] |
Seydi Ali Pasha | 1807 or 1808[2] | 1808 | Georgian |
Abdullah Ramiz Efendi | 1808 | 1808 | Crimean Tatar[2] |
Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha | 1811 | 1818 | Abazin; later |
Deli Abdullah Pasha | 1821 | Turk; grand vizier .
| |
Nasuhzade Ali Pasha | 1821 | 7 June 1822 | Albanian; Massacre of Chios;[45] ancestor of Turkish author Nasuh Mahruki .
|
Kara Mehmet | 1822 | ||
Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha | December 1822 | 1826 | |
Aghan Ephrikian Pasha | 1828 | Probably Armenian; Governor | |
Damat Gürcü Halil Rifat Pasha | 1830 | 1832 | |
Çengeloğlu Tahir Mehmed Pasha | November 1832 | 1836 | Turk[2] |
Ahmed Fevzi Pasha | 10 November 1836 | 1839 | Greek, defected to Egypt.[2] |
Topal İzzet Pasha | 1840 | Reformer[citation needed] | |
Damat Gürcü Halil Rifat Pasha | 1843 | 1845 | |
Damat Gürcü Halil Rifat Pasha | 1847 | 1848 | |
unknown | Lost administrative control of the Eyalet of the Islands c. 1848.
| ||
Mahmud Pasha | 1853 | 1854 | |
Damat Gürcü Halil Rifat Pasha | 1854 | 1855 | |
unknown | 13 March 1867 | Office abolished.[46] |
See also
- List of Fleet Commanders of the Ottoman Navy, for the Kapudan Pasha's replacements after 1877
- List of Ottoman admirals, for Turkish commanders beneath the rank of the Kapudan Pashas
Sources
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- ^ Bérenger, Jean (2003). Tollet, Daniel (ed.). Guerres et paix en Europe centrale aux époques moderne et contemporaine mélanges d'histoire des relations internationales offerts à Jean Bérenger. Paris-Sorbonne University Press. p. 103. ISBN 9782840502586. French: Il [Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pacha] était d'origine turque et fut élevé dans la famille des Köprülü. (English: He [Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha] was of Turkish descent and was brought up in the Köprülü family.
- ^ Veiga, Francisco (2006). El turco diez siglos a las puertas de Europa. Debate. p. 262. ISBN 9788483066706. Spanish: A él le sucedería Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasa, de origen turco. (English: He would be succeeded by Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasa, of Turkish origin.
- ^ Şimşir, Nahide (2004). Osmanlı araştırmaları makaleler · Volume 1. IQ Kültürsanat. p. 111. ISBN 9789752550056. Kara Mustafa Pasha, who was of Turkish origin and was brought up in the Köprülü family, was a passionate, ambitious and authoritarian person
- ^ Wheatcroft, Andrew (2009). The Enemy at the Gate Habsburgs, Ottomans, and the Battle for Europe. Basic Books. ISBN 9780786744541. While the other Köprülü were all of Albanian origin, the first of them brought to Istanbul in the youth levy, Kara Mustafa was a pure Anatolian.
- ^ Sevinç, Necdet (1992). Osmanlının yükselişi ve çöküşü sosyal ve ekonomik inceleme. Burak Yayınevi. p. 111. ISBN 9789757645009. Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha - Ethnicity: Turkish
- ^ Dilek, Zeki (2000). Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Paşa Uluslararası Sempozyumu 08-11 Haziran 2000, Merzifon. Merzifon Vakfı. p. 4. ISBN 9789759744700. Even later, Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha, one of the Grand Viziers of Turkish origin in the Ottoman Empire [...]
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