List of prime ministers of India
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The prime minister is appointed by the president of India; however, the prime minister has to enjoy the confidence of the majority of Lok Sabha members, who are directly elected every five years, unless a prime minister resigns. The prime minister is the presiding member of the Council of Ministers of the Union government. The prime minister unilaterally controls the selection and dismissal of members of the council; and allocation of posts to members within the government. This council, which is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha as per Article 75(3), assists the president regarding the operations under the latter's powers; however, by the virtue of Article 74 of the Constitution, such 'aid and advice' tendered by the council is binding.
Since 1947, India has had 14 prime ministers.
After a general election loss, Rajiv Gandhi's five-year term ended; his former cabinet colleague,
List of prime ministers of India
- Key
- No.: Incumbent number
- † Assassinated or died in office
- § Returned to office after a previous non-consecutive term
- RES Resigned
- no-confidence motion
- Legend
- Interim Prime Minister
Colour key (for political coalitions/parties):
- Janata Dal (3)
- Janata Party (1)
No. | Portrait | Name (born – died) Constituency |
Term of office & mandate Duration in years and days |
Other offices | Party | Government | Head of State (Tenure) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Phulpur (1952-1964)
|
15 August 1947 |
27 May 1964[†] |
16 years, 286 days | – | List
|
Indian National Congress | Nehru I | George VI [b] (1947–1950) | |
Rajendra Prasad (1950–1962) | ||||||||||
1951–52 | Nehru II | |||||||||
1957 | Nehru III | |||||||||
1962 | Nehru IV | Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1962–1967) | ||||||||
– | Gulzarilal Nanda (1898–1998) MP for Sabarkantha |
27 May 1964 |
9 June 1964 |
13 days | – | Nanda I | ||||
2 | Allahabad
|
9 June 1964 |
11 January 1966[†] |
1 year, 216 days | – | List
|
Shastri | |||
– | Gulzarilal Nanda (1898–1998) MP for Sabarkantha |
11 January 1966 |
24 January 1966 |
13 days | – | Nanda II | ||||
3 | Rae Bareli (1967–1977)
|
24 January 1966 |
24 March 1977 |
11 years, 59 days | – | List
|
Indira I | |||
1967 | Zakir Husain (1967–1969) | |||||||||
V. V. Giri (1969) | ||||||||||
M. Hidayatullah (1969) | ||||||||||
V. V. Giri (1969–1974) | ||||||||||
1971 | Indian National Congress (R) | Indira II | ||||||||
Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (1974–1977) | ||||||||||
B. D. Jatti (1977) | ||||||||||
4 | Surat
|
24 March 1977 |
28 July 1979[RES] |
2 years, 126 days | 1977 | List
|
Janata Party | Desai
| ||
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy (1977–1982) | ||||||||||
5 | Baghpat
|
28 July 1979 |
14 January 1980[RES] |
170 days | – | None | Janata Party (Secular) | Charan | ||
(3) | Medak
|
14 January 1980[§] |
31 October 1984[†] |
4 years, 291 days | 1980 | List
|
Indian National Congress | Indira III | ||
Giani Zail Singh (1982–1987) | ||||||||||
6 | Amethi
|
31 October 1984 |
2 December 1989 |
5 years, 32 days | – | List
|
Rajiv | |||
1984 | R. Venkataraman (1987–1992) | |||||||||
7 | Fatehpur
|
2 December 1989 |
10 November 1990[NC] |
343 days | 1989 | Janata Dal | V. P. Singh | |||
8 | Ballia
|
10 November 1990 |
21 June 1991[RES] |
223 days | – | List
|
Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) | Chandra Shekhar | ||
9 | P. V. Narasimha Rao (1921–2004) MP for Nandyal |
21 June 1991 |
16 May 1996 |
4 years, 330 days | 1991 | List
|
Indian National Congress | Rao | ||
Shankar Dayal Sharma (1992–1997) | ||||||||||
10 | Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1924–2018) MP for Lucknow |
16 May 1996 |
1 June 1996[RES] |
16 days | 1996 | List
|
Bharatiya Janata Party | Vajpayee I | ||
11 | H. D. Deve Gowda (born 1933) MP for Karnataka (Rajya Sabha) |
1 June 1996 |
21 April 1997[RES] |
324 days | – | List
|
Janata Dal (United Front) |
Deve Gowda | ||
12 | Inder Kumar Gujral (1919–2012) MP for Bihar (Rajya Sabha) |
21 April 1997 |
19 March 1998[RES] |
332 days | – | Gujral | ||||
K. R. Narayanan (1997–2002) | ||||||||||
(10) | Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1924–2018) MP for Lucknow |
19 March 1998[§] |
22 May 2004 |
6 years, 64 days | 1998 | List
|
Bharatiya Janata Party (NDA) |
Vajpayee II | ||
1999 | Vajpayee III | |||||||||
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (2002–2007) | ||||||||||
13 | Manmohan Singh (born 1932) MP for Assam (Rajya Sabha) |
22 May 2004 |
26 May 2014 |
10 years, 4 days | 2004 | List
|
Indian National Congress (UPA) |
Manmohan I | ||
Pratibha Patil (2007–2012) | ||||||||||
2009 | Manmohan II | |||||||||
Pranab Mukherjee (2012–2017) | ||||||||||
14 | Varanasi
|
26 May 2014 |
Incumbent | 9 years, 331 days | 2014 | List |
Bharatiya Janata Party (NDA) |
Modi I | ||
Ram Nath Kovind (2017–2022) | ||||||||||
2019 | Modi II | |||||||||
Droupadi Murmu (2022–present) |
List of prime ministers by length of term
No. | Name | Party | Length of term | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Longest continuous term | Total years of premiership | ||||
