List of Ottoman titles and appellations

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

This is a list of titles and appellations used in the

Surname Law
.

Usage by Ottoman royalty

The sovereigns' main titles were

conquest of Constantinople. The title sultan (سلطان), originally meaning "authority" or "dominion", used in an ungendered manner to encompass the whole imperial family, men and women, reflected the Ottoman conception of sovereign power as a "family prerogative". Male dynasty member carrying the title before their given name, with female member carrying it after.[1] Nevertheless, when used to refer to female dynasty members and relatives, title sultan often translated to sultana in to outside Ottoman, possibly to distinguish them from the Ottoman ruler. Hadrah
or Hazretleri is honorific Arabic title; a literal translation of Hadrah is "Presence", which is often translated as "Your Highness".

Sovereign

The emperors' formal title consisted of Sultan together with Khan (in Turkish language the word became Han). This dual title symbolized the Ottomans' dual legitimating heritage, Islamic and Central Asian. Formal titles and styles:

  • Short: Sultan (given name) Han Hazretleri, with the style of hünkarım (my sovereign, equivalent with "Your Imperial Majesty"), padişah efendim (my lord emperor), or sultanım (my sultan)
  • The full style of the Ottoman sultan once the empire's frontiers had stabilized became:
    many others countries and cities
    ."

Dynasty member

Imperial prince

Male descendants of a sovereign in the male line.

  • Gentleman (çelebi, چلبى). Used before the reign of Mehmed II. Format style: "(given name) Çelebi".
  • Sultan Imperial Prince (şehzade sultan), or simply Imperial Prince (şehzade, شاهزاده). Format titles and styles:
    • Short: "Şehzade Sultan (given name)", i.e. Sultan Imperial Prince (given name) or "Şehzade (given name)", i.e. Imperial Prince (given name), with the style of şehzadem (my imperial prince) or efendim (my master).
    • Full: Devletlû Najabatlu Şehzade Sultan (given name) Hazretleri Efendi
  • Crown Prince (vali ahad). Full titles and styles: Devletlû Najabatlu Valiahd-i Saltanat Şehzade-i Javanbahd (given name) Efendi Hazretleri.

Imperial princess

Female descendants of a sovereign in the male line.

  • Lady (
    hatun
    , خاتون). Used before 16th century and also used for sultan's mothers and consorts. In the 16th century, title sultan carried by prominent members of the imperial family and hatun carried by lesser female member.
    • Format style: "(given name)
      Hatun
      ", i.e. Lady (given name)
  • Sultana (sultan, سلطان). Used after 16th century. Formal title:
    • Short: "(given name) Sultana", i.e. Sultana (given name), with the style of sultanım (my sultan(a)) or efendim (my mistress).
    • Full: Devletlû İsmetlu (given name) Sultân Aliyyetü'ş-Şân Hazretleri

Sons and daughters of sultana

  • Prince Sultan (sultanzade, سلطانزاده). Sons of sultanas (imperial princes).
  • Sultana madam (hanımsultan, خانم سلطان). Daughters of sultanas (imperial princesses).
    • Formal title: "(given name) Hanımsultan", i.e. Sultana madam (given name)

Relative of dynasty member

Imperial mother

Mothers of the reigning sultans

  • Lady mother (
    Valide Hatun
    " or "Valide (given name) Hatun", i.e. Lady mother (given name).
  • Sultana mother or Queen mother (valide sultan, والدة السلطان). Used after 16th century. Formal titles and styles:
    • Short: "(given name)
      Valide Sultan
      " or "Valide (given name) Sultan", i.e. Sultana mother (given name), with the style of sultanım (my sultan(a)) or validem (my mother).
    • Full: Devletlû İsmetlû (given name) Vâlide Sultân Aliyyetü'ş-Şân Hazretleri
  • Sultana grandmother or Grand Sultana mother (büyük valide sultan). Grandmothers of the reigning sultans; first made by Murad III as a gift to his aunt Mihrimah Sultan at the beginning of his reign; later used by Safiye Sultan, during the reigns of her grandsons and great-grandson; last used by Kösem Sultan during the reign of her grandson Sultan Mehmed IV

Imperial female consort

Consorts of the sultans and imperial princes.

  • Sultana consort or Imperial Consort (
    Mahpeyker Kösem Sultan
    it became title used for the "mother of the imperial princes". This title was only used until around the 17th century. Formal title:
    • Short: "(given name)
      Hurrem Sultan
      ) (given name), with the style of sultanım (my sultan(a)) or efendim (my mistress).
    • Full: Devletlû İsmetlu (given name) Haseki Sultân Aliyyetü'ş-Şân Hazretleri
  • Lady consort (haseki kadın). Title for sultan's consort who became mother of the imperial princes. This title was used around 17th century.
  • Lady (
    hatun
    , خاتون). Also used for imperial princesses and sultans' mothers. In the 16th century, the title sultan was carried by prominent members of the imperial family and hatun was carried by lesser female members.
    • Format style: "(given name)
      Hatun
      ", i.e. Lady (given name)
  • Lady (
    kadınefendi
    , قادين افندی). Title given to main imperial consort of Ottoman sultan from the 17th century. The title was a replacement of the early title Hatun.
    • Format style: "(given name) Kadınefendi", i.e. Lady (given name)
    • Full titles and styles: Devletlu İsmetlu (given name) (rank) Kadınefendi Hazretleri
  • Madam (
    hanımefendi
    , خانم آفندی). Title given to the imperial consort of the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from the 17th century, who came below the rank of kadınefendi. The title was also given to the official consorts of the imperial princes.

Imperial male consort

Husbands of the sultana.

  • Prince consort (damad, داماد). Full titles and styles: Damat-i Shahriyari (given name) Bey Efendi.

During the time of Suleiman

Titles and appellations in the time of Suleiman the Magnificent, from Albert Howe Lybyer's book "The government of the Ottoman Empire in the time of Suleiman the Magnificent":[3]

Other princely, noble, aristocratic, and honorific titles

Other titles include:[citation needed]