1 | Jawaharlal Nehru | INC | 16 years, 286 days | 16 years, 286 days | |
2 | Indira Gandhi | INC/INC(I)/INC(R) | 11 years, 59 days | 15 years, 350 days | |
3 | Manmohan Singh | INC | 10 years, 4 days | 10 years, 4 days | |
4 | Narendra Modi | BJP
|
9 years, 331 days | 9 years, 331 days | |
5 | Atal Bihari Vajpayee | BJP
|
6 years, 64 days | 6 years, 80 days | |
6 | Rajiv Gandhi | INC(I) | 5 years, 32 days | 5 years, 32 days | |
7 | P. V. Narasimha Rao | INC(I) | 4 years, 330 days | 4 years, 330 days | |
8 | Morarji Desai | JP | 2 years, 126 days | 2 years, 126 days | |
9 | Lal Bahadur Shastri | INC | 1 year, 216 days | 1 year, 216 days | |
10 | Vishwanath Pratap Singh
|
JD | 343 days | 343 days | |
11 | Inder Kumar Gujral | JD | 332 days | 332 days | |
12 | H. D. Deve Gowda | JD | 324 days | 324 days | |
13 | Chandra Shekhar | SJP(R) | 223 days | 223 days | |
14 | Charan Singh | JP(S) | 170 days | 170 days | |
Acting | Gulzarilal Nanda | INC | 13 days | 26 days |
- Timeline
List by party
No. | Political party | Number of Prime ministers | Total years of holding PMO |
---|---|---|---|
1 | INC/INC(I)/INC(R) | 6 (+1 acting) | 54 years, 123 days |
2 | BJP
|
2 | 16 years, 42 days |
3 | JD | 3 | 2 years, 269 days |
4 | JP | 1 | 2 years, 126 days |
5 | SJP(R) | 1 | 223 days |
6 | JP(S) | 1 | 170 days |
Parties by total duration (in years) of holding Prime Minister's Office
See also
- President of India
- Vice President of India
- List of presidents of India
- List of vice presidents of India
- List of deputy prime ministers of India
- List of children of prime ministers of India
- List of prime ministers of India by previous experience
- List of heads of state and government of Indian origin
- List of nicknames of prime ministers of India
Footnotes
- † Assassinated or died in office
- § Returned to office after a previous non-consecutive term
- RES Resigned
- no-confidence motion
Notes
- ^ 15 including Gulzarilal Nanda who twice acted in the role, of which 6 having at least one full term, ruling country for about 60 years.[12]
- ^ Governors-General:
Lord Louis Mountbatten
(1947–1948),
C. Rajagopalachari
(1948–1950)
References
- S2CID 219881288,
The head of government is the Prime Minister.
- ISBN 978-0-19-870489-8,
The Prime Minister is the head of government.
- S2CID 219881288,
An elected President is the nominal head of state but exercises little power.
- ISBN 0-7735-2849-0,
...The president is the constitutional head. (p. 185)
- ISBN 978-0-19-870489-8,
The President is the head of the Union of India
- ^ ISBN 978-0-19-881255-5
- ISBN 0-7735-2849-0,
...the executive authority is vested in the prime minister and in their Council of Ministers. (p. 185)
- ISBN 978-0-19-870489-8,
Executive power, ordinarily, is exercised by Prime Minister.
- S2CID 219881288,
... Like the British system, there are two houses of parliament – the Lok Sabha, which has 545 members, is the main legislative body. In practice, it is the party with a majority in the Lok Sabha which elects its leader as the Prime Minister.
- ISBN 978-0-19-870489-8,
Along with his or her cabinet, the Prime Minister is responsible to the Lower House of Parliament.
- ISBN 0-7735-2849-0,
...Both for the Union and the states, a "cabinet-type" system of parliamentary government has been instituted in which the executive is continuously responsible to the legislature. (p. 185)
- ^ Mahurkar, Uday (15 May 1996). "At 98, two-time interim PM Gulzarilal Nanda is the epitome of Gandhian ideals". India Today. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
- ^ Malhotra, Inder (15 January 1995). "Book review: Lal Bahadur Shastri Prime Minister of India 1964-66: A Life of Truth in Politics". India Today. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
- ^ a b Vijaykumar, Neeti (19 January 2017). "Today in 1966: Indira Gandhi becomes Prime Minister". The Week. Archived from the original on 16 February 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
- ^ "Before Modi, there was Morarjibhai". Rediff.com. 7 April 2014. Archived from the original on 30 March 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
- ^ "JD-U demands Bharat Ratna to former PM Charan Singh". The Economic Times. 21 December 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
- ^ Denyer, Simon (2 December 2011). "In India, next generation of Gandhi dynasty". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 28 December 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
- ^ a b Iype, George (3 May 2004). "What the former PMs are doing". Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 25 March 2010. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
- ^ Ghosh, Deepshikha (16 August 2018). "Atal Bihari Vajpayee: The 3-Time PM Who Captivated India With His Oratory". NDTV. Archived from the original on 23 December 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
- ^ "PM Modi, Rahul Gandhi Greet Manmohan Singh On His 86th Birthday". Outlook. 26 September 2018. Archived from the original on 28 September 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
- ^ Panda, Ankit (16 May 2014). "BJP, Modi Win Landslide Victory in Indian Elections". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2016.