  • Agha
    (or Agha, Ağası): commander, a title junior to Bey and conferred on military officers on a personal basis.
  • Alp: brave warrior or knight; a title conferred during the early years of Ottoman rule.
  • Amir al-Hajj
    : Commander of the Hajj Pilgrimage, a title for the annual commanders of the Hajj pilgrimage caravans from Damascus and Cairo.
  • Amir ul-Muminin
    or Emirülmüminin: Commander of the Faithful, one of the many titles of the Sultan.
  • Ottoman Ayan
    : local notables or dynasts that maintained different extents of administrative control over swaths of land in the Ottoman Empire from the 16th to the early 19th centuries.
  • Bey: a title junior to Pasha and conferred on civil and military officers on a personal basis; also borne as a courtesy title for the sons of a Pasha.
  • Beg
    , an ancient Turkic administrative title (chieftain, governor etc.).
  • Bey Effendi: part of the title of a husband and sons of an Imperial Princess.
  • Beylerbeyi (or Beglerbegi): Lord of Lords. An office signifying rule over a great province, equivalent to Governor-General. The office entitled the holder to the personal title of Pasha.
  • Beyzade: son of a Bey, a courtesy title borne by a son of a Bey Effendi.
  • Binbashi: (literally "Head of 1000") Major (army) or Commander (navy). The holder of the rank enjoyed the title of Effendi.
  • Cariye: slave concubines, the lowest rank of the women of the harem, and the rank almost all harem women when they first entered the harem.
  • Çavuş: "messenger", used for two separate soldier professions, both acting as messengers although differing in levels.
  • Çavuşbaşı
    or Başçavuş: "head messenger", assistant (or deputy) to the Grand Vizier.
  • Çelebi: gentleman, a title indicating a high social status
  • Chiflik
    Rulers: Compared to Christian feudal system the chiflik rulers controlled land holdings. These land holdings could be passed on to their sons.
  • Khalif
    (also Caliph or Khalifa): Successor (of the Prophet).
  • Khalifat Rasul Rub al-A'alimin: Successor of the Prophet of the Lord of the Universe. The highest earthly title of the Muslim world, enjoyed by the Sultans of Turkey after their conquest of Egypt in 1517.
  • Damad-i-Shahriyari: Imperial son-in-law, title conferred on the husbands of Imperial Princesses.
  • Damat: was an official Ottoman title describing men that entered the imperial House of Osman by means of marriage, literally becoming the bridegroom to the Ottoman sultan and the dynasty.
  • Devletlû: a title of imperial gentry.
  • Divan: was a high government ministry in North Africa.
  • Dragoman: was an interpreter, translator, and official guide.
  • Dragoman of the Fleet: was a senior office.
  • Effendi: master, title equivalent to Esquire; frequently used together with higher titles in order to indicate, signify enhanced status. Used by the sons of Sultans from the reign of Sultan 'Abdu'l Majid I.
  • Ferik: Lieutenant-General (army) or Vice-Admiral (navy). The holder of the rank enjoyed the title of Pasha.
  • Ghazi: victorious, a title conferred on leaders who distinguish themselves in war.
  • Gözde
    : noticed (by the Sultan). Style borne by junior ladies of the Harem when first gaining favour from the Sultan.
  • Hanım: female of Khan, equivalent to Lady.
  • Hanımsultan: Title borne by the daughters of Imperial Princesses.
  • Haji (or Hacci): honorific used for men who have made the pilgrimage to Mecca.
  • Hakhan ul-Barrayun wa al-Bahrain: Lord of the Lands and Seas, one of the many titles of the Sultan.
  • Haseki Sultan
    (خاصکي سلطان): Title borne by Empress Consort (only for Hürrem Sultan) then at the end of the 16th century it is used as the Main Consort or Imperial Consort of the Sultan and in the 17th century it would be used as the Main Woman or Only Favorite.
  • Hazretleri
    : style equivalent to Highness.
  • Hazinedar: The High Hazinedar or First Hazinedar or Hazinedar Usta was a title of the housemistress of the sultan's palace, the most influential person after the prince.
  • Hospodar: was a title had been held by many vassals of the sultan,
  • Ikbal or İkbâl (اقبال): title borne by the junior wives of the Sultan in the 19th and 20th century, who came below the rank of Kadın.
  • Kadın (قادين): Title borne by the senior wives of the Sultan from the late 16th century and early 20th century. The title was a replacement of the early title, Hatun.
  • Kaimakam
    : Lieutenant-Colonel (army) or Commander (navy). The holder of the rank enjoyed the title of Bey.
  • Kapıcıbaşı: general of the palace guards.
  • Katib: secretary of the Kiaya bey.
  • Katkhuda: Second in command to the Agha in the Janissary
    corps
  • Khan (or Hân): a title signifying sovereign or ruler in Turkey, but a very junior title signifying a male noble, or even a mere name, in other parts of the Muslim world.
  • Khadim ul-Haramain us-Sharifain: Protector of the Holy Cities of Mecca and Medina, a title awarded[citation needed] to Selim I
    by the Sherif of Mecca.
  • Khakhan
    : Khan of Khans, one of the many titles of the Sultan of Turkey.
  • Khedive: Governor of Egypt and Sudan, and vassal of the Ottoman Empire.
  • Kizlar Aghasi
    : Chief of the Eunuchs. The office entitled the holder to the style of His Highness.
  • Kapudan Pasha: Grand Admiral or Admiral of the Fleet. The holder of the rank enjoyed the title of Pasha.
  • Kayzer-i Rûm:
    Caesar
    of Rome, Emperor (i.e.; the Ottoman Sultan).
  • Kodjabashis: local Christian notables in parts of Ottoman Greece who exercised considerable influence and held posts in the Ottoman administration.
  • Lala: were the experienced statesmen who were assigned as the tutors of young princes.
  • Lewa (or Liva): Major-General (army) or Rear-Admiral (navy). The holder of the rank enjoyed the title of Pasha.
  • Mahd-i Ulya-i-Sultanat: "Cradle of the Great Sultan," another title for the Sultan's mother.
  • Miralay or mir-i alay: Colonel (army) or Captain (navy). The holder of the rank enjoyed the title of Bey.
  • Muhtasib: meaning market overseer, market inspector, or master of the bazaar, who supervised weights and measures in the market.
  • Mulazim Awal: Lieutenant (army) or Sub-Lieutenant (navy). The holder of the rank enjoyed the title of Effendi.
  • Mulazim Tani
    : Second Lieutenant (army) or Midshipman (navy). The holder of the rank enjoyed the title of Effendi.
  • Mushir: Field Marshal. The holder of the rank enjoyed the title of Pasha.
  • ashraf
    )
  • Nishan (or Nichan): order of chivalry or decoration of honour.
  • Padshah
    (or Padishah): Emperor, one of the many titles of the Sultan of Turkey.
  • Pasha: Lord, a title senior to that of Bey and conferred on a personal basis on senior civil officials and military officers. Awarded in several grades, signified by a whip, the highest rank being a whip of three yak or horse tails.
  • Pashazadeh: son of a Pasha, used as an alternative courtesy title to Bey.
  • Reis: naval captain or commodore.
  • Sadaf-i-Durr-i-Khilafat: shell of the pearl of the caliphate, another title for the mother of the Sultan.
  • Saraskar
    : C-in-C.
  • Shah: King, title of Persian origin.
  • Shah-i-Alam Panah: King, refuge of the world, one of the titles of the Sultan.
  • Shahzada (or Shahzade): son of the King, title used for the sons of Sultans from the reign of Muhammad I.
  • Shaikh ul-Islam
    : the title held by the highest ranking Muslim religious official below the Khalif. The office entitled the holder to the personal title of Pasha together the style of His Highness.
  • Shalabi (or Çelebi): gracious lord, title borne by sons of the Sultan until the reign of Muhammad II.
  • Silahadar: Master-General of the Ordnance.
  • Sipah Salar
    : General of Cavalry.
  • Sultan: title borne by male members of the Imperial family, particularly after the reign of Muhammad II. When it is used before the given name, together with Khan after the name, it signifies ruler. When used before the name, Imperial Prince. When used after the name, Imperial Princess.
  • Sultan Khan: The Grand Sultan, the chief title borne by the ruler of Turkey and the Ottoman Empire, equivalent to Emperor.
  • Sultan us-Selatin
    : Sultan of Sultan, one of the many titles of the Sultan of Turkey.
  • Sultanzade (or Sultanzada): literally "son of a Sultan", the title borne by the sons of Imperial Princesses.
  • Sünnetçi: Circumciser.
  • Vali
    : Governor. The office entitled the holder to the personal title of Pasha.
  • Vali Ahad
    (or Veliaht): Heir Apparent or Presumptive usually translated as Crown Prince.
  • Valide Sultan
    : The title borne by the "legal mother" of a reigning Sultan from the 16th century.
  • Vizier: bearer of the burden, i.e. Minister.
  • Vizier-i-Azam
    : Grand Vizier, the title borne by the incumbent Prime Minister. The office entitled the holder to the personal title of Pasha together the style of His Highness.
  • Yuzbashi (or Youzbashi): Captain (army) or Lieutenant (navy). The holder of the rank enjoyed the title of Effendi.

See also

References

  1. ISBN 0-19-507673-7
    .
  2. ^ Özgen, Korkut. "The Ottomans History". TheOttomans.org. Archived from the original on 2008-01-11. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
  3. ^ The government of the Ottoman Empire in the time of Suleiman the Magnificent (1913) at the Internet Archive

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Ottoman_titles_and_appellations&oldid=1219717735